...Stages of the Research Process ES/351 July 21, 2015 Stages of the Research Process The first stage in the research process is critical in capturing information data and evidence that will solidify a business research. The two articles chosen for this paper from the University library are bullying and no child left behind act in regards to American schools. The paper will state the purpose of the research and determine the research questions and hypotheses for each article. Hypothesis occurs when a proposition is formulated for empirical testing, and a research question is the hypothesis that best states the objective of the research (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). “A declarative statement about the relationship between two or more variables, a hypothesis is of a tentative and conjectural nature” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014, pg58). In addition, the paper will identify the independent and dependent variables being manipulated or measured for each article. “The general research process contains three major stages, exploration of the situation, the collection of data, and analysis and interpretation of results” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014, pg139). The critical first stage is to clarify the research question. A better way to approach the research process is to state the basic dilemma, which will prompt the research to develop other questions by progressively breaking down the original question into more specific ones (Cooper &...
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...Income inequality is one of the big issues in 21st century. Unequal distribution of income in society is considered to be an obstacle to economic growth. The income allocation of a country’s population can be measured by a Gini coefficient. The value of Gini coefficient can be between 0 and 1 and used to define the income gap between the rich and the poor. The value 0 shows perfect equality and value 1 illustrates perfect inequality. The US can be an example of country with high income inequality. The US Gini coefficient has risen by 20% between 1979 and 2010 (Frizell, 2014). Factors like family structure (i.e. how many earners are there in family), technology (i.e. changes the way that we live), and immigration (i.e. changes the supply of...
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...2. MEASURING CO-MOVEMENTS OF INCOME IN BRAZIL AND THE ROLE OF MACROECONOMICS In this paper we investigate the dynamics of income inequality among Brazilian states by applying the Bayesian Dynamic Factor Model described in (OTROK; WHITEMAN, 1998) and (KOSE; OTROK; WHITEMAN, 2003) to Gini indexes over the 1976-2014 period. Our results indicate that the common factor accounts for 48 percent of the Gini index co-movements; the richest states are more exposed. We found that macroeconomic stability is negatively correlated to the common factor, meaning that stability is inequality-decreasing. The deciles analysis suggests that inequality is related to lack of business cycles synchronization. Keywords: business cycles; bayesian analysis; income inequality...
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...can be a cause and effect therefore, throughout the paper the three causes will be explained and three effects will follow. Three Main Points From the research not all marriages fail for the same reasons one of the causes of divorce are communications problems. This may occur before the couple come together as one. Couples don’t communicate because of pressing issues that each individual may be experiencing or if the expectations was not clear from the beginning of the relationship. Also, talking about your feelings in a marriage is important because then you can figure out exactly how to improve in a relationship but if they are not discussed than this to can fail a marriage. Also, if a couple does not communicate pre-marital issues before tying the knot then they will realize during the marriage things should have been set before. Therefore, these issues can get worst during the marriage. Financial issues are a huge reason divorces occur often. In marriages financial hardships hurts marriages because of unemployement, uncertainty, unequal financial position, and excessive spending. With each of these factors it causes disagreements between a relationship and financial support fails. When unemployment occurs whether it is short term or long term some of the effects are depression, blame, panic, anxiety, fear, and the worse thing is feeling helpless. Blaming the unemployed spouse for the issue can ruin a marriage. Unequal financial position is another financial issue. For...
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...of engaging students. In classrooms all across America, students are busy completing a wide variety of assignments their teachers have set out for them. These types of activities can include traditional methods such as answering mathematical problems from textbooks with pencil and paper, to answering standard review questions written in a student’s social studies book. This type of teaching method and assignments generally require less stress upon the teacher to create strategies and assessments for their students. One could ask, is this method a bad thing? If this same question were asked to many teachers in our educational system, the answer would be emphatically, yes! In the world of ever evolving technology, students need to have activities that mandate them to use higher order thinking skills, which ultimately begins with student engagement. Dr. Adela Solis (2008) states “To create schools that work for all children, we need teachers to teach for engagement. Two things are clear from the education literature about this matter: student engagement is a prerequisite of student learning, and for learning to be truly meaningful students have to be cognitively engaged.” This paper will seek to contrast traditional methods of instruction with that of more current strategies that seek to engage...
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...Internet and Information Paper Melinda Whitfield HUM/176 07/04/2014 Janet Swiggart University of Phoenix Hello friend I am writing this letter to you to explain the ease of finding information on the Internet. I will also identify ways you can check the reliability of the information found. Not leaving out the part, you asked about the term digital divide. This letter will end with me telling you ways to bridge the digital divide gap and I hope you will have everything you need to know on Internet and Information. According to (computer hope.com), “Most information is found on the Internet by utilizing search engines. A search engine is a web service that uses web robots to query millions of pages on the Internet and creates an index of those web pages. Internet users can then use these services to find information on the Internet”. (www. Computer Hope.com) As researched by (Robert Harris) “Information is everywhere on the Internet existing in large quantities and continuously being created and revised. This information exists in a large variety of kinds (facts, opinions, stories, interpretations, and statistics) and is created for many purposes (to inform, to persuade, to sell, to present a viewpoint, and to create or change an attitude or belief). For each of these various kinds and purposes, information exists on many levels of quality and reliability. It ranges from very good to very bad and includes every shade in...
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...Theory and Research in Education http://tre.sagepub.com/ Individual choice and unequal participation in higher education Kristin Voigt Theory and Research in Education 2007 5: 87 DOI: 10.1177/1477878507073617 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tre.sagepub.com/content/5/1/87 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Theory and Research in Education can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tre.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tre.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://tre.sagepub.com/content/5/1/87.refs.html >> Version of Record - Feb 13, 2007 What is This? Downloaded from tre.sagepub.com at Templeman Lib/The Librarian on January 28, 2013 . . TRE Individual choice and unequal participation in higher education k ri st i n vo i g t Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, UK a b s t rac t Does the unequal participation of non-traditional students in higher education indicate social injustice, even if it can be traced back to individuals’ choices? Drawing on luck egalitarian approaches, this article suggests that an answer to this question must take into account the effects of unequal brute luck on educational choices. I use a framework based on expected utility theory to analyse qualitative studies on educational choice.This reveals...
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...In William Domhoff’s article, Wealth, Income, and Power, he examines wealth distribution in the United States, specifically financial inequality. He concludes that the wealthiest 10% of the United States effectively owns America, and that this is due in large part to an increase in unequal distribution of wealth between 1983 and 2004. Domhoff also states that the unequal wealth distribution is due in large part to tax cuts for the wealthy and the defeat of labor unions. Most of Domhoff’s information is accurate and includes strong, valid arguments and statements. However, there is room for improvement when identifying the subject of what is causing the inequality. The most important points made in Domhoff’s article are his statistics, the reason behind the unequal wealth distribution, and his closing statement concerning the top 10%. In his article, Domhoff cites many statistics regarding the distribution of wealth between America’s top and bottom percentiles. There is quite a bit of research to back up his claims, and his data is generally very accurate. However, when it comes to the cause of such gaps in wealth distribution, there is more to consider than simply tax cuts and labor unions. Domhoff begins with a broad overview of wealth distribution in the United States. He states that the top 1% held 34.6% of all privately held wealth, with 85% in the hands of the top 20%, leaving the bottom 80% in control of only 15% of privately held wealth. In terms of financial wealth...
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...| Suburban School Policy | Sociology 4560 | | | | Deosia Miller | 10/21/2014 | | Abstract A recent paper I wrote for this class led me to choose suburban school policy as my midterm paper. As I read about rising poverty, it made me think of the students in these suburbs and how they are affected by the economic shifts taking place. I found that suburban school policy has undergone changes as the demographic of the communities schools change. I was also found that other policy was indirectly responsible for some of the problems America’s suburbs are currently facing. Two top news stories in August – the tragedy in suburban Ferguson, Missouri, and the end of the white-student majority in U.S. public school enrollments nationwide – speak to the changing identity of our nation, our suburbs and our public schools. Most of us had never heard of Ferguson, Missouri until it experienced recent civil unrest this past August. As I became curious about the town, I found it was one of many that are experiencing a change from an all-white enclave to home for many Blacks and Hispanics. Indeed, American suburbs are in the midst of an identity crisis. In many metro areas, the affluent and the poor, people of color and whites, the well-educated and poorly educated are “trading places” across urban-suburban boundaries. In fact, the number of Americans living below the federal poverty line is now greater in the suburbs than the cities, and fewer than 20 percent of...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Home Page » Other Topics Poverty in the Philippines In: Other Topics Poverty in the Philippines POVERTY IN PHILIPPINES AMONG THE COLLEGE STUDENT Hannah Joyrose R. Abgona AAIM-1styr-Section1 ENGL.2 I. Introduction a. Outline I. Title “POVERTY IN PHILIPPINES AMONG THE COLLEGE STUDENT II. a.cause of poverty in the Philippines Poverty in the Philippines: Causes, Constraints, and Opportunities comprehensively analyzes the causes of poverty and recommends ways to accelerate poverty reduction and achieve more inclusive growth. The report provides an overview of current government responses, strategies, and achievements in the fight against poverty and identifies and prioritizes future needs and interventions. The analysis is based on current literature and the latest available data, including the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey. Other cause The incomplete land reform aiming at overthrowing the traditionally unequal agrarian society coupled with lack of support for farmers has been a long-lasting flaw in the governments’ development policies that can still massively reduce poverty in the Philippines. Thus, the role of the state remains central to redistribute more equally the wealth created in the country, in order to avoid leaving the poor behind. Supporting the extremely poor must be seen as a long-term investment...
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...Journal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.4, No.6, 2013 www.iiste.org Causes, Effects and Ways of Curbing Youth Restiveness in Nigeria: Implications for Counselling Happiness Ihuoma Igbo1* Innocent Ikpa2 1. Department of Educational Foundations, Benue State University Makurdi, Km 1, Gboko Road, PMB 102119, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. 2. Department of Educational Foundations, Benue State University Makurdi, Km 1, Gboko Road, PMB 102119, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. * E-mail of the corresponding author: hapigbo@yahoo.com Abstract The study was a survey designed to investigate causes, effects and ways of curbing youth restiveness in Nigeria. Three research questions were formulated. A total of 200 National Youth Service Corps members were sampled from 1200 Batch B 2012 Benue State. An instrument titled “Causes, Effects and Ways of Curbing Youth Restiveness Inventory” (CEWYI) was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The result revealed that youth restiveness is mostly caused by illiteracy, unequal distribution of national resources, poor child upbringing among others. The effects include upsurge of social vices and destruction of lives and properties while the result also revealed that it can be curbed through skill acquisition programmes and enlightenment against the phenomenon. The paper concluded that counselling could be an effective way of curbing youth restiveness in Nigeria. Keywords: Youth...
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...would make voting in a democratic parliamentary election mandatory for all citizens who meet the age requirement; failure to do so will result in a form of minor punishment such as a small fine. The theory behind compulsory voting is that it will increase participation in parliamentary election, thus creating a more legitimate representative democratic system. Current major democratic countries that currently employ an enforced compulsory voting system include Australia, Argentina, and Brazil. This paper will argue that voting should not be made compulsory in Canada, on the principles that there is no proof that increasing voter turnout will legitimize our representational democracy, and that we have the right to abstention. I will prove this argument by examining the political scholarship produced by Sara Birch, Justine Lacroix, and Annabelle Lever. The first academic journal I will be examining will be that of Sara Birch in her 2009 paper The Case for Compulsory Voting. In this paper, Birch is advocating that all democratic countries should implement a compulsory voting system. Birch’s primary point of reasoning behind this notion is that the electoral process has become illegitimate as a result of an unbalanced voter turnout in relation to age and class (Birch, 2009). Furthermore, she believes that by making voting a mandatory practice, it will increase “social, political, and procedural fairness.” (Birch, p.21). These three constituents form the basis for her argument. Political...
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... which highlights the sense of self that youth ranging from the age of 6 to 18 develop in school. In particular, it addresses the notion of how labeling children may likely lead to self-fulfilling prophesies. For instance, if a child is labeled as less capable or more incompetent than his fellow peers, his sense of self may plummet as a result and lead to him never performing to his maximum potential at any point in his academic career. The labeling theory resonates with the idea of tracking of students in the education system. Tracking in American education typically involves grouping and labeling sets of students as low-performing, average, or high-performing. Based on several previous studies in addition to the research carried out by the authors of the paper, The Economics of Tracking in Education, it is apparent that tracking “increases inequality without boosting efficiency.” In particular, one researcher stated that when comparing students categorized in the “upper group” in schools that utilize ability tracking, they outperformed similar students in other schools that did not use tracking. However, the same researcher also found that the students grouped into the lower ability category in the same schools that...
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...from should not determine the benefits or burdens we carry in society (Jenkins). However, racial inequality in America is a significant factor for income, education, geographic disparity, economic security, political representation, political participation, and many more. The growing income inequality, decrease in geographic mobility, and the growing racial tension are all factors that inhibit racial unity. Income inequality refers to wealth distribution in an uneven manner among population, the growing gap between the rich and the poor (Inequality.org). Economic inequality has increased greatly in America causing the rich to get richer and the poor stay poor. This is a product of lost opportunities and equality across races and genders. Unequal starts in life, racial discrimination, gender discrimination, ability, time, and education are all factors that perpetrate the growing income...
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...* About Us * Samples * FAQ * Our Prices * Order now * Writers * Contact Us We write: * Essays * Research Papers * Coursework * Thesis * Dissertations * Term Papers * UK Essays ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Count of pages: Number of words: Choose your academic level: Term: Discount Code (optional): Discount: 0% Price: $0 Bottom of Form The page includes: Essay Paper on Economics Essay Paper on Economics Social polarization grows as the poor become worse off, but as the wealthy become better off. One of the reasons for that is the shocking fact that the poor often pay more taxes, relatively, than do the rich. In Britain, for example, “the tax burden of the top fifth of earners has fallen from 37 percent to 35 percent in the last twenty years. In contrast, the tax burden of the bottom fifth has risen from 31 percent to 38 percent.” The other reason for social inequality nationally is imperfect income distribution. Thus, whereas 23.5 percent of all American workers received only poverty level wages in 1973, this had risen to 28.6 percent by 1997. Looked at another way, real wages for relatively low-paid workers fell by 22 percent between 1973 and 1995, and 10 percent for middle-range workers. Low-paid jobs grew by 22 percent in New York City between 1993 and 2000—four...
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