...problem solving by making observation and doing experiments. We can follow the below steps to solve our problem scientifically: Observation This is the first part of scientific method is discovered upon direct observation of what is around us. As a scientist we have to look critically and attempt to avoid all kind if sources and bias in this observation. Ask question The second step in the scientific method is formulated by questions. Ask as many questions as we need to answer. Science can answer many questions, but there are some which cannot be answered by science. Hypothesis The next part of our scientific method is to form a hypothesis. This is simply an educated guess as to the answer for the question. Prediction The prediction is an official way to put a hypothesis to a test. If the test works most likely we are on a right track to solve our problem. If we have carefully designed our hypothesis to be sure it is falsifiable, then we know precisely what to predict. The prediction has three parts such as if, then and when. Experiment This is where we practice hands-on part of the test. Here we will carry out our manipulation and compare the results with results from a control setting. To be an experiment, we must compare all the results of many manipulations. Not everything we do in science...
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...What, in your opinion, makes a statement scientific? A scientific statement provides an explanation of a natural phenomenon through the use of objective observation and disciplined experimentation. First, scientific statements provide knowledge of the wide range of physical and natural aspects of the universe. Each of the different fields of the sciences gives us unique insights into a branch of scientific knowledge. Second, this knowledge is conveyed in theories backed by physical evidence obtained through observation and experimentation. Observation and experimentation are essential components of the scientific method because they result in valid and reliable scientific statements. All the different fields of the sciences form scientific statements which deepen our understanding of the universe. For example, biology which is one of the major branches of science focuses on the science of life and living organisms. Chemistry is the branch of science concerned with the composition of substances, their properties, and their reactions. Physics is yet another branch of science which deals with both matter and energy and their interactions. Therefore, scientific statements cover a wide range of subjects which revolve around the mechanics of the natural world. The high validity and reliability of scientific statements depend on the observations and experimentations performed as part of the scientific method. Scientists develop theories using well-organized scientific procedures...
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...experiment to find out whether ruby-throated hummingbirds are attracted to some colors more than others. According to (Suarez & Gass, 2002) she believe that ruby-throated hummingbirds may be attracted to some colors like red. I then decided to test the theory for myself by measuring the time and frequency of the hummingbird’s attraction by testing a series of colors. By doing this experiment it should reveal rather the ruby- throated hummingbird is attracted to red or a series of colors. Hypothesis I predict that ruby-throated hummingbirds will be attracted to the red color more verses the others Colors. Prediction: During this experiment I expect to obtain accurate results based on the use of my experimental method to find out if the ruby-throated hummingbird is more attracted to red verses other colors. I expect to prove that bright colors like red attract ruby-throated hummingbirds more than other colors, like blue, purple and green. By proving this, my hypothesis should be right. The first thing I did in my experiment was tested the impact that different colors had on the ruby-throated hummingbirds, versus the impact red had on them. By doing this, I used flower pots with sticks sticking out of the soil with strips of different colors...
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...Observational Experiments 1 What are they? An observational experiment is an experiment that students perform when they are investigating a new phenomenon. Thus, they do not make predictions or have expectations about its outcome. Students need to collect data, analyze them and find a pattern in the data. They then need to explain the reasons for the pattern (if applicable), and/or construct a qualitative or quantitative relationship. 2 Why do you want to use them? Observational experiments have the following desirable features: • Concrete experiences These experiments provide concrete experiences as part of the learning cycle. • Open-mindedness Students learn to learn to approach data without knowing whether they are right or wrong. • Decision-making Students learn to make decisions about representing data, considering outliers, deciding what pattern they want to look for. • Epistemic cognition Students learn to deal with situations when there is no right answer. They learn how to choose a productive way to investigate complex phenomena. • Real data Students learn to deal with the complexities of real data. 3 How and where do you use them? Observational experiments can be used in the following contexts: • In a lecture while developing ideas in a new topic. The instructor performs the experiment, students record data, decide what variables are important, and try to find patterns in the data by plotting graphs. • In the lecture, laboratory or recitation/workshop...
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...Classroom Observation Conducting classroom observations are very important to the prospective teacher. Observing helps show how experienced teachers manage their classroom. For this observation it was important to notice how the classroom was arranged, how the teacher interacted with the students, the teacher’s management style, and interview the teacher. Upon speaking to the principal about observing he assigned me to Mrs. Johnson’s third grade class, because she was the best organized. I was surprised when I walked into the class and it was not pristine and in perfect order. Shelves are organized with baskets but the baskets are overflowing with books. I was glad to see that she actually used her classroom. My observations on the teacher’s management style, interaction with students, arrangement, mutual respect, enforcing and reinforcing classroom expectations, and preventative procedures and activities. The day I observed Mrs. Johnson’s classroom was a good day because not only did I get to see the interaction between her and her students she also had the other third grade class for a period and I got to see her interaction with students she does not have on a daily basis. She was very positive and never raised her voice once. If a student got too loud or was breaking rules she would call the students name and tell them to take a letter. She is very respectful with her students calling them ladies...
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...minimal at around 10%. There is no noticeable trend in art absences between the four schools. Band absences at Truman and Jackson Middle schools on May 20th show a 33% and 25% absence rate, respectively. Based on these observations, the overall absence rates are attributed to Band students at Truman and Jackson Middle schools. I came up with two testable hypotheses as to what I think is behind the absences. Based on the letter from the Principle from Truman Middle School, she stated last year her School had a widespread outbreak of the flu. Hypothesis: If the symptoms and events of the health issue is similar to the last flu outbreak, then the students may have contracted and spread the flu. The second hypothesis based on the Information from the Health Department Inspections which show that “Take Your Chances Diner” and “Delicious” restaurants had violations for sanitation, food storage, and food preparation. Hypothesis: If children from the band classes ate at unsanitary Dinner, then they may have contracted food poising. Six testable questions that can be...
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...1. What did I learn about the whole child? A. What did your observations teach you about this child's personality, preferences, interests, development? Give specific examples. Yani is a demanding child, she likes thing her way and when she doesn’t get her way she sometimes throws a fit. However on the other hand Yani can be very caring towards the ones she loves such as her daddy and her friends. When I went to visit her several times she had other little girls at the house with her, either playing house or painting finger nails. Yani love to laugh and have fun and she is very energetic, as seen in my observation at the Park. B. Is he/she on time, ahead or delayed compared to other children of the same age per domain (physical, cognitive, emotional-social)? Give specific examples from your observations. Yani seems to be right on time with others compared to her age group. She is counting she knows her colors and she speak fairly well. Yani illustrates egocentric thought, as in one observation where Yani threw her father’s girlfriend’s coat. Yani also told her that she didn’t want to share the seat with her in a rude tone. Yani does not yet realize the her actions impact others. did not like the fact the Yani did that and was a little upset at the fact, however Yani does not yet take in to account others viewpoints (Feldman Ch 9. pg 211) Yani also demonstrates the fine motor skills expected of a little girl, she is playing house, drawing, cutting...
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...What Is Life? Read each statement. Write a 100-word summary explaining how that media piece supports that statement and include reference citations. 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. [pic] 2. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that recognizes the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology. [pic] 3. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that describes the energy metabolism of cells. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand the energy metabolism of cells. [pic] 4. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that compares structures and functions of different cell types. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better compare structures and functions of different cell types. [pic] 5. Discuss what life means to you after completing questions 1–4. [pic] ----------------------- This video...
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...experiments with beakers and other equipment of the sorts, but even without knowing it, we unconsciously assume an outcome, which we can compare to a hypothesis. Most of the time the assumption isn't based on an educated guess and more about what we want out of the situation, but the idea is similar enough to make this comparison. After unconsciously assuming an outcome we strive to make that outcome a reality, this step is comparable to the experiment which will lead to an outcome or a conclusion. I have recently begun playing an online game called "sugar, sugar" which involves pixels of sugar falling from a specific point and cups that require a specific number of pixels of sugar to fall into before moving on to the next level. To accomplish this, you have to click and drag on the screen to draw lines that will guide the sugar into the cups through a variety of differing obstacles. I only bring this up because this game brings the aspect of problem solving to the forefront of my mind and forces me to go through the scientific process without consciously going through the process step by step. When the level begins I instantly begin observing the level and then make a hypothesis about what will happen when I begin drawing lines to accomplish the goal. I do many trial runs before advancing to the next level and each time I have a new hypothesis that I test in differing ways by drawing different lines to accomplish my goals, whatever they might be. Every time I complete a level, my...
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...THE OBSTACLES OF SCIENCE Nowadays, our lives have completely intertwined with science. It is crucial for every part of our lives. While we are enjoying or studying, we use returns of science. In short, it is indispensable for our society. In spite of its enormous importance, most people do not know what science is and what its problems are. Michael Shermer’s definition for science is “Science is not affirmation of a set of beliefs, but a process of inquiry aimed at building a testable body of knowledge constantly open to rejection or confirmation” (Kida, 2006, p.72). This definition has some important points. Science is a process and it does not dictate truth. It is open to rejection. The process of looking for truth consists of experiments, peer review and publication. However, these steps are not perfect. They have some problems. Experimental problems such as loose controls and unexpected results, lack of peer review and wrong publications of media are the biggest obstacles for science because they can mislead people. Firstly, one of the obstacles for science is experimental issues. Doing an experiment is a very important part of the scientific process. It is almost the only way to prove and legitimate our truths, also experiments are the keystone for science. However, conditions can affect our results. Loose control is one of the problems of this step. During an experiment, all of variables must be under control except one to understand which variables affect which results...
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...Ariel Berdon At home one day (a few years ago), I decided to test a theory I had about chocolate chip cookies. The theory was: “I think that the cookies would taste better if the dough was left in the refrigerator for 48 hours before getting baked.” My informal hypothesis was, "If I let the dough sit in the refrigerator for 48 hours, then these cookies will taste better than those cookies that were baked immediately after preparation.” This was a form of Experimental Research, which psychologists use to establish cause-and-effect relationships (Feldman, 2012, p. 29). I found that the cookies baked after 48 hours in the refrigerator (after preparation) were tastier than the cookies baked immediately after preparation. This conclusion was based on a single-blind test of 10 volunteers (not including myself obviously). Eight out of the ten chose the “refrigerator” cookie over the “immediate” cookie, without knowing which one was which. If given another opportunity, I would have also baked the cookies after 24 hours and after 72 hours in the refrigerator. This way, I could compare immediately after preparation, after 24 hours, after 48 hours, and after 72 hours to see how the cookies would taste. A survey was done with the 10 volunteers that tasted both cookies; it was found that the “refrigerator” cookies tasted better because they were more fluffy and chewy than the “immediate” cookies. “Replication is research that is repeated, sometimes using other procedures, settings, and...
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...four years the tomatoes have been grown in the same garden in the same soil as the summers past without replenishing the soil. This caused me to question whether or not the plants need more warmth, more water, or more nutrients. When considering all these factors I came to the hypothesis that the plants need more nutrients. Taking this into consideration I predicted that the old soil needed to be replaced with new fresh soil before planting the tomato plants this time around this making it so that the tomato plants will bear more tomatoes than in the summers past. In conclusion the plants grew more tomatoes once the old soil was replaced with new soil. As you can see in the graph below after doing this experiment my hypothesis was supported and my predictions were correct that with new fresh soil the plants would grow a lot more tomatoes. For my second experiment using scientific method with an everyday life situation I observed that everyday the TV in my kids’ room turns off on its own. I started to question if my kids were turning the TV off without me knowing or if the TV was starting to go bad or lastly if there was a problem with the outlet I have it plugged into. I began to start my hypothesis wondering if I needed to replace the TV or if I needed to have my landlord test the outlets electrical strength. I decided to check the electrical outlet first by plugging the TV into a different outlet for the day to see if it would turn off or stay on as long as I didn’t turn...
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...Rosio Cortez Cdec 113 Tue 12:30-3:30 Toddler observation September 26, 2012 Observation #3 The approximate age of the child I was observing today was about 2 year old male. The location where I had observed him was at the park about noon time. The 2 year old boy was playing at the park with other children of different ages maybe between the ages of 2-5 years old. The 2 year old boy started to throw sand at the other kids while they were all playing in the playground; he was doing it just for fun. His mother ordered him to stop and he seemed not to listen to his mother when she has asked him to please stop. After two to three minutes that she had ordered him to stop she when over to the playground and picked him up and left the park letting him know the reason why they were leaving. The whole way back to her car the little boy was kicking and screaming because she had picked him up and took him away from the other kids playing in the playground. His mother got him to stop crying after a while and took him right back to the playground to play with the kids again but this time without throwing sand at the them. This toddler try’s to exert power over the parent by crying and kicking in order for his mother to let him go back and play at the park. The child dose succeed by doing so because he ended up going back to the park but this time with a whole different attitude. The signs that this child showed in developing autonomy was just being negative throwing sand at other...
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...Item A How male and female pupils and teachers act towards each other has a major effect on pupils experiences of education. Sociologists are interested in the reason why gender relations take the form they do and their relationship to classroom interaction, subject choice, achievement and identity. Gender relations affect many areas of school life, such as parents evenings governors meetings, senior management decision making, appointments and promotions, as well interactions in the classroom and staff room schools have gender equality policies. As a result, pupils and teachers may disguise their real attitudes towards gender and this may make it difficult for the researcher to get at the truth. Sociologists are interested in the reasons for gender differences in subject choice. These include primary socialisation in the home peer group pressure, subject images and gender career opportunities. Question: Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the strengths and limitations of participant observation for the study of gender relations in schools. There are two types of observation, covert and overt. The difference between them is that covert observation is when the people being observed do not know they’re being watched or studied, and overt observation is when they have been told and given consent to be observed by the researcher. Observation can also be done in two ways. This is called participant and non-participant observation. In participant...
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...Intercontinental University The Green Movement Purpose: The purpose of this lab report is to demonstrate how changes in abiotic factor such as changes in precipitation patterns can influence plant populations. Introduction: During this observation I was observe ring the plant species called Kentucky Blue Grass. In this observation I will show how changes in the weather can affect the population of the grass. I will also explain how this may have some effect on Global Warming as well. Hypothesis: My hypothesis of this lab was that if you have more rain the population of the grass will greatly increase. Along with decent to great weather to help the grass grows and become healthy. Methods: There were three different times that I changed the rainy season to last The first experiment the rainy season lasted 150 days for five years, the next season lasted 100 days for five years and the last rainy season as set to last 50 days for five years. Results: My hypothesis was correct to a certain extent. I would think that the cooler the temperature the better the population but it seems that the warner the weather is when the biggest population occur. Discussion/Analysis: During the first observation I changed the rainy season to last 150 days. When the experiment started the temperature outside was 30 degrees and the population of the grass started at 500,000. As the first year went on the population slowly raised but for the most part stayed the same. When you...
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