...research studies have been carried out by theorists identifying the impact of bereavement on different individuals. The earliest thorough study of grief and loss developed from Freud with his classic paper ‘Mourning and Melancholia’ (Freud 1917 cited in Payne et al 1999). Freud believed that for the bereaved to detach from the deceased one must work through their grief by reviewing memories and thoughts of the deceased (Ellman 2010). Other theorists have recently identified death and the importance of understanding it. 'Death is a natural progression from life. Most nurses will be exposed to the physical and emotional effects of this experience as they care for a dying patient. The nurse is taught how to provide support for the patient and family as they proceed through the stages of grief. Often, however the nurse may not realise his or her own need to grieve'. (Brosche 2003 p. 173). Although nurses try to remain professional whilst at work, once they are home and the uniform is removed , emotions that were kept at bay may begin to surface. The main purpose of this literature review is to identify the effects of patient death on nurses within a hospital setting, to recognise any impacts that this may have on them during work hours or in an outside environment, identifying helpful support mechanisms, training and...
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...in Change Management Individual Research Paper: Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Five Stages of Loss Xiaohan Liu Professor John C. Sivie July 11, 2013 Background Information In people’s life, it is usually to be seen that some tragedies happens. This may result in horrible experience because people have to cope with such tragedies for a long time. The tragedies may be health-related, family-related, job-related, accident-related, and so on. For example, if someone in your family is diagnosed with a chronic or terminal disease, it may be regarded as a tragedy in your life. It is not only physical accident, but also mental and emotional anguish. According to Torrey (2012), millions of new victims suffer medical mistakes and errors in healthcare every year. Hundreds of thousands die. More and more people feel debilitated for different reasons, and the medical mistakes result in life-changing, which are also tragedies. The effects of how people cope with tragedies may be a combination of physical, mental and emotional. Here is a question: if you are diagnosed with a terminal disease, or if your life quality is destroyed by a medical accident, how can you get past the anguish and grief? And what are you going to do to cope with the accident? Thus, it is necessary to have general guidelines to help you to understand and get through the grieving process, as well as set the stage to help you begin coping. Introduction The Five Stages of Grief and Loss were conducted by Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Grief was not a subject of scholarly attention until recently. Although assumed to be experienced since the beginnings of human attachments and separations, Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was the first one to make a thorough study of grief and loss. His early paper “Mourning and Melancholia”, published in 1917, is regarded as a classic text on bereavement (Mallon, 2008). He contributed the idea that grief is not “pathological” and that grief occurs not only for the loss of a loved one but also for things, values, and statuses (Walter & McCoyd, 2009). Since then, the study of grief had been popularized. More experts have specialized in the field and more publications regarding death and grief were released. Kübler-Ross, Doka, Bowlby, and Worden are just few names who had pioneered the study of grief and other related studies. And in fact, a new field of science had been found which includes the study of grief; that is thanatology. Indeed, the study of grief was granted what academic interest it had been lacking before. The sudden spurt of studies in this field has certainly increased people’s understanding of grief in certain aspects. But it is ironic that despite being a subject of thorough research, the experience of grief remains more or less a vague occurrence which people has to go through at some point in their lives. Attempts had been made in defining grief but the definitions given by different theorists still vary to...
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...A Child's Perception of Death Lisa Woolfolk Northcentral University Abstract Children do not perceive death is the same way as adults (citation). This paper examines a child’s perception of death and the development changes that children experience when trying to understand death. Articles by psychologists Maria H. Nagy and Sylvia Anthony are compared and contrasted to other scholarly articles on death and bereavement therapy, in particular therapy for children. Researchers Nagy and Anthony’s proposed model of children’s concepts of death shows the developmental changes children experience when trying to understand death. Their research is validated by Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development (citation). Piaget’s model is accepted by professional psychologists as a scholarly index of the cognitive development of children. Piaget’s theory supports articles by Nagy and Anthony (citation). Barbara Kane’s research supports Maria Nagy and Anthony’s developmental model, however Kane’s research disputes Nagy’s suggestion that children tend to personify death (citation). Finally, the research of Gerald P. Koocher is compared and contrasted to Nagy and Anthony’s article. Koocher’s research links Piaget’s developmental model to the development of the children's conceptualizations of death. Koocher’s article also suggests that culture is an important factor that influences the conceptualization of death (citation). My particular field of...
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...Running head: MOVIE FAMILY CARE PLAN Movie Family Care Plan Marcheta Hays University of Phoenix Movie Family Care Plan Introduction The intent of this paper is to assess and develop a care plan for a selected patient and their family. Attention will be directed to the family structure and function and the interactions between the patient and the family. SW is a single white female living New York City. She is a successful playwright in her thirties and her health status is free from disease or illness. There are no current physical manifestations of illness for SW; however she has had periods of psychotherapy for unresolved childhood issues and ineffective copying mechanisms. Family Members SW Age- mid thirties Sex –female Marital Status – engaged to CM Ethnicity- Caucasian Religion- Catholic Education- College degree Occupation – Professional playwright Interests and Hobbies – unknown VW Age- 60-70 Sex –female Marital Status – married to SJW Children – 3 female, 1male Ethnicity- Caucasian Religion- Catholic Education- some college Occupation – homemaker Interests and Hobbies – socializing with life-long friends the Ya-Yas SJW Age- 60 -70 Sex –male Marital Status – married to VW Children – 3 female, 1male Ethnicity- Caucasian Religion- Catholic Education- some college Occupation – Farmer Interests and Hobbies – unknown CM Age- mid thirties Sex –male Marital Status – engaged to VW Ethnicity- Caucasian Religion-...
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...following: b) Interpersonal issues in a family situation Try to identify the various components that are important to understand this situation from a psychological perspective, making sure that you refer to the relevant psychological theory. Analyse this case in the light of what you have studied in this course. Finally, explain what action you plan to take in this situation, giving your reasons. How might what you have studied help you intervene effectively in this situation. Introduction The area of psychology being vary vast, the scope of this paper is limited to the case study of an individual and the strained relationship within a family situation as occasioned by the person in question. This paper aims to describe the case at hand in a most in-depth manner as limited only to the knowledge of the writer with an attempt to understand it as best from a psychological perspective, considering relevant psychological theory and thought. The paper also aims to analyse the case with reflection on psychological development of the case with a special...
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...Late Adulthood and Death Paper Late Adulthood and Death The final years of an individual's lifespan mark the time for reflection of one's life while also spending time with family, including grandchildren, and maintaining physical and mental health throughout the entire stage of late adulthood. Quality of life in late adulthood is determined by genetics, the modification of destructive lifestyles and behaviors, and selecting healthier options not only throughout the earlier stages of development but especially in this stage for improvements to health and having an overall sense of well-being (Berger, 2009). Remaining socially active and independent for as long as possible instead of succumbing to isolating is key during this stage of adulthood (Berger, 2009). In the stage of late adulthood living socially active, healthy, and physically active lives while maintaining important family roles is very important , which illiminates some stressor of aging that may be brought on by negative and stereotypical thoughts of ageism which will assist in their premature decline. High quality medical care assisted by technology can provide aging adults comfort knowing they are helping to protect and safeguard younger generations as science learns from the older generations. Ageism and Stereotypes In late adulthood, there are a lot of stereotypes and misunderstandings of older adults (Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood, n.d.). Ageism and perceptions against someone’s...
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...problems in their lives. Some are saying that laughter is a smile that has taken on life. Laughter according to Oster (2009) is music of life. He believes that a patient with a well developed sense of humor had a better chance of recovery than a solid individual who seldom laugh. Sharing a chuckle is a reminder that although someone may be seriously ill, human beings are still more powerful than their disease and they can still have the power to overcome their illness. So even with laughter, it gives a person some much needed relief, increasing to store personal energy and developing the stress coping skills. And positive thinking builds resilience to stress and positive emotions strengthen the immune system. Laughter could not only help the physical health of a person but it also can help him in coping stress. Laughter is considered as the most common and effective way in coping stress. Studies show that laughter can make a person young. It can avoid the aging effect of stress, help in being optimistic, and assist a person surpass his problems. Nowadays, people are experiencing stress, and for those who can’t cope with it, sometimes it can lead to death. But, what is stress? How does it affect the mindset of the people especially to those who has professions? How do these people cope up with stress? Stress may be defined as a neutral physiological phenomenon which is part of a person’s daily life and work. More specifically, it is defined as a general adaptive syndrome...
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...Acute Stress Disorder Brett D. Klawitter Liberty University Abstract Acute Stress Disorder or ASD is a phenomenon that happens during or shortly after a traumatic event. It can affect people in many different ways but it is usually debilitating for up to one month. There has been controversy and stigma attached to the diagnosis of ASD since it was first added to the DSM-IV. This paper will illustrate the definition of ASD, the diagnostic guidelines, the difference between ASD and Acute Stress Reaction (ASR), symptoms and effective treatments, the impact of ASD and the coping skills needed to successfully get through it, and a biblical story and perspective about stress disorders. What is ASD and is it an appropriate response to trauma? Key words: Acute Stress Disorder, Acute Stress Response, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, DSM-IV, DSM-V, Symptoms, Treatment, God Acute Stress Disorder Introduction Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) was introduced in the DSM-IV as a way to describe reactions a short time after a traumatic event, usually within the first month and possible precursor to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). ASD is the official diagnosis to evaluate the Acute Stress Response (ASR) but there are some differences. ASD is defined as symptoms that manifest during the time period of two days to four weeks after a traumatic event. There has been some changes to ASD as the DSM has been updated in the past year to DSM-V. Also it is important to mention that ASD is...
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...ATTITUDE AND INFERTILITY Infertility can have a serious impact on both the psychological well-being and the social status of women in the developing world. As a result of their infertile status, they suffer physical and mental abuse, neglect, abandonment, economic deprivation and social ostracism as well as exclusion from certain social activities and traditional ceremonies. This becomes particularly traumatic with previous pregnancies that end in abortions, stillbirths and neonatal/infant deaths or in live births of daughters only. A survey conducted in Southern Ghana revealed that the majority (64%) of women felt stigmatized, and that higher levels of perceived stigma were associated with increased infertility-related stress as well as lower levels of education, (Donkor and Sandall J., 2007). Insufficient family income, poor quality of life, life stress, and discontentment with daily routines as well as ‘bad’ relationships with family members (husband, mother- and father-in-law) are significant correlates of female infertility. Infertile women are more likely to underestimate the importance of sexual intimacy, and have a negative attitude towards sex, (Schmidt, 2010). Female infertility is associated with various social correlates leading to higher remarriage rates and to further complicating the problem of infertility. Thus, a correction of women’s basic attitudes and their relationships to their surrounding social habitat should be an essential component of any program...
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...Parental Grief Also, sometimes a parent's love makes them unable to let go. I've seen so many parents put their needs above their infant's because they just can't bear to suffer the grief of losing a child. It's heartbreaking when you can see parents in total denial and you know that the end will come one way or another but they just can't accept it. I don't know if that's the case here or not, but it's certainly a possibility. Parental Grief The theme of parental mourning has been a universal one throughout the centuries. In the literature on bereavement, writers repeat certain themes, thoughts, and reflections; they talk of the powerful and often conflicting emotions involved in "the pain of grief and the spiral of mourning; [they refer to] the heartbreak at the heart of things...grief's contradictions"; they speak of parents devastated by grief (Moffat 1992, xxiii). It is frequently said that the grief of bereaved parents is the most intense grief known. When a child dies, parents feel that a part of them has died, that a vital and core part of them has been ripped away. Bereaved parents indeed do feel that the death of their child is "the ultimate deprivation" (Arnold and Gemma 1994, 40). The grief caused by their child's death is not only painful but profoundly disorienting-children are not supposed to die. These parents are forced to confront an extremely painful and stressful paradox; they are faced with a situation in which they must deal both with the grief caused...
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...General Practitioner Paper SWK 6370 10/3/2014 | Assessment (Hepworth, 2013, p. 192-193) Client is Ms. Juana Hernandez, though Will County Health Department, made referral to Joliet Area Community Hospice- it increasingly hard to cope with her 9 year old son’s death. As the anniversary of his death comes near, client has thoughts of suicide and finds it unbearable to face the fact that her son is dead. Ms. Hernandez is 38, single mom, and has two daughters, ages 5 and 8. She lives in a two bedroom apartment. * Ms. Hernandez is currently facing legal problems for driving on a suspended license. Client drives to and from appointments; thus raising concerns. Client is currently being treated for suicidal thoughts related to her son’s death. She reports that she’s taking all prescribed medications and has no thoughts of hurting herself and/or others. * Ms. Hernandez also expresses concerns for her other two daughters in the household. The girls are 5 and 8 years old. Recently her daughter (5 year old) had been playing in her room unattended and somehow managed to fall from the second floor window. The daughter told her mother that her deceased brother told her to play with him. The client acknowledges that she and her 5 year old daughter are being medically treated for Bipolar Disorder. Client has also been diagnosed with Schizophrenia. * She was sexually assaulted as a teenager and has not sought counseling to cope with the effects of the assault. Client appears...
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...for translational research linking basic knowledge about vulnerabilities that underlie mood disorders to the development of effective preventive interventions. This paper highlights research about risk factors for depression in children and adolescents and links it to current knowledge about interventions aimed at preventing depression in youth. Basic epidemiologic and clinical research indicates that increased risk for depression is associated with being female; a family history of depression, particularly in a parent; subclinical depressive symptoms; anxiety; stressful life events; neurobiological dysregulation; temperament/personality (e.g., neuroticism); negative cognitions; problems in self-regulation and coping; and interpersonal dysfunction. These vulnerabilities both increase individuals’ chances of encountering stress and decrease their ability to deal with the stress once it occurs. Although several existing depression-prevention studies have targeted one or more of these risk factors, the efficacy of these various prevention programs for youth with different combinations of these risk factors needs to be investigated further. Most existing depression-prevention programs in youth have used cognitive– behavioral techniques, with some success. Other depressionprevention strategies have included training in coping, social problem solving, social skills, communication skills, and parenting. A comprehensive prevention program is recommended that includes multiple intervention...
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...NCLEX-RN® DETAILED TEST PLAN 2010 NCLEX-RN Detailed Test Plan ® Effective | April 2010 Item Writer/Item Reviewer/Nurse Educator Version Mission Statement The National Council of State Boards of Nursing, composed of member boards, provides leadership to advance regulatory excellence for public protection. Purpose and Functions The purpose of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN ) is to provide an organization through which boards of nursing act and counsel together on matters of common interest and concern affecting the public health, safety and welfare, including the development of licensing examinations in nursing. ® The major functions of NCSBN include developing the NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN examinations, performing policy analysis and promoting uniformity in relationship to the regulation of nursing practice, disseminating data related to NCSBN’s purpose and serving as a forum for information exchange for NCSBN members. ® ® Copyright© 2010 National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN) All rights reserved. NCSBN , NCLEX , NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN are registered trademarks of NCSBN and this document may not be used, reproduced or disseminated to any third party without written permission from NCSBN. ® ® ® ® Permission is granted to boards of nursing to use or reproduce all or parts of this document for licensure related purposes only. Nonprofit education programs have permission to use or reproduce all or parts of this document...
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...LESSEN THE IMPACT OF DIVORCE Michael Jennings DeVry University Lessen the Impact of Divorce Charlie is 9 years old and lives in a single parent home where the parent works to support the family, where not much time is spent with Charlie, who must figure certain things out on his own. Where does Charlie go after school? If no one is home having Charlie home alone is not a very good option. If siblings or friends are there but, no adult is present during the after school hours, home is still not a very good option. The term “latch-key” kid is one who has their own key to their home and is expected to be home with minimal supervision. Once a child reaches a certain responsible age, being a latch-key kid often makes sense. Charlie must get home safe from school, stay out of trouble, and complete his homework, with little to no adult supervision. After-school activities should be available to Charlie because he may not be responsible enough or his parents may not trust him to be home alone yet. Everyone is affected by the consequences of parental divorce, especially the children involved. In any society, the children are the future. In the United States alone, 40 to 50% of first marriages end in divorce, according to the American Psychological Association. As citizens of the United States, we are all stakeholders of our future and should care about the well-being of all our children, especially those of disadvantaged environments such as parental divorce. Additional resources...
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