...Personal Assessments Chapters 9-12 Chapter 9 What Is Your Risk for Heart Disease? Coronary Disease Risk Prediction Score Sheet for Women Based on Total Cholesterol Level Step 7 - Adding Up the points Points Age - 3 Total Cholesterol - 1 HDL Cholesterol - 1 Blood Pressure - 2 Diabetes - 0 Smoker - 0 Point Total -7 Step 8 – 10 yr. CHD Risk Total – 6%. According to the book for men of the same age have a 5% average CHD risk and the low risk is 3%. Ok so according to this I’m doing ok just need to adjust my diet to get it to that 5% range or lower. Chapter 10 Thinking About Chronic Illness 1. I would only be thinking about how do I tell my daughter 2. Me being the person that I am, I would do my best to make the student feel very comfortable in the “new” her, by first giving pleasantries to her and tell her how good it is see her back and give her well wishes in this tough Health 101 class . I would be doing this while giving those that I overheard direct eye contact letting them know my distaste with their comments 3. I would have a family meeting and let them know my situation and explain that life as ordinary is going to change and that I am going to need to lean on their strength as we as a unit get through this difficult time and I need their patience and understanding as I put all my focus and concentration on my well-being. 4. Being that I’m very active and have loads of energy, I would probably accept the fact that it’s no longer a secret, embrace...
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...FON 241 LL Lab 7 Lipid and Blood Cholesterol Analysis Name: ___Tonya Hembree______ Questions: 1. Using the blood work data, does Mr. Doe exhibit high blood cholesterol? Quantify your answer with supported data. (5 pts.) Normal cholesterol >200. Borderline is 200-239 High risk is 240 <. Mr. Doe is at 249mg/dl. He is at risk for heart disease. 2. It is recommended that total blood cholesterol be below 200 mg/dL. How does Mr. Doe’s level compare to the recommendation? (5 pts.) Mr. Doe’s level is extremely high putting him at risk for heart disease. 3. It is recommended that HDL cholesterol be greater than 40 mg/dL. How does Mr. Doe’s level compare to the recommendation? (5 pts.) Mr. Doe’s HDL is low at 34H mg/dl compared to 40-59 limits...
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...Company profile Akij Food and Beverage Ltd. “Brings Quality in Life”. 1. History: Akij Food & Beverage Ltd. (AFBL) a unit of Akij Group started its operation in the year 2006. AFBL manufactures a wide range of Snacks and Beverage for both National & International market alike. AFBL is a project worth $ 70 million& is funded by the parental company Akij Group. AFBL started its production at 400 bph in the carbonated soft drinks line and 300 bph in the juice line. In a span of one and a half years we have increased our capacity to 1800 bph. At present our capacity; one is at the ground breaking rate of 1900 bph. So in approximately three years time our capacity has increased three folds. During this same period most of our brands became either number one or are almost on the verge of becoming number one in their respective categories. Most of our machineries have been imported from world famous brands as Krones, Tetra Pak, Alfalaval, Sipa, and Husky to achieve the best quality. The history of Akij Group stretches back to later part of the forties. In its infancy, the Group started in humble way with jute trading which was known as the golden fiber of the country, earning highest amount of foreign exchange. Akij Group's ceaseless efforts with dynamic management and support from our numerous clients have led our Group in diversifying its business activities. In the second phase, the Group went into manufacturing...
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...Antibodies are formed from protein. Antibodies fight potential diseases and viruses. Enzymes are a form of proteins that helps break down and digest food. Proteins transport oxygen through the body. Proteins form hair and nails. Animals’ hooves, horns, scales, feathers, and other animal parts are formed from protein (National Institutes of Health, 2011). Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The three elements are essential for the body to function properly. Essential fatty acids cannot be made by the human body. These come from foods or vitamins. The Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids work together to maintain the overall health of the body. These fatty acids work against heart disease and strokes. Good cholesterol is promoted by these fatty acids. Bad cholesterol decreases due to Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids. The chance of bone loss is lowered by the increase of calcium that the body uses in response to the fatty acids. Lipids are not able to cross the plasma membrane. Lipids must be transported by protein carriers (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p.48) Carbohydrates fuel the body. The body converts food into sugar. The sugar produces the energy the body needs to function. The sugars contribute to the cells, organs, and tissue. There are three different types of carbohydrates. There are starches, sugar, and fiber. Starches contain grains. Grains contain bran, germ, and endosperm. Bran contains fiber and minerals. Germ has several nutrients and essential fatty acids...
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...Sciences Cholesterol: Genetic, Clinical and Natural Implications Tanwi Priya1, Shashank Maurya2, Kishwar Hayat Khan3* 1, 2 3. School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India. Assistant Professor (Senior), Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India. ABSTRACT Cholesterol is a lipid that has multiple functions. It is of great importance for cell membrane structure and function in vertebrates. Metabolites of cholesterol viz. bile salts, steroid hormones and oxysterols, fulfill important biological functions. Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is caused by an imbalance between cholesterol secretions into the blood and its uptake. This article is totally based on literature survey. The authors clearly explained the types of cholesterol, their functions and actions. They explored the cholesterol at molecular level by considering genes that regulate it. A number of diseases related to cholesterol were also highlighted. Plants products which can reduce the level of cholesterol were also explored. Moreover drugs that reduce cholesterol were also focused upon and the plant products which can act as their alternative were explained. Control of cholesterol through gene expression was also discussed. The aim of writing this article is to create awareness among the readers worldwide regarding the impact of cholesterol on their...
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...help you determine if Eugene’s loss of consciousness was from a chemical imbalance or something else? Eugene’s vitals are pulse rate of 110 bpm, blood pressure 135/80, respirations 25/min, and blood oxygen saturation 97 percent. Eugene is a chronic alcoholic and he is also a diabetic. He also has pancreatitis. CBC and chemistry results show that his electrolytes are below normal. His blood pH is 7.28 which is acidic. His blood glucose levels would be helpful because if that was normal than it would be evident that his loss of consciousness was from alcohol and not a chemical imbalance. D. Linda mentioned Eugene’s elevated cholesterol. Which kind of lipid is cholesterol? What other molecules related to cholesterol may be affected by an imbalance of cholesterol in Eugene’s body? How might this be related to Eugene’s low blood sugar? Cholesterol is a steroid. Bile salts,...
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...Article 1|| Heart Doctor Explains Cholesterol Levels In this artic Dr. Suzanne Steinbaumle (Steinbaum, 2016) explains what cholesterol is, how it affects a female body and the differences between “good” and “bad” cholesterol. Cholesterol comes from two sources: your body and food. Your liver and other cells in your body make about 75 percent of blood cholesterol. The other 25 percent comes from the foods you eat. Cholesterol is only found in animal products. Understanding how cholesterol affects the female body and how females can regulate their good cholesterol and counteract the bad cholesterol will allow doctors to understand the differences between patients that could benefit from using the new drug. The new cholesterol guidelines advise doctors to consider a patient’s overall health in treatment decisions. And that’s why one of the biggest changes in the cholesterol guidelines could lead to more people taking cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins (Steinbaum, 2016). Article 2|| High Cholesterol In this article Dr. Andrew Weil explains the desirable levels of cholesterol, HDL or protective cholesterol, LDL or bad cholesterol and the triglyceride levels: Desirable levels of total cholesterol are 200 mg per deciliter of blood or less; levels between 200 mg/dL and 239 mg/dL are considered borderline high; 240 mg/dL or higher is considered high cholesterol and raises your risk of heart disease to twice what it would be if your total cholesterol were 200 mg/dL or lower (Weil...
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...Company profile Akij Food and Beverage Ltd. “Brings Quality in Life”. 1. History: Akij Food & Beverage Ltd. (AFBL) a unit of Akij Group started its operation in the year 2006. AFBL manufactures a wide range of Snacks and Beverage for both National & International market alike. AFBL is a project worth $ 70 million& is funded by the parental company Akij Group. AFBL started its production at 400 bph in the carbonated soft drinks line and 300 bph in the juice line. In a span of one and a half years we have increased our capacity to 1800 bph. At present our capacity; one is at the ground breaking rate of 1900 bph. So in approximately three years time our capacity has increased three folds. During this same period most of our brands became either number one or are almost on the verge of becoming number one in their respective categories. Most of our machineries have been imported from world famous brands as Krones, Tetra Pak, Alfalaval, Sipa, and Husky to achieve the best quality. The history of Akij Group stretches back to later part of the forties. In its infancy, the Group started in humble way with jute trading which was known as the golden fiber of the country, earning highest amount of foreign exchange. Akij Group's ceaseless efforts with dynamic management and support from our numerous clients have led our Group in diversifying its business activities. In the second phase, the Group...
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...points (~50 questions) Understanding Disease Risk Factors Describe the differences between a chronic disease and infectious disease. What leading causes of death are nutrition-related? A) heart diseases, cancers, strokes, diabetes Describe the concept of a risk factor. A) Factors known to be related to diseases, but have not yet proven to be a cause. We say that a certain factor puts us at increased risk for a disease, but does not cause it. How does one use risk factors? Review the basics of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Be ready to identify the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (especially diet-related risk factors!) A) High LDL blood cholesterol, low HDL blood cholesterol, high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes, obesity (central obesity), physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, diet: high saturated or trans fats, low veggies, low fruits, low whole grains Describe the dietary strategies to reduce risk of CVD through diet. A) Decrease saturated and trans fat, increase soluble fiber intake, increase fruits and veggies, increase whole grains/ decrease refined grains, increase fish intake (2 servings/week) What is the TLC diet and what does it entail? A) TLC = Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes. From the NIH, designed to help decrease cholesterol through diet and lifestyle changes: the same changes we saw in table 11.6, also recommends 2 grams per day of plant sterols What do plant sterols have to do with high blood cholesterol? A) Plant sterols – the...
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...Managing Cholesterol So many factors that deal with our health are predetermined through genetics, race, and culture. These cannot be changed as they are intertwined into our being and cannot be changed. Just because they cannot be changed does not mean that they cannot be treated or kept in a state of remission so to speak. Because you have markers in your genetic makeup that say you are at risk for certain diseases or health risks does not meant that you have to sit idly by and do nothing. There are plenty of daily habits that can decrease or increase your chances of health risks, even if you are or are not at a genetic disadvantage. High cholesterol is currently affecting over 34 million Americans with only about 1 in 500 resulting from being inherited through genetics. These numbers are of epic proportion and we as a population should be doing more to reduce these numbers. To understand effects of cholesterol first there needs to be an understanding of what it is and how it affects the body. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is produced in the body and obtained from foods that come from animals (particularly egg yolks, meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products). The body needs this substance to build cell membranes, make certain hormones, and produce compounds that aid in fat digestion. Too much cholesterol, however, increases a person's risk of developing heart disease. Cholesterol is made up of three things high-density lipoprotein(HDL), low-density...
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...ACKNOWLEGEMENT Preparing a term paper is not very easy. We faced many problems when we started the work on the report but we are greatly thankful to Almighty Allah for enabling us to get successfully through our responsibilities. Very warm and special thanks to our respected course instructor Kashfia Ahmed for assigning this task to us. We would like to give thanks especially to our friends and group members, for their enthusiastic encouragements and helps during the preparation of this term paper by sharing ideas regarding this subject and for their assistance in typing and proof reading this manuscript. Executive summary The summary describes the history of the "Taara Refined Soyabean Oil" and the target market of this product, its strengths and weakness of how the customer buying pattern influenced by factors. This report tells us that how we launch a new soyabean oil brand in the market, how the company selects their target market, how they select their brand name, logo, logo color, slogan, how its pricing strategy, brand sense, brands elements, factors influence the customer buying pattern. It also mentions that what are the packages of soyabean oil launch into the market according to customers need and affordability. What pricing strategies usually followed by "Taara Refined Soyabean Oil" marketing programs and promotional activities are clearly and briefly covered in the report. Another vital element is finding its SWOT and PEST analysis specifically what...
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...promotes atherosclerosis and increases the levels of blood clotting factors, such as fibrinogen. Also, nicotine raises blood pressure, and carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that blood can carry. Exposure to other people’s smoke can increase the risk of heart disease even for nonsmokers. Diet Several aspects of people’s dietary patterns have been linked to heart disease and related conditions. These include diets high in saturated fats and cholesterol, which raised blood cholesterol levels and promote atherosclerosis. High Salt or sodium in the diet causes raised blood pressure levels. Physical Inactivity Physical inactivity is related to the development of heart disease. It also can impact other risk factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, a low level of HDL (good) cholesterol, and diabetes. Regular physical activity can improve risk factor levels. Obesity Obesity is excess body fat. It is linked to higher LDL (bad) cholesterol and triglyceride levels and to lower HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Alcohol Excessive alcohol use leads to an increase in blood pressure, and increases the risk for heart disease. It also increases blood levels of triglycerides which can contribute to atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease is a catchall term describing diseases or conditions related to the heart and blood vessels. Heart disease, stroke and high blood pressure are the most common types of CVD. Almost 60 million Americans...
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...Drug Study Atorvastatin(lipitor) fourty mg one tablet once a day at HS eight pm DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Atorvastatin is an oral drug that lowers the level of cholesterol in the blood. It belongs to a class of drugs referred to as statins, which includes lovastatin (Mevacor), simvastatin, (Zocor), fluvastatin (Lescol), and pravastatin (Pravachol) and rosuvastatin (Crestor). All statins, including atorvastatin, prevent the production of cholesterol in the liver by blocking HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that makes cholesterol. Statins reduce total cholesterol as well as LDL cholesterol in blood. LDL cholesterol is believed to be the "bad" cholesterol that is primarily responsible for the development of coronary artery disease. Reducing LDL cholesterol levels retards progression and may even reverse coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin also raises the concentrations of HDL ("good") cholesterol that protects against coronary artery disease and reduces the concentration of triglycerides in the blood. Indications Reduce risk of stroke & heart attack in type 2 diabetes patients without evidence of heart disease but with other risk CV factors Reduce risk of stroke, heart attack and revascularizations procedures in patients without evidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) but with multiple risk factors other than diabetes (eg, smoking, HTN, low HDL-C, family history of early CHD) Patients with CHD to reduce risks of MI, stroke, revascularization procedures, hospitalization...
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...Gallbladder Disease The gallbladder is a sac located under the liver. It stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver. Bile aids in the digestion of fats, and is released from the gallbladder into the upper small intestine (duodenum) in response to food, especially fats. In the intestine, bile emulsifies fat, which prepares it for digestion, and then carries it into the cells so it can continue to be metabolized. The function of the gallbladder can be slowed or stopped by disease of this organ. Dr. Hoffman states “Gallbladder disease is a modern illness, with an estimated twenty million Americans have gallbladder disease” (1). With so many Americans affected by this disease let’s take a look at the contributing risk factors associated with gallbladder disease. The cause and contributing risk factors for the development of gallbladder disease are as follows by Dr. Hoffman (1): • Heredity. Gallstones occur slightly more frequently in Mexican Americans and Native Americans but also common in people of northern European stock. • Age. Gallbladder disease often strikes people over sixty years of age. • Gender. In medical school, the “five F’s” help doctors to remember the usual patient with gallbladder disease: fair, fat, forty, fertile, and female. Sexist as it sounds, it describes the group most frequently affected by gallbladder disease: overweight middle-aged white women with a history of several pregnancies. Excess estrogen may be implicated, since hormone replacement...
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...the pharmacist including parameters and knowledge of the test results. The furnishings I will need are chairs, tables, posters, and drawers or cases to keep and transport supplies. The supplies I will need are anything used for collection of samples including syringes and vials, or kits and devices used for less aggressive testing of cholesterol. 2. Regulations include that the site must be licensed to perform testing and must have a “Certificate of Waiver” license if it performs only waived tests. The sites must adhere to manufacturer’s instructions to perform the test, including “Good Laboratory Practice” such as trained personnel, competency, and evaluation. Must also agree to permit announced inspections of the site. 3. OSHA covers every aspect of workplace hazard avoidance. Regulations include health care workers and needle stick precautions, consistent use of personal protective equipment, and work practice and engineering controls in needle stick precautions. 4. Lipoproteins commonly tested for are LDL, HDL, and VLDL. LDL and HDL are the most important when discussing with a patient. 5. It is best to measure her total cholesterol and HDL. LDL can shoot up significantly after a meal. 6. Yes, her age, smoking, high blood pressure, and close relative put her as a candidate for CHD. 7. She has 4 countable NCEP factors: age, relative, smoking, and hypertension 8. Her 10 year risk score is 8%. 9. Her BMI is on the high side and she is overweight being close...
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