...Urban Legends Urban legend is any modern fictional story passed on from person to person told us truth. Urban legend as often false but sometimes they are inspired by an actual event but evolved into something different from person to person. Urban legends are characterized by combination of humor, horror, warning, morality or appeal to empathy. Urban legends are passed on from friend to a friend. It’s human nature to go to spread this feeling to others as people lore to till good story. In past 10 years there has been huge surge of urban legends on internet. The most common is forwarded e-mail. Here the story is not reinterpreted by each person who passes it on. Having the original story gives e-mail legends a felling of legitimacy. It will always be a human nature to tell bizarre stories and there will always be an audience waiting to believe them. No matter how much information technology we develop’ human being will be drawn in by unsubstantiated rumor. The urban legend is a part of our makeup. One urban legend was about Katie and Paul once paked at Ecliobay came access news about a rapist killer who escaped from prison. Instead of a right hand he had a hook. When Katie and Paul went home and opened door they saw a hook hanging on door handle. For decades “The Hook” story appeared as a genuine letter in “Dear Abby”, newspaper advice column and many students heard this story in grade school. Another urban legend is about “Kentucky Fried Rat”. It’s about a woman did not...
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...Urban Legends: How do they work? Urban legends are told every day of the week and for different reasons. Some of the legends tell a story while others are telling the reader about behaviors that might have serious consequences. Some are based on truth, while others are based on fiction. According to author Tom Harris, the definition of an urban legend is “A modern, fictional story, told as truth, which reaches a wide audience by being passed from person to person”. Urban legends come from different sources like the internet, passed from friend to friend or reading it in a book or newspaper. When reading or listening to an urban legend tale, one has to ask 1. Is the source objective or biased 2. Is the source reputable and 3. Is the source sufficiently detailed? The tales over the years have become more elaborate and some parts of the story maybe true but as time goes on, another part of the story gets added making the story more unbelievable. According to author, James M. Henslin states that “urban legends are stories with an ironic twist that sounds realistic but are false”. Urban legends are told to people because of a lesson that needs to be learned or behaviors that need to be corrected. The person who is telling the story might think that by sharing this story, it would help that person because it’s similar in nature; therefore the person speaking is trying to help. In conclusion, urban legends are told for a different reasons and it’s up to the people...
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...Geography- Urban Dynamics- Sydney Discuss and analyse the impacts of TWO urban dynamics operating in the city of Sydney Introduction The following report will discuss and analyse the impacts of urban dynamics operating in the city of Sydney. Urban Dynamics Urban dynamics are the processes responsible for any changes taking place in the spatial organisation of large cities. These urban dynamics shape the morphology of a city and create a unique history and character of this city. Some urban dynamics at work in cities include suburbanisation, exurbanisation, counter urbanisation, urban consolidation and urban decay and renewal. Throughout the history of a large city it is highly likely that many of these processes have occurred. The large city of Sydney in NSW, Australia has experienced many processes associated with urban dynamics. Some of these include suburbanisation, urban consolidation and urban decay and renewal. These have caused both positive and negative effects on the city. They have changed the technological, economic, social and cultural characteristics of Sydney. Sydney Sydney is defined as a large city in the developed world. Located at 33°52'S and 151°0'E, Sydney is one of the largest cities in the world in terms of geographical area at 499km2. Suburban Sydney radiates out from Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) and accommodates a population of 4 284 379. Approximately 1/5 of Australia’s population lives in Sydney’s Metropolitan area. Established as a city...
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...1.0-Thesis statement Urban planning is the political and technical process focused on utilization of urban land and designing of urban environment in ensuring and guiding the orderly development of communities and settlements (Levy, 2011). The entire urban planning process entails analysis and research, architecture, public consultation strategic thinking, urban design, policy recommendation, management and plans/policy implementation. One of the most notable aspect urban planning covers the housing planning and transportation planning. With increasing need for sustainable development in the urban, diverse policies are adopted by region, community, or State in ensuring effective urban planning. Thus, this proposal will offer a comparative analysis of policies and political aspects of transportation planning and housing planning with particular interest in the imperative role the urban planning has played in ensuring sustainable development. 2.0- Annotated Bibliography Ankner, W. (2005). Revisiting Transportation Planning. Public Works Management & Policy, 9(4), 270-277. The author revisits the contextual reality surrounding the U.S. transportation planning. Ankner (2005) examines the existing transportation planning models as well as decision-making tools, in supporting the view that the U.S. urban planning framework is either too divided or too limited in scope, thus, incapable of attaining the intended transportation goals. The source will inform the study by availing...
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...CONTENTS Page Appendices List................................................................................. 1. Introduction 1.1Justification and structure of report ……………………………… 3 1.2. Aims and Objectives …………………….…….…………………4 1.3. Background of Oxford city. …………….………………………..4 2. Literature Review 2.1. Urban Tourism................................................................................5 2.2. City Typologies...............................................................................8 2.3 Tourism in historical cities...............................................................9 2.4 Urban tourism supply and Jansen-Verbeke Model (1986)………...9 3. Methodology 3.1. Methodology and Methods...........................................................11 3.2. Field work.....................................................................................13 3.3. Research Limitations and Ethical consideration….......................13 4. Results and Discussions.......................................................................14 5. Conclusion...........................................................................................23 Bibliography............................................................................................25 1.Introduction 1.1 Justification and structure of report This report...
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...Assignment Two Urban sprawl, being one of the unavoidable adverse effects of global economic growth, means uncontrolled city expansion. It contributes to higher demand in consumption goods such as the gasoline and vehicles, which allows the economy continues to flourish in many developed countries as well as developing countries (especially in China). However, urbanization poses an acute ecological threat because it highly depends on the massive development of motorization which is a significant driver of more energy and lands consumption and more emissions of global warming gases. Furthermore, as the motorized urban sprawl means unhealthier, less affordable places for the poor to survive caused by the dispersal of their communities, on the one hand, and growing public health problems, on the other, it also creates serious social problems. To address these adverse effects of urbanization, the technological solution is recommended given that nowadays technology plays a crucial role in socio-ecological development. This essay will outline the problems driven by urbanization and argue that the technological solution is not the most fundamental one to deal with the social and ecological problem driven by urban sprawl. In terms of social problems associated with the spread of urban development, the technological solution may pose greater difficulties to cope with the social polarization in the sprawled cities. The global development of urban sprawl will lead to the explosion...
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...URAN SPRAWL: DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDIES Throughout this article, the main focus is urban sprawl and the non-endearing remedies to fix this growing concern. Three influential forces are the end results of urban sprawl: a growing population, rising incomes, and falling commuting costs. Although these sound positive to societies well being, market failures are distorting their positive social desirability. The allocation of agricultural land converted to urban usage has justified the criticism of urban sprawl by not accounting for the benefits of open space, social costs of road congestion, and developers failing to pay for the infrastructure costs generated. The remedies projected for these market failures in hope of alleviating the spatial size of the city are developmental taxes and congestion tolls (1). Critics raise a few questions about urban sprawl and the possible remedies policy makers could enact. But, are they are justifiable? The first one is, is urban sprawl truly a growing problem affecting American society? Throughout the article, Brueckner states both views on urban sprawl: The criticism against it and how to prevent it, and the benefits of urban sprawl to American society. Another question addressed is, is urban sprawl contributing to the decay of downtown areas? With the growth of urban development, the incentive to rebuild land and housing closer to the city center is reduced. This is because developers can purchase large amounts of farmland further away from...
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...reduction of valuable farmland near cities and increased urban pollution. Urban sprawl affects the environment by destroying native habitats and increasing urban pollution including air pollution from increased traffic and urban waste into waterways. There are many definitions of urban sprawl. The Heinemann Atlas states that urban sprawl means the spread of urban areas into rural areas such as farmland, forests and coastal lands that lie on the outer edges of cities. In other words, urban sprawl is described by development that increases the distance between the city center and its outer edge. (2003, HYPERLINK "http://www.hi.com.au/atlas/updates/bg.asp?subtopicid=3619" http://www.hi.com.au/atlas/updates/bg.asp?subtopicid=3619) It is estimated that 88% of the world’s population growth next century will be in urban areas. This phenomenon especially in Australia where more than 80% of the people live in cities and coastal areas. Australia’s cities however will continue to grow and the numbers of people both live and work will increase. A number of Australian cities have the problems that associated with urban sprawl. Indeed, some of Australia’s cities are considered the world’s worst in terms of their sprawling nature. For example, Perth’s metropolitan area currently spreads more than 100 kilometers in a North-South direction. The city of Wanneroo, in the Northern suburbs of Perth, is the second fastest growing urban area in Australia. (2003, HYPERLINK "http://www.hi...
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...An Urban Nation Yakema Whiteside History Of the United States July 28 2014 Decades of studies have proved the United States has changed from a rural to an urban nation. The most important city, New York, probably contained fewer than 22,000 people at the time of the Revolution. And only one person in twenty lived in a place with a population greater than 2,500—a size even then hardly considered urban. The course of the nineteenth century saw the North American landscape literally transformed by urbanization. But so, for that matter, was most of the Western world: compared to Britain, for instance, the United States has always been less urban. Thus while urbanization represents a dramatic change, it would have been far more remarkable for the United States to have stayed rural. . Rapid urban growth is responsible for many environmental and social changes in the urban environment and its effects are strongly related to global change issues. The rapid growth of cities strains their capacity to provide services such as energy, education, health care, transportation, sanitation and physical security. Because governments have less revenue to spend on the basic upkeep of cities and the provision of services, cities have become areas of massive sprawl, serious environmental problems, and widespread poverty. The Creative Class is not a class of workers among many, but a group believed to bring economic growth to countries that can attract its members. The economic benefits conferred...
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...Urban legends are usually laughed at, or looked upon as a campfire story. What people don’t know is that we can learn some very important morals from urban legends. They can differ in story, but they usually have one thing in common, they have a moral to the story. Whether it be true, or false, the morals of urban legends can benefit you in your daily life. Urban legends have been passed down from generation to generation, and over time the stories change but the morals stay the same. Some of the things you learn from your parents as a kid comes from morals that are also tied into urban legends, such as; not trusting strangers, picking up hitch hikers, and wandering off on your own. The average child growing up, doesn’t know right from wrong, and is accepting of almost anyone they come by. Therefore, they don’t understand the concept of why you shouldn’t trust strangers. As we grow older we tend to forget the little things, there is an urban legend that has a moral that helps remind us of why we shouldn’t trust strangers. The urban legend is about a woman who went in the mall to go shopping, and when she returned to her car she realized that one of her tires was flat. So she puts her shopping bags in the car and grabs the jack out of her trunk and prepared herself to change the flat. Moments after she begins to change the flat a man who is dressed in a suit and tie wielding a briefcase approaches the car, and says to the lady, "I noticed you're changing a flat tire. Would...
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...I. Dualism Poverty/lowincome-difficult to measure, may include social capital, human capital. 1. Spatial mismatch a. Distance from residence to work i. Transportation/commute b. Housing-informal settlers 2. Type of labor c. Inequality of human capital d. Labor mismatching 3. Neighborhood Segregation e. Gated communities vs. maids f. Production of slums(Planet of slums) II. Agglomoration A. Trading cities and Factory cities(specialization/comparative advantage) B. Later benefits 1. Knowledge spillover 2. Labor pooling, sharing, matching III. Size of cities IV. Why is the Housing Market different? a. Housing-heterogenous, durable, immobile, expensive to move i. dependent on Income b. Best housing policy high supply of low cost housing ii. Vouchers for high iii. Property tax for inelastic supply c. Ownership vs Renting iv. Responsibility of maintenance v. Locational Equilibrium/incentive to leave/stay vi. Cost of housing d. Neighborhood vii. Public services(taxes) viii. Appearance-Environment(Filtering model-quality of house overtime) ix. Social Capital e. Density(Land-use) x. Residential vs. mixed Land zone xi. V. Automobiles vs. Mass Transit f. Types of externalities(internalize the externality) xii. Automobiles ...
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...There are many Urban Legends and Hoaxes about pregnancy, but above all Lina Medina’s story made the biggest impression on me. She is famous in the medical community for being the youngest mother in recorded history. At the age of five years she gave birth by Caesarean section to a healthy baby boy. When Lina, who was born in Ticrapo, Peru, first became pregnant, her parents did not realize what was happening. Due to her increasing abdominal size, they thought she had a tumor. They tried many local remedies, but when nothing worked they brought her to a doctor who diagnosed that she would be giving birth to a child soon. Dr. Gerardo Lozada was not sure about his thoughts, so he took her to Lima, Peru to confirm her pregnancy. A month and a half later, on May 14, 1939, she gave birth to a healthy boy and she named him Gerardo, after her doctor. Although the story was called a hoax, based on documents, pictures, and doctor’s verification, it is easily verifiable. During her pregnancy, doctors took x-rays and biopsies which proved that she would be a mother. When Lina was seven months pregnant, doctors took a picture showing her developmental body. Peru’s best physician, Dr . Edmundo Escomel, discovered that Lina already had regular periods when she was only eight months old, and she had a hormone disorder which explained her fully developed ovaries and matured body. The father of Lina’s Gerardo was never determined. Due to her age, doctors determined that...
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...Urban Legends Urban legend is any modern fictional story passed on from person to person told us truth. Urban legend as often false but sometimes they are inspired by an actual event but evolved into something different from person to person. Urban legends are characterized by combination of humor, horror, warning, morality or appeal to empathy. Urban legends are passed on from friend to a friend. It’s human nature to go to spread this feeling to others as people lore to till good story. In past 10 years there has been huge surge of urban legends on internet. The most common is forwarded e-mail. Here the story is not reinterpreted by each person who passes it on. Having the original story gives e-mail legends a felling of legitimacy. It will always be a human nature to tell bizarre stories and there will always be an audience waiting to believe them. No matter how much information technology we develop’ human being will be drawn in by unsubstantiated rumor. The urban legend is a part of our makeup. One urban legend was about Katie and Paul once paked at Ecliobay came access news about a rapist killer who escaped from prison. Instead of a right hand he had a hook. When Katie and Paul went home and opened door they saw a hook hanging on door handle. For decades “The Hook” story appeared as a genuine letter in “Dear Abby”, newspaper advice column and many students heard this story in grade school. Another urban legend is about “Kentucky Fried Rat”. It’s about a woman did not...
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...Search Wikipedia Edit Watch this page Urban agriculture An urban farm in Chicago Urban agriculture, urban farming or urban gardening is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around a village, town, or city.[1] Urban agriculture can also involve animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry, urban beekeeping, and horticulture. These activities occur in peri-urban areas as well, and peri-urban agriculture may have different characteristics.[2] Urban agriculture can reflect varying levels of economic and social development. In the global north, it often takes the form of a social movement for sustainable communities, where organic growers, ‘foodies,’ and ‘locavores’ form social networks founded on a shared ethos of nature and community holism. These networks can evolve when receiving formal institutional support, becoming integrated into local town planning as a ‘transition town’ movement for sustainable urban development. In the developing south, food security, nutrition, and income generation are key motivations for the practice. In either case, more direct access to fresh vegetables, fruits, and meat products through urban agriculture can improve food security and food safety. History Edit Huerto (vegetable garden or orchard) Romita, organization dedicated to urban agriculture located in the La Romita section of Colonia Roma, Mexico City Community wastes were used in ancient Egypt to feed urban farming.[3] In Machu Picchu, water was...
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...CARITAS UNIVERSITY AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU NAME: JOSEPH FLORENCE REG NO: URP/2012/064 COURSE: URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING CODE: URP 212 LECTURER: PROF. ARTHUR DATE: FEBRUARY, 2015 URBAN PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA URBANIZATION IN NIGERIA Spurred by the oil boom prosperity of the 1970s and the massive improvements in roads and the availability of vehicles, Nigeria since independence has become an increasingly urbanized and urban oriented society. In 1970s, Nigeria had possibly the fastest urbanization growth rate in the world as a result of great influx of people into urban areas, in 1986; the growth rate was estimated to be close to 6% per year more than twice that of the rural population. Between 1970 and 1980, the population of Nigerians living in Urban areas was estimated to have grown from 16 to more than 20% and by 2010, urban population was expected to be more than 40% at the nation’s total population. Although Nigeria did not have the highest population or urban population in sub-Saharan Africa. It had larger cities and the highest total urban population at any sub-Saharan African country. Available data reveal that the population of Nigeria has been increasing at an alarming rate. Our towns and cities are growing rapidly. In 1921, the population of Nigeria was only 18.72 million. In 1952, it rose to 30.4 million and in 1963 to 55.67 million. The preliminary census data for 1991 (although the 1991 census figure...
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