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Unilever Marketing

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Submitted By tjping84
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Marketing

Introduction:
Unilever have a long and profitable history in Brazil. After setting up in Brazil in 1929,Unilever set up their first plant in 1930 to manufacture Sunlight Soap. In 1957 OMO, the countries first detergent, was launched and grew to be Unilever’s most successful Brand commanding 52% of the market share.
Completing the detergent portfolio are Minerva, which is sold as both soap and detergent powder and Campeiro, their price based brand. Together the Unilever portfolio commands 81% of the market. Upon review of the company’s strategic options positive economic forces in Brazil have presented Unilever with the viable option of pursuing the low income consumer market. Currently their price based brand Campeiro is priced affordably but does not meet low income needs for perceived product attributes and as such only retains 6% of the market. Management are concerned this presents a chink in Unilever’s armour presenting anopportunity for Proctor and Gamble to attack and grow in this segment. Unilever had fallen victim to this strategy in India whereby a low priced detergent “Nirma” was developed andtargeted at low income consumers and quickly gained 48% of the market.

Brazil is a country with a population ofapproximately 170m. It’s predominately split into two regions, the northeast with a population of 48m and the southeast with a population of 73m. The northeast and the southeast regions vary greatlywith regards to a number of issues related to the detergent and soap markets. Firstly income and education levels vary, as do cultural values and norms. A PEST analysis of the North East can highlight some of the implications of these differences.

PEST Analysis
Political – N/A
Economic – Brazil is said to have experienced cycles of recessions and recoveries over thepast 30 years. The country made a significant economic leap with the Plano Real which saw the introduction of a new currency, the Reais which controlled inflation leading to a boomthat particularly benefitted low income consumers boosting their purchasing power by 27%. However, while Brazil’s per capita income was €4420, this was significantly lower in North Eastern Brazil at €2250 reflecting the developmental and economic divide between Northand South.
Socio-Cultural – The illiteracy levels in North Eastern Brazil are high above the national average at 40% which will impact communication and promotional strategies.
Technological - 72% of NE Brazilians don’t own a washing machine compared to 33% whodon’t have one in the South East.

Low Income Consumer
Behaviour in Northeast Brazil. NE Brazilians view issues relating to laundry very differently when compared to the SouthEast. Firstly, low income consumers wash their clothes more frequently in the NE (5 times versus 3.9 times a week) as LIC’s own fewer clothes and have more free time. This poses the opportunity of a 48 million consumer market that consumes a significant weekly amount of detergent/ laundry soap. Secondly, NE women view washing clothes as a social and enjoyable experience as opposed to SE women who view laundry as a chore. There is an opportunity for Unilever to exploit the social aspect of clothes washing in North East Brazil. Thirdly, and most importantly, NE and SE differ in the symbolic value they attach to cleanliness. Poor North easterners pride themselves in the level of cleanliness they can sustain despite their low income. Cleanliness, due to the labour intensiveness, is worn like abadge of honour and is seen as a dedication of the mother to her family. Alternatively, cleanliness, or lack thereof, can often be the source of gossip in the community. If marketed and branded appropriately, the team assert that Unilever can offer a brand to LIC’s that validate those consumers’ life-theme as good mothers

Investigacion de Mercado:

* Investigacion fáctica: * Investigacion de actitudes:

Conseguir con que el producto llegue al cliente:

* Política de distribución coherente.

OBJETIVO? * Market share? * Penetracion? * Rentabilidad?

MARCA * Ofrecer y comunicar una promesa al cliente * Crear confianza al cumplir esa promesa

* Propuesta de valor, declaración del posicionamiento * Manejar la marca: todas las actividades que forman las percepciones del cliente. * Contar una historia

Diseñando la estrategia de la marca:

1. Identificar las metas que el manejo de la marca pueda alcanzar. 2. Plasmar la cultura de la marca existente. a. Superioridad/comparación con marcas superiores b.

Implementación: plan de acción.

* Empaque * Publicidad * Politica de precio a largo plazo

Posicionamiento:

* Sér único en comparación con competencia * Debe ser creíble * Relevante, para el sector de consumidor dirigido

Ventajas de un buen posicionamiento: * Facilita elección * Mejores opciones para el consumidor

Reposicionamiento: cambio de propuesta de valor

Posicionamiento y estrategia de la empresa:

* Objetivos empresariales * Estrategia global de la empresa: competir eficazmente en determinados mercado

DIFERENCIACION
UPS: Unique selling proposition

Extencion de marca: teniendo en cuenta la legitimidad, y autoridad reconocidos por el mercado

Preguntas:

1. Describa las diferencias del comportamiento del consumidor entre los consumidores de productos de limpieza en Brasil. ¿Qué segmentos del mercado existen?

Diferencias

1. Consumidores del noreste:
• 53% vive con menos de dos salarios mínimos
• 28% de los hogares tiene lavadora
• Mujeres lavan en el fregadero o lavadero con barras de jabón
• Utilizan menos detergente y mucho más jabón en barra
• Mujeres consideran que lavar es una actividad rutinaria agradable
• Sienten orgullo del hecho de mantenerse limpios

2. Consumidores del sudeste:
• 21% viven con menos de dos salarios mínimos
• 67% de hogares tienen lavadora
• Mujeres usan detergente en polvo y suavizante en una lavadora
• Utilizan más detergente y menos barras de jabón
• Mujeres consideran que lavar es una obligación
• Tiene menos relevancia para la autoestima y el status social
Existen dos mercados claramente definidos: noreste con consumidores de baja renta y sudeste con consumidores de alto poder adquisitivo

2. ¿Debería Unilever sacar una nueva marca o utilizar una de sus marcas existentes para dirigirse al mercado del noreste de Brasil?

Para llegar a este mercado consideramos que sí, porque con una marca nueva de imagen fresca y llamativa lograríamos acaparar la atención en este segmento de mercado, ya que estaríamos ofreciendo valor a los consumidores de rentas bajas con un producto más barato y que proporcione las ventajas que estos desean situándolo entre Campeiro y Minerva.

3. ¿Cómo debe posicionarse la marca en el mercado y dentro de qué familia de marcas de Unilever?

Debe presentarse como un producto que está elaborado con la última tecnología de la empresa, lo cual permitió ahorrar en costos de fabricación y por lo tanto que el PVP sea más bajo. Debe de presentar características parecidas a las de OMO para que los clientes se den cuenta que se les está ofertando u producto de primera clase. Se lo debe posicionar dentro de la familia Minerva, ya que es un detergente que es aceptado y no se le considera malo, por este motivo los ciudadanos del noreste no se sentirán ofendidos por ofertarles un producto demasiado barato y con malas características.

4. ¿Qué Marketing Mix debe utilizarse para crear la marca en el mercado?

El Mix de Marketing que debería utilizar Unilever para crear una nueva marca, tomando en cuenta las condiciones de las personas del noreste de Brasil es:

Producto: El costo de fabricación del producto debe ser barato y el producto de buena calidad, el mismo que debe proporcionar un agradable aroma y a la vez que proporcione suavidad a la ropa, lo más recomendable sería utilizar bolsas plásticas que son más económicas; asimismo tiene que ser variado en tamaño y tipos para que las personas puedan elegir el producto con el cual mejor se acomoden

Precio: El precio debe ser accesible y según las características del mercado del noreste debe ser más elevado que el detergente Campeiro y menos costoso que el Minerva, con ello observarían que existe un equilibrio y que les conviene comprar el producto

Promoción: Para tener mayor acogida con la nueva marca se podría promocionar en la TV, como producto con una marca de calidad a bajo precio, porque los brasileños en general son deseosos telespectadores, además con esto no se confundiría a los consumidores, ya que pueden ser reacios a comprar el producto puesto que existen otras marcas, también un 30% de promociones comerciales como por ejemplo un 10% de producto más en cada presentación, o también organizar eventos y marketing en el punto de venta

Distribución: la mejor manera de llegar a los pequeños negocios que son los que más rentabilidad van a aportan a la empresa, y que están dispersos por el noreste sería implementar distribuidores especializados para que vendan exclusivamente productos Unilever, esta distribución debe ser directamente en las tiendas en las que compran los consumidores de rentas bajas ya que ellos raramente van a un supermercado.

UNILEVER EN BRASIL: ESTRATEGIAS DE MARKETING PARA CONSUMIDORES DE RENTA BAJA

Tres años de éxito en la división de cuidado personal de Unilever en Pakistán
Laercio Cardoso recibió una llamada de Robert Davidson, director de la de cuidado del hogar de Unilever en Brasil
Robert buscaba a alguien que explore las oportunidades de crecimiento en el marketing de detergentes a consumidores de renta baja en el noreste de Brasil.
Laercio tenía la antigüedad y las habilidades necesarias
El proyecto apodado como “todo el mundo”
Laercio organizó un equipo multidisciplinar y empezó a realizar extensos estudios de mercado de los consumidores de rentas bajas
Algunos empleados de la empresa consideraban que no debía competir en el extremo inferior del mercado
Incluso las empresas locales con menores estructuras de costes tenían problemas para recuperar costes

COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CONSUMIDOR
48 millones de habitantes del noreste de Brasil van por detrás de sus conciudadanos del sudeste en casi todos los indicadores de desarrollo.
Las mujeres del noreste lavan la ropa en el fregadero utilizando barras de jabón para ropa
Añaden legía para quitar las manchas resistentes y solo un poco de detergente en polvo al final, fundamentalmente para dar un buen olor a la ropa
En el sudeste las mujeres mezclan detergente en polvo y suavizante en una lavadora
Utilizan jabón en barra y lejía solo para quitar las manchas más resistentes.
Muchas mujeres del noreste consideran que lavar la ropa es una de sus actividades rutinarias agradables de la semana.
En el sudeste las mujeres consideran que lavar la ropa es una obligación y están interesadas fundamentalmente en mejorar la comodidad del proceso.
La gente en el noreste y en el sudeste difiere en cuanto al valor simbólico de la limpieza.
Muchos habitantes pobres del noreste se sienten orgullosos del hecho de que se mantienen limpios, ellos y sus familias, a pesar de su baja renta
En el sudeste, donde la mayoría de las mujeres tienen su propia lavadora, tiene mucho menos relevancia para la autoestima y el estatus social.

COMPETENCIA
En 1996, Unilever era líder claro en la categoría de detergente en polvo en Brasil lograda con tres marcas: Omo, Minerva y Campeiro.
Procter & Gamble tiene el 15 por ciento del mercado con tres marcas (Ace, Bold y Pop)
El mercado brasileño de lavado de ropa está compuesto por dos categorías: detergente en polvo y jabón en barra.
En 1996, el detergente en polvo era un mercado de 106 millones de dólares, en el noreste.
El mercado del noreste de jabón en barra es mucho más fácil de producir que el detergente en polvo
El jabón en barra es un producto multiusos que tienen muchas aplicaciones de cuidado personal y del hogar

DECISIONES
Robert Davidson y Laercio Cardoso tienen que volver a analizar la estrategia de Unilever para los consumidores de rentas bajas en la región noreste de Brasil y tomar tres decisiones.
Seguir adelante, no seguir adelante.- ¿deberia Unilever desviar dinero de sus marcas de grandes ventas para invertirlo en un segmento de menores márgenes?
Estrategia de marketing y de creación de marcas.- ¿necesita desarrollar una nueva marca con una nueva proposición de valor, o puede reposicionar sus marcas existentes o usar una extensión de la marca?
Marketing mix.- ¿Qué estrategia de precio, producto, promoción y distribución permitiría a Unilever ofrecer valor a los consumidores de rentas bajas?

PRODUCTO
Unilever podría fabricar un producto comparable a Campeiro, su producto más barato.
¿Proporcionaría las ventajas que quieren los consumidores de rentas bajas?
Si pudiera eliminar algunos ingredientes de la fórmula de Minerva, los científicos podrían desarrollar una fórmula que costaría un 10 por ciento más que la fórmula de Campeiro.
La dificultad seria definir los atributos que hay que eliminar, cuáles hay que conservar y cuáles mejorar.
Unilever podría utilizar bolsitas de plástico, que podría costar el 30 por ciento del precio de las tradicionales cajas de cartón.
Los datos del estudio de mercado muestrasn que los consumidores de rentas bajas tiene apego porlas cajas de carton y consideran que cualquier otro envase es válido para productos de segunda.

PRECIO
Con un precio significativamente por encima de los detergentes Campeiro y Minerva, el producto quedaría fuera del alcance del segmento objetivo.
Con un precio menor aumentaría el coste del inevitable canibalismo de las marcas de Unilever.
¿Debería Unilever buscar otras formas de reducir el coste del producto para los consumidores de rentas bajas?
¿Debe cambiar el precio de Omo, Minerva y Campeiro?

PROMOCIÓN
Es crucial encontrar una “historia” radical, algo que pusiera la nueva marca en el mapa de inmediato.
¿Cuál debería ser el mensaje clave?
Los consumidores de rentas bajas pueden ser reacios a comprar un producto anunciado para “individuos de renta baja”
Los productos con ese tipo de mensaje suelen tener una menor calidad
La ventaja de recurrir fundamentalmente a la publicidad en los medios es su bajo coste por contacto y su gran alcance.
La mayoría de los brasileños, independientemente de su nivel de rentas, son ávidos telespectadores.

DISTRIBUCIÓN
Unilever no tenía la capacidad de distribuir a los aproximadamente 75.000 pequeños comercios repartidos por todo el noreste.
El acceso a estas tiendas era clave porque los consumidores de rentas bajas no compran en grandes supermercados.
Unilever podría recurrir a su red existente de mayoristas generalistas que proveen sus detergentes a los pequeños comercios.
Estos mayoristas no atienden directamente a las pequeñas tiendas en las que compran los consumidores de rentas bajas
Requiere otra capa de pequeños mayoristas loca, aumentando el coste hasta 0,10 dólares por quilo
Podría contratar a docenas de distribuidores especializados que tendrían el derecho de venta exclusiva del nuevo detergente Unilever.

PREGUNTAS:

1.-Describa las diferencias del comportamiento del consumidor entre los consumidores de productos de limpieza en Brasil. ¿Qué segmentos del mercado existen?

Existen 2 segmentos, las mujeres del noreste de Brasil, siendo este un mercado de renta baja; y las mujeres del sudeste con mayores ingresos económicos.
Las mujeres del noreste lavan la ropa en el fregadero utilizando barras de jabón para ropa. Añaden legía para quitar las manchas resistentes y solo un poco de detergente en polvo al final, fundamentalmente para dar un buen olor a la ropa
En el sudeste las mujeres mezclan detergente en polvo y suavizante en una lavadora; Utilizan jabón en barra y lejía solo para quitar las manchas más resistentes.
Muchas mujeres del noreste consideran que lavar la ropa es una de sus actividades rutinarias agradables de la semana.
En el sudeste las mujeres consideran que lavar la ropa es una obligación y están interesadas fundamentalmente en mejorar la comodidad del proceso.
La gente en el noreste y en el sudeste difiere en cuanto al valor simbólico de la limpieza.
Muchos habitantes pobres del noreste se sienten orgullosos del hecho de que se mantienen limpios, ellos y sus familias, a pesar de su baja renta
En el sudeste, donde la mayoría de las mujeres tienen su propia lavadora, tiene mucho menos relevancia para la autoestima y el estatus social.

2.-¿Debería Unilever sacar una nueva marca o utilizar una de sus marcas existentes para dirigirse al mercado del noreste de Brasil?

Es importante crear una nueva marca tomando ciertos elementos de las marcas existentes, para lograr alcanzar al mercado meta, en este caso, al noreste de Brasil; para así cubrir con las necesidades y demandas de los consumidores de rentas bajas.

3.- ¿Cómo debe posicionarse la marca en el mercado y dentro de qué familia de marcas de Unilever?

Manteniendo precios bajos y calidad en el producto

4.- ¿Qué marketing mix debe utilizarse para crear la marca en el mercado?

Crear un producto que vaya de acuerdo al poder adquisitivo del mercado meta, precios bajos y buena calidad es primordial. Promocionar el producto en los medios ya que es este el mejor método para llegar a los consumidores de renta baja en el noreste de Brasil. Contratar distribuidores especializados y exclusivos que lleguen directamente a los pequeños comercios.

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