...stipulate that candidates for assessment must have received at least 500 hours of theoretical training and at least 400 hours of practical training covering the areas specified in the regulations The Level 3 Diploma award is broken into 8 units: Unit 1 Introduction to food safety management Unit2 Regulations and responsibilities in meat processing Unit 3a Post mortem inspection of poultry (boilers and hens) Unit 3b Post mortem inspection of poultry (turkeys) Unit 3c Post mortem inspection of poultry (ducks and geese) Unit 3d Post mortem inspection of poultry (game birds) Unit 4 Meat hygiene and regulation Unit 5 Aetiology, pathology and welfare in poultry Unit 6 Aetiology, pathology and welfare in red meat animals Unit 7 Post mortem inspection of red meat Unit 8 Principles of hygiene and HACCP regulatory auditing ©2008 RSPH Level 3 Diploma in Meat Hygiene and Inspection Unit One: Introduction to Food Safety Management Level 2 20 Guided Learning Hours (20 theory/0 practical) Rationale This core unit develops a broad knowledge and understanding of food safety and food hygiene thereby enabling individuals working in food processing to identify problem areas and to assess solutions to ensure that food safety hazards are controlled. It is likely that this unit...
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...Communication in English I 2. Logic Philosophy & Human Existence 3. Physical Chemistry 4. General Biology I (Botany/Zoology) 5. Practical Biology 6. General Physics 7. Mathematics 8. Organic Chemistry I 9. Practical Chemistry Sub-Total Second Semester 10. Communication in English II 11. Nigerian People and Culture 12. Social Sciences 13. Organic Chemistry 14. Biology II 15. Organic Chemistry II 16. Mathematics 17. Practical Physics 18. Use of Library Sub-Total 200 Credits 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 18 Credits Credits 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 17 Credits Level 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. First Semester Climatology and Biogeography General Agriculture Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals Crop Anatomy, Taxonomy and Physiology Principles of Soil Science Principles of Agricultural Economics Introduction to Forestry Resource Manag~ment Introduction to Biotechnology Sub-Total 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Second Semester Principles of Animal Production Principles of Crop Production Principles of Food Science and Technology Introductory Biochemistry Introduction to Computers Introduction to Fisheries & Wildlife Introductory Statistics Entrepreneurial Studies I Introduction to Home Economics Sub-Total Credits 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 18 Credits Credits 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 19 Credits Total = 37 Credits All courses are core-courses for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 300 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Level First Semester l\Ion-ruminant Animal Production Arable Crop Production...
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...Missouri and Water Pollution Action needs to be taken to reduce water pollution in Missouri for the sake of health, cost, and the preservation of wildlife. In a recent conservation Survey 97% of Missourians voted water pollution as the number concern in conservational issues. Why are so many Missourians concerned about water pollution? 2.5 million Missouri residents rely on streams for drinking water. Water treatment and cleansing is not a cheap process, it is expensive and comes out of the pockets of Missouri citizens. When more money is spent on water treatment and cleansing it is safe to drink the higher the water bills go up, causing the residents of Missouri to pay more. Not only is the issue the cost but the health risks as well. In 2008 more than 12 citizens in Cameron Missouri was diagnosed with brain tumors, within seven months. The only thing that links these people together is the drinking water. Cameron is a small town, and this is just one example. Missourians pay the price whether it is their health or extra expenses because of water treatment. The pie-graph below (Image 1), for example shows how much of the population near the Missouri River rely on the river for drinking water. Image 1. (Missouri Department of Natural Resources, 2007) Why is water pollution a big issue in Missouri? Congress decided to change the number of waterways protected in Missouri in 2001. The president of Missouri Conservation Federation, Glenn Chambers stated “Just...
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...History: Japfa has its roots in copra pellet production back in its early history of the Nineteen-Seventies. The Company was established in 1971 under the name PT Java Pelletizing Factory as a 50 - 50 venture between PT Perusahaan Dagang & Industri Ometraco and International Graanhandel Thegra NV of the Netherlands. In October 1989, in line with its expansion plan, the Company floated its shares on the Jakarta and Surabaya Stock Exchanges. The public listing, followed by a rights issue in 1990, provided the Company with the financial strength to launch into the animal feed industry. ANIMAL FEED: Japfa subsequently made strategic acquisitions of four companies in 1990-1991: PT Comfeed Indonesia (animal feed), PT Ometraco Satwafeed (animal feed), PT Indopell Raya (pelletizing) and PT Suri Tani Pemuka (shrimp feed). POULTRY: A second wave of acquisitions took place in 1992 when Japfa bought PT Multibreeder Adirama Indonesia (poultry breeding), PT Ciomas Adisatwa (poultry processing operation) and the shrimp farming and cold storage operations of Suri Tani Pemuka. The string of acquisitions transformed the Company into one of the largest and most integrated poultry / shrimp producers in the country. Poultry: Japfa’s Poultry Division is one of the most vertically integrated poultry operations in Indonesia. Its proven business strategy has become what is today a blueprint of success which the Company is using in diversifying into other food businesses and expanding into...
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...AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE SYLLABUS Effective for examinations from May/June 2008 CXC 07/G/SYLL 06 Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council © 2010, Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the author or publisher. Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I. Telephone: (876) 630-5200 Facsimile Number: (876) 967-4972 E-mail address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2006, by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St Michael BB11158, Barbados CXC 07/G/SYLL 06 Content RATIONALE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 AIMS ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 CAREER CHOICES ............................................................................................................................... 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES ................................................................................................................. 3 – 4 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT ..............................................
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...Long-term trends, in part the result of international markets, national policy decisions and institutional frameworks, often move against them. The food-security problem is not merely an inability to produce enough food to keep pace with population growth. Such a simplistic reckoning fails to take into account the ecological, cultural, social and economic features which are the bedrock of sustainable agriculture. Environmental degradation and a diminishing resource base seriously affect African farmers who depend on rainfed agriculture. As critical watersheds are deforested, water supplies have become unreliable and the climate less predictable. Local actors are seldom consulted when agricultural policies are formulated. Small-scale farmers (especially women) find it hard to get credit, seeds and other inputs, and the information they need to farm their land in a profitable, sustainable way. Some governments still control the prices of key farm outputs, and unscrupulous traders manipulate the prices of others. In addition, political instability is a major obstacle to food security and sustainable agriculture in many countries. Access to sufficient food is a sustainable manner is a fundamental human right. Realizing this, NGOs, community organizations, research institutions and governments in Africa have been testing alternative agricultural technologies and approaches for over a decade. Such approaches as "conservation farming" and organic agriculture are becoming part of the technical...
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...accommodation and inspiration in doing this study. The proponents would also like to acknowledge the respondents that respond to the questionnaires, the JSJ goat farm, Central Luzon State University – small ruminants. And to others that assists us. We appreciate it so much. Of course, we also want to thank all the people who help us in this study. We want to give our deepest gratitude to them. To our panel members, Mrs. Jhonnel Panlilio and Mrs. Winnie Fe for giving us advice and additional information about our project, for the corrections and some suggestions to improve this feasibility. Above all, we would like to thank our Almighty God in guiding us while we are doing this study especially when we are travelling around Central Luzon to get information. This study won’t be possible and successful without the guidance of our Almighty God. The Proponents INTRODUCTION The agricultural sector of Tarlac City contributes approximately 18% to the overall GDP generated by the municipality, constituting a slightly larger proportion of the economy on a local level than for the District as a whole. The agricultural sector is however, a far large employer in the municipality, taking up almost 6% of the overall employment in the Municipality. However, statistics and studies hide the importance of remittances and non-farm activities for rural households and the potential contribution of agricultural (and particularly livestock) income in providing self-driven...
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...REPORTS DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN Umm e Zia, T. Mahmood and M.R. Ali FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2011 Author Umm e Zia is the Managing Director of Cynosure Consultants in Islamabad. She has supported international donors and governments in undertaking rural development and agriculture value chain projects in over ten countries. T. Mahmood is a dairy consultant based in Lahore, Pakistan. He also serves as a visiting faculty member at the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Muhammad Raza Ali is Senior Research Associate at Cynosure Consultants. Recommended Citation FAO. 2011. Dairy development in Pakistan, by Umm e Zia, T. Mahmood and M.R. Ali. Rome. Keywords Production systems, Dairy value chain, Dairy institutions, Product safety, Livelihoods, Employment The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product...
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...potential oil and protein crop which also has an exporting value. All parts of the okra plant are useful, its leave and tender shoots which are equally rich in nutrients can be cooked and eaten. The pods are good sources of protein a well as ascorbic acid content of 20g/100g and high level of calcium, fiber and ash. Mature seeds contain about 21% of edible oil (Foods Agricultural and Environment 2005). In the Philippines, okra contributes as much as 16 million pesos to the economy annually. Okra production in the Philippines and in other countries like Thailand where okra is an important commodity crop for the export industry. Japan imports okra during winter season from December to March, when it is not possible to plant okra. Japanese consumers prefer the ridged variety of okra. Local consumers want the smooth variety hence reject from their harvest is used for animal feeds (Justo,2010) Smooth green “a vigorous okra variety” that can be productive, even under sub optimum conditions is vigorous and are very strong in the field. It yields 21 tons/ha, harvest maturity is from 45-50 days from planting, Fruits are smooth,7-10cm long green, and slender. Smooth green is an IPB selection (Agriculture Magazine 2009). In the production of okra, all modern practices that contribute to its production are needed to be explored to increase production per unit area. High yield is attributed to better varieties, timely farm operation, better weed control, application of fertilizer and improved...
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...ENTREPRENURESHIP SKILLS AND PRACTICES 1.0 Introduction Entrepreneurial skills and practices is one of the General Studies introduced in the curriculum for every undergraduate student in Osun state University regardless of the student’s course of study. The introduction of this course provides opportunity for the University to deliver on its vision and mission to students, national and international community. Specifically, the course help to challenge students to positively utilize the high quality teaching and learning experiences from other courses become entrepreneurial graduates capable of impacting on their environment while being globally competitive. Ideally, entrepreneurship education should be an off shoot of all disciplines. The primary discipline should provide skills capable of generating goods and services that would be demanded and create income. This education will thus help students to utilize learned skills to generate self employment thereby reducing the population of our graduate seeking jobs to the barest minimum. This will also reduce the level of unemployment nationally. The materials in the book are contributed by scholars from different intellectual backgrounds to produce a rich and highly stimulating compilation. The book gives a vivid background of the history of entrepreneurship from the rudimentary to the modern age. It provides ideas on principles and skills involved in sustaining entrepreneurship, potentials of businesses and entrepreneurs...
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...| Report of supply chain management | | | | Fayaz Thaheem (1458108)Supply Chain Management by Mr. Humair Tariq 1/30/16 | | Report of supply chain management | | | Table of Contents [ No table of contents entries found. ] INTRODUCTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN The movement of materials as they flow from their source to the end customer. Supply Chain includes purchasing, manufacturing, warehousing, transportation ,customer service ,demand planning , supply planning and Supply Chain management. It is made up of the people, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product from its supplier to customer. Although this Supply Chain definition sounds very simple, effective management of a Supply Chain can be a real challenge. EXAMPLE OF A SUPPLY CHAIN: Raw materials Manufacturer Distribution Center Customer A typical Supply Chain flow of goods is shown above. In some models, the product is shipped from the Manufacturer to the Distribution Center as soon as it is manufactured. In other models, such as a Hub & Spoke model, the product is held at the manufacturer once produced. It is then sent out to the Distribution Center only when it is needed. OBJECTIVES OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: The fundamental objective is to "add value". That brings us to the example of the fish fingers. During the Supply Chain Management '98 conference in the United Kingdom this fall...
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...Kakawate Leaf: An Effective Pesticide Worms, bugs and other rice pests are an enigma to many farmers as these are threats to rice production. To most farmers, commercial insecticides and pesticides are the most effective and readily available pest controls. What they don’t realize is that these cost them added expenses not to mention the bad effects of these chemicals to health and environment. Dr. Alfredo R. Rabena, head of the Research and Development Office of the University of Northern Philippines in Vigan City, Ilocos, has discovered a solution. He found that the leaves of kakawate tree or Mexican Lilac (Glinicidia sepium) contains coumarins, an effective botanopesticide. To prepare the solution, chop the kakawate leaves and let these soak overnight to extract coumarins. Using a strainer, separate the leaves from the solution. Spray the solution to the ricefields. The best time to apply it is from eight o’ clock to nine o’clock in the morning and from five o’clock to six o’clock in the afternoon as worms and pests are coming out from the leaves at these times. So the solution would be more effective to use. If applied early, it wouldn’t be that effective as pests are still hibernating. And if used when the sun’s heat is too hot, it wouldn’t be that effective also as pest would hide. Since kakawate is a legume, says Rabena, its leaves are rich in nitrogen, an important soil nutrient. Hence, the discarded leaves can be applied to the field as an organic fertilizer. He...
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...& DeVore 1968). They began to gather, then cultivate and settle around, patches of cereal grasses and to domesticate animals for meat, labor, skins and other materials, and milk. The earliest civilizations all relied primarily on cereal agriculture. Cultivation of fruit trees began three thousand years later, again in the Middle East, and vegetables and other crops followed (Zohari 1986). Cultivation of rice began in Asia about 7000 years ago (Stark 1986). HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In 1884 Arnold Toynbee coined the phrase ‘the Industrial Revolution’ to describe the great changes in the organization, methods and productivity which took place in late eighteenth-century England. Not surprisingly historians soon dubbed the parallel changes in agriculture ‘the Agricultural Revolution’ … approximately 1760 and 1820 the farming of this country underwent and equally abrupt and radical change (Grigg, 1967). As humans began to form permanent settlements and gave up traveling in search of food, agriculture was born. The foods we eat, the clothing we wear, the materials we use in our everyday lives is agriculture. The term agriculture refers to a wide variety of things, it is the science, art and occupation of cultivating the soil, producing crops and raining livestock. Agriculture refers to financing, processing, marketing, and distribution of agricultural products, farm production supply and service industries. This new way of providing food and other raw materials developed slowly, but...
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...• Report 1&2 Mission Location and Description………………………. Pg. 2 Climate Characteristics……………………………………pg. 2 Impact on Social Structure/Economy…………………….pg. 4 Population Size……………………………………………..pg. 4 • Report 3&4 Mission Location and Description………………………..pg. 6 Impact on Social Structure/Economy………………………pg. 6 Energy Use and Generation…………………………………..pg. 7 Design of Colony……………………………………………..pg. 8 Transportation………………………………………………….pg. 9 Life Support Systems……………………………………………pg. 9 • References…………………………………………………………………pg.11 Project Statement Mission Location and Description The current operation is to advance to Mars and colonize. In order to so we must terraform the planet. Currently the planet is a husk of nothingness. On the bright side, ice caps have been discovered a few inches beneath the surface, so water will be available naturally in due time. The soil will take time to cultivate for farming as it is somewhat contaminated. “Water and sulfur and chlorine containing substances, among other ingredients, showed up in samples Curiosity’s arm delivered to an analytical laboratory inside the rover”. (NASA) The distance from the sun to Mars is 141.6 million miles. The location of Tyrrhena Terra, where we are developing, is at 18º south and 99º East. Climate Characteristics The terraforming process will begin with the use of genetically modified organisms. We are able to alter organisms so that they possess certain traits needed in accelerated terraforming...
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...population of the Earth is growing at a fast pace. In 1950, 2 billion humans lived on the planet. By 2006, this had increased to 6.5 billion and by 2025, the world’s population is expected to reach 8 billion people. This growth in population is expected to be in urban areas, not rural. This leads to a higher calorie demand per person associated with dietary changes. It puts a heavy burden upon the world’s limited resources and further increases pressure on rural communities in the struggle to increase agricultural productivity. In 1960 one hectare of agricultural land was required to grow food to feed two people. By 1995 one hectare was required to feed four people and by 2025 the same area will need to feed five people. Feeding this growing demand requires sustainable solutions for agriculture across the world. This involves balancing the need to produce food with concerns for the environment. Sustainability is a ‘virtuous circle’. If agriculture uses sustainable solutions it will be able to meet the needs of future generations and become the type of farming which future generations want to inherit. As sustainable businesses grow, they develop better methods and solutions to support farmers and growers around the world. Both communities and businesses benefit and local economies grow. CURRICULUM TOPICS • Research and development • Market and product orientation • Business growth • Sustainability GLOSSARY Hectare: metric unit of measurement of land, 10,000 square metres or 2.47...
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