...P1: explain the principal sociological perspectives. In sociology there are six main principal perspectives and these are Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, Interactionism, Postmodernism, Collectivism and New Right. Functionalism In 1951, Talcott Parsons introduced the Functionalist view and this studies the social structure as a whole of how it functions as well as how each social structure is crucial in the interests of society. Functionalism believes that humans and the society have basic needs, institutions and governments might be responsible to meet the required needs of people also the functionalist may consider that they are different kinds of sources that could limit the individual’s behaviour within the chosen society, meaning that the society will behave appropriately based on one’s behaviour while having the same values, on the other hand the functionalist view does recognise that there may be errors or inequalities within the society but bearing in mind this can be functional for the society. However there have been criticisms against functionalism as some may believe that it is not a realistic way of living and not considering one’s own choices also functionalism may seem to ignore conflict and diversity within individuals in the society. Parsons sees inequalities as a well function to society as it helps in the running of society or community. The main key idea of functionalism is to ensure smooth running of the society and this is done through the structures...
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...in Business | Unit Title | Unit 2 – Business Resources (60 hour unit) | Level | 3 | Unit Number | 2 | Unit Credit | 10 | Assignment Title | Describing Recruitment documents | Part Unit | P1, P2 & M2 | Whole Unit | n/a | Learner Name | | Signature | | Assessor | Mark Grant | Signature | | Start Date | 22/10/14 | Submission Date | 12/11/14 | Feedback Date | 26/11/14 | | | | | | | Vocational Context | It is important to understand the purpose and format of different types of documents that are used in the recruitment process, as you will be coming across them when you apply for jobs. This assignment will allow you to develop a good understanding of these documents. Additionally you will possibly need to create them if you are involved with recruiting staff during your career. | The Brief | ------------------------------------------------- (P1, P2 and M2) A family friend has been operating his own small fashion clothing business (KH Fashions) that has been trading for five years. He has decided to expand the business and has asked you to research different businesses.------------------------------------------------- He wishes to take on staff from outside the family, and because he wants to do this in a professional way, has asked you specifically to research how human and non-human (such as technological and physical) resources are used within organisations. | Grading Criteria. | Evidence | What you have to do | P1: Describe the recruitment...
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...Level 3 Diploma in Business Unit 3 Introduction to Marketing QCF level 3: BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Business 2013-14 Learning hours: 60 Credit Value: 10 Unit code: Y/502/5411 Aims and Purpose of Unit 3 The aim and purpose of this unit is to give you an understanding of how marketing, research and planning and the marketing mix are used by all organisations. You will initially study two business organsations, but you will focus on the products at Denbies Vineyard and we will work in collaboration with them. Issue: 8th September 2014 Deadline: 1st December 2014 Learning outcomes On completion of this unit you should: 1. Know the role of marketing in organisations 2. Be able to use marketing research and marketing planning 3. Understand how and why customer groups are targeted 4. Be able to develop a coherent marketing mix. Assignment 1 You work as a marketing assistant for a large marketing company called “Creative Dreams” . The manager of your department has asked you to carry out the following task. The organisations you will investigate for unit 3.1 are “Thorpe Park” and “Surrey Wildlife Trust”. www.thorpepark.com www.surreywildlifetrust.org Task 1 (P1, P2, M1) Write up a brief introduction for both organisations, this must include size, location, nature of the business, objectives and marketing objectives to provide an introduction to the two businesses. (a) P1: DEADLINE THORPE PARK P1 15/09/14, DEADLINE SWT P1 22/09/14 Describe the marketing...
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...UNIT 11: UNDERSTANDING RELATIONSHIP MARKETING Scenario Your work for this unit will be based on Boots Pharmacy in the UK. Handy tip: There is a wealth of resources available to you throughout this unit, as it is based on a well-established, reputable organisation that communicates with potential and existing customers through various mediums which you will have seen or have access to. It is important that you use the resources and information available in order to conduct your own independent reading to help you answer the questions. Task One PASS (P1) P1/a Explain the term ‘relationship marketing’ P1/b Explain the term ‘brand loyalty’ P1/c Explain the term ‘direct marketing’ P1/d Explain how relationship marketing is used both in the b2b and c2b markets P1/e Explain the concept of lifetime customer value and identify its advantages P1/f Identify and explain the extended marketing mix and how it applies to relationship marketing Task Two PASS (P2) P2/a Explain the development of Relationship Marketing over the past few decades and how this has affected Boots P2/b Explain how Boots uses RM to achieve its organisational mission and objectives for Boots P2/c Explain the difference between transactional marketing and relationship marketing, and why Boots has chosen to focus its efforts on RM P2/d Discuss the needs and expectations of Boots stakeholders and the importance of customer...
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...Chapter 6: CPU Scheduling • • • Basic Concepts Scheduling Criteria Scheduling Algorithms Operating System Concepts 6.1 Basic Concepts • Maximum CPU utilization obtained with multiprogramming. • CPU–I/O Burst Cycle – Process execution consists of a cycle of CPU execution and I/O wait. – Example: Alternating Sequence of CPU And I/O Bursts – In an I/O – bound program would have many very short CPU bursts. – In a CPU – bound program would have a few very long CPU bursts. Operating System Concepts 6.2 1 CPU Scheduler • The CPU scheduler (short-term scheduler) selects from among the processes in memory that are ready to execute, and allocates the CPU to one of them. • A ready queue may be implemented as a FIFO queue, priority queue, a tree, or an unordered linked list. • CPU scheduling decisions may take place when a process: 1. Switches from running to waiting state (ex., I/O request). 2. Switches from running to ready state (ex., Interrupts occur). 3. Switches from waiting to ready state (ex., Completion of I/O). 4. Terminates. • Scheduling under 1 and 4 is nonpreemptive; otherwise is called preemptive. • Under nonpreemptive scheduling, once the CPU has been allocated to a process, the process keeps the CPU until it releases the CPU either by terminating or by switching to the waiting state. Operating System Concepts 6.3 Dispatcher • Dispatcher module gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short-term scheduler;...
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...Case Studies 1. SOLUTION TO STARTING RIGHT CASE, CH. 3, PAGE 110 This is a decision-making-under-uncertainty case. There are two events: a favorable market (event 1) and an unfavorable market (event 2). There are four alternatives, which include do nothing (alternative 1), invest in corporate bonds (alternative 2), invest in preferred stock (alternative 3), and invest in common stock (alternative 4). The decision table is presented. Note that for alternative 2, the return in a good market is $30,000 (1 + 0.13)5 = $55,273. The return in a good market is $120,000, (4 x $30,000) for alternative 3, and $240,000, (8 x $30,000) for alternative 4. Payoff table Laplace Event 1 Alternativ e1 Alternativ e2 Alternativ e3 Alternativ e4 0 55,273 Event 2 0 – 10,00 0 – 15,00 0 – 30,00 0 Average Value 0.0 22,636.5 Minimu m 0 – 10,000 – 15,000 – 30,000 Maximu m 0 55,273 Hurwicz Value 0.00 – 2,819.9 7 –150.00 120,00 0 240,00 0 52,500.0 120,000 105,000. 0 240,000 –300.00 Regret table Maximum Alternative Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 Event 1 240,000 184,727 120,000 0 Event 2 0 10,000 15,000 30,000 Regret 240,000 184,727 120,000 30,000 a. Sue Pansky is a risk avoider and should use the maximin decision approach. She should do nothing and not make an investment in Starting Right. b. Ray Cahn should use a coefficient of realism of 0.11. The best decision is to do nothing. c. Lila Battle should eliminate alternative 1 of doing nothing and apply the maximin...
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...Case Studies 1. SOLUTION TO STARTING RIGHT CASE, CH. 3, PAGE 110 This is a decision-making-under-uncertainty case. There are two events: a favorable market (event 1) and an unfavorable market (event 2). There are four alternatives, which include do nothing (alternative 1), invest in corporate bonds (alternative 2), invest in preferred stock (alternative 3), and invest in common stock (alternative 4). The decision table is presented. Note that for alternative 2, the return in a good market is $30,000 (1 + 0.13)5 = $55,273. The return in a good market is $120,000, (4 x $30,000) for alternative 3, and $240,000, (8 x $30,000) for alternative 4. Payoff table Laplace Hurwicz Event 1 Event 2 Average Value Minimu m Maximu m Value Alternativ e1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.00 Alternativ e2 55,273 – 10,00 0 22,636.5 – 10,000 55,273 – 2,819.9 7 Alternativ e3 120,00 0 – 15,00 0 52,500.0 – 15,000 120,000 –150.00 Alternativ e4 240,00 0 – 30,00 0 105,000. 0 – 30,000 240,000 –300.00 Regret table Maximum Alternative Event 1 Event 2 Regret Alternative 1 240,000 0 240,000 Alternative 2 184,727 10,000 184,727 Alternative 3 120,000 15,000 120,000 Alternative 4 0 30,000 30,000 a. Sue Pansky is a risk avoider and should use the maximin decision approach. She should do nothing and not make an investment in Starting...
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...Year 12 BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Business BTEC Level 3 Diploma in Business Year 12 BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Business BTEC Level 3 Diploma in Business Unit 1- The Business Environment Unit 1- The Business Environment | Student name | ------------------------------------------------- Assessor name | | | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | 5th September 2013 | 29th November 2013 | 2nd December 2013 | Qualification | Unit number and title (Credit Value) | BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in BusinessBTEC Level 3 Diploma in Business | Unit 1- The Business Environment Credit Value- 10 | | | Assignment title | | The aim of this unit is to give learners the fundamental knowledge of a range of business organisations, and the many factors that shape the nature of organisations operating in an increasingly complex business world. | | Assignment title | | The purpose of this assignment is to: 1. Know the range of different businesses and their ownership 2. Understand how businesses are organised to achieve their purposes 3. Know the impact of the economic environment on businesses 4. Know how political, legal and social factors impact on business. | ScenarioYou work for the Chamber of Commerce as a Business Adviser and have been asked to visit businesses in the local area to outline to them the variety of businesses which exist and to explain to them the factors which...
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...T1, T2 & T3 Unit Coordinator : Dr Chee Swee Yong Lecturers : Dr Sim Yoke Leng, Ms Chang Chew Cheen, Dr Chee Swee Yong, Dr Lim Tuck Meng, Dr Hnin Pwint Aung, Dr Lim Chan Kiang and Dr Mohammod Aminuzzaman |Week |Lecturer |Expt. |Day : Time |Group : Venue | | |Dr Neo KE |Briefing on Basic Laboratory Skills (Only for |Wednesday: | | |1 | |Y1T1 & T2 students) |9.00 am-11.30 am |P1,3: D012A | | | | |1.00 pm-3.30 pm |P2,4,5: D012A | | |Dr Sim YL |Expt 6: Preparation of |Tuesday: 2.00 pm-4.30 pm |P1: D012A | |2 | |bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II) | | | | | | |Wednesday: | | | | | |9.00 am-11.30 am |P1: D012B ...
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...CPU SCHEDULINGCPU scheduling in UNIX is designed to benefit interactive processes. Processes are given small CPU time slices by a priority algorithm that reduces to round-robin scheduling for CPU-bound jobs.The scheduler on UNIX system belongs to the general class of operating system schedulers known as round robin with multilevel feedback which means that the kernel allocates the CPU time to a process for small time slice, preempts a process that exceeds its time slice and feed it back into one of several priority queues. A process may need much iteration through the "feedback loop" before it finishes. When kernel does a context switch and restores the context of a process. The process resumes execution from the point where it had been suspended.Each process table entry contains a priority field. There is a process table for each process which contains a priority field for process scheduling. The priority of a process is lower if they have recently used the CPU and vice versa.The more CPU time a process accumulates, the lower (more positive) its priority becomes, and vice versa, so there is negative feedback in CPU scheduling and it is difficult for a single process to take all the CPU time. Process aging is employed to prevent starvation.Older UNIX systems used a 1-second quantum for the round- robin scheduling. 4.33SD reschedules processes every 0.1 second and recomputed priorities every second. The round-robin scheduling is accomplished by the -time-out mechanism, which tells...
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...Substitution Effects — A Summary What are Income and Substitution Effects? When the price of q1, p1, changes there are two effects on the consumer. First, the price of q1 relative to the other products (q2, q3, . . . qn) has changed. Second, due to the change in p1, the consumer's real income changes. When we compute the change in the optimal consumption as a result of the price change, we do not usually separate these two effects. Sometimes we might want to separate the effects. The Substitution Effect is the effect due only to the relative price change, controlling for the change in real income. In order to compute it we ask what is the bundle that would make the consumer just as happy as before the price change, but if they had to make their choice faced with the new prices. To find this point we consider a budget line characterized by the new prices but with a level of income such that it is tangent to the initial indifference curve. In the diagram on the next page, the initial consumer equilibrium is at point A where the initial budget line is tangent to the higher indifference curve. Consumption at this point is 11 units of good 1 and 8 units of good 2. After an increase in the price of good 1, the consumer moves to point E, where the new budget line is tangent to the lower indifference curve. Consumption of good 1 has fallen to 4 units while consumption of good 2 has increased to 10 units. The substitution effect is the movement from point A to point G. This point is characterized...
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...volume, V= cf/ (p- cv) V= 55000/ (21- 8) V= 4230.77 recap tires, 2. monthly break even volume V= cf/ (p- cv) We have Cf= 30000, cv= 0.16, p= 0.40 V= 30000/ (0.4- 0.16) V= 125000 units 3. If the new price is p= 0.60, Then the break even volume will decrease. We don’t need to sell as much units as before to break even. Proof: V= 30000/ (0.6- 0.16) V= 68181.81 units 4. If we increase advertising, that means CF increases, then the Break even volume will increase, because the cost of the production increased. Proof; V= 30000+ 14000/ (0.6- 0.16) V= 100000 units 5.we have Cf= 5600, cv= 0.35, p= ?; v= 2000 (note: Cf= 2500+3100; Cf= $5600) a.What price should be charged to break even? Break even means Profit = 0, then TR=TC Meaning V*P= cf+ V*cv, then P= (cf+ V*cv)/ V P= (5600+ 2000*0.35)/ 2000 P= $3.15 b. If during the season, there are less guest than expected, to break even, she needs to increase the prices. 6. we have Cf= 360000, cv= 12000, p= 17000; a. determine V , V= cf/ (p- cv) , V= 360000/ (17000- 12000) V= 72 units. b. if we have V= 75, Profit = ? , Profit= V*P- ( cf+ V*cv), Profit= 75*17000- ( 360000+ 75*12000) Profit = 1275000-1260000 Profit = $ 15000 c. If the tuition increase, to p= 22000; the volume become v= 35, should the college consider doing this? let's check the...
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...Question (1): Assume a 45-hr/week and an hourly wage of €21. Material cost is €15 per running meter and the standard inventory value of output is €173 per unit. Overhead is charged weekly at the rate of €1838 and 0.75 times direct cost. Week | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Output | 636 | 576 | 624 | 644 | Workers | 12 | 11 | 11 | 9 | Material (meter) | 4125 | 3675 | 3930 | 4035 | A. Briefly explain the concept of productivity? Productivity Productivity is a measure of the rate at which outputs of goods and services are produced per unit of input (labor, capital, raw materials, etc.). It is calculated as the ratio of the amount of outputs produced to some measure of the amount of input used. Productivity = Quantity of goods and services produced Amount of resources used As the equation indicates, there are two variables in measuring productivity- the amount of production and amount of resources used. Productivity varies with the amount of production relative to the amount of resources used. Productivity can be increased in several ways, which Are given below here- 1. Increase production using the same or a smaller amount of resources. 2. Reduce the amount of resources used while keeping the same production or increasing it. 3. Allow the amount of resources used to increase c production increases more. 4. Allow production to decrease as long as...
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...indifference curve and the budget line; (ii) a kink in an indifference curve; (iii) a “corner” where the consumer specializes in consuming just one good. Here is how you find a point of tangency if we are told the consumer’s utility function, the prices of both goods, and the consumer’s income. The budget line and an indifference curve are tangent at a point (x1 , x2 ) if they have the same slope at that point. Now the slope of an indifference curve at (x1 , x2 ) is the ratio −M U1 (x1 , x2 )/M U2 (x1 , x2 ). (This slope is also known as the marginal rate of substitution.) The slope of the budget line is −p1 /p2 . Therefore an indifference curve is tangent to the budget line at the point (x1 , x2 ) when M U1 (x1 , x2 )/M U2 (x1 , x2 ) = p1 /p2 . This gives us one equation in the two unknowns, x1 and x2 . If we hope to solve for the x’s, we need another equation. That other equation is the budget equation p1 x1 + p2 x2 = m. With these two equations you can solve for (x1 , x2 ).∗ Example: A consumer has the utility...
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...Managing New, Remanufactured and Upgraded Products under a Coupon Recycling Environment Xian LI1 , Jihong ZHANG1,† , Xiaosong DING1 , Xiaodong YANG1 1 International Business School Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100089 † corresponding author: zhangjihong@bfsu.edu.cn Abstract—We consider a two-period production and pricing model under a coupon recycling environment, in which a monopolistic manufacturer is able to produce and sell new, remanufactured and upgraded products simultaneously in the market. To attract consumers to return used products and promote the sale of upgraded products, the manufacturer offers coupons in the recycling process. We focus on the competition between different kinds of products and analyze the manufacturer’s optimal production and pricing strategies as well as the effect of coupons on them. Keywords—remanufacturing; pricing strategy; cost; coupon I. I NTRODUCTION With the advancing high-technology and exacerbation in global economic competition, more and more electronic products possess a very short lifespan prior to becoming outdated. For example, electronic products including mobile phones, MP3-players, digital cameras, tablets and laptops often have a lifespan being no more than one year. In the meanwhile, the shortage in global resources and deterioration of ecological environment makes remanufacturing a popular alternative to the sustainable development of many electronic...
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