...Shkilko Group 5 – Case Solution Submitted: April 3, 2013 Braddock Industries Inc. Long-Term Incentive Compensation System Evaluation Darren Bahadur Barima Peprah Daniel Niedra Hubery Zhao Historical Plans Plan 1 (1998-2002) Although Braddock was a privately held company during this time, the long-term incentive plan involved a stock-based component (case Exhibit 4) and as well as an annual performance bonus based on the matrix illustrated in case Exhibit 6. The good * Since management compensation is tied to firm performance, managers are incentivized to keep costs under control and maintain profitability. However, it is important to balance cost-controls with long-term growth. * The 5-year measurement cycle provides an adequate horizon for management decision-making and should motivate managers to take on projects that add long-term value to the firm. * Although the exact calculation of the performance factor was not described in detail, the plan appears to be fairly straightforward and easy to understand for both managers and stakeholders. Furthermore, the inputs of the performance factor are common metrics and its calculation is likely a weighted average of these factors. The bad * With respect to the valuation of equity securities of a private firm, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants has established guidelines for private firms using stock-based compensation plans to derive market value of equity. The guideline recommends three...
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...International Financial Management Case Analysis of: The Continuing Transformation of Asahi Glass: Implementing EVA TABLE OF CONTENTS * BACKGROUND * CORPORATE GOVERNANCE * FEATURES IN ASIA * MAIN BANK * ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE * IMPLEMENTING EVA 1. ADVANTAGES 2. DISADVANTAGES * PREFERENCE TO EVA * RECOMMENDATION Background Asahi Glass is an MNC, based in japan. Its products include flat glass, chemicals, and electronics and displays. It was reorganized by “Ishizu”. It captures annual sales of about 1.3 trillion and is considered largest global market leader in most of its product categories. It has almost more than 200 subsidiaries and operates in more than 25 countries. . The company reformed in corporate governance and the new management system for resource allocation and performance measurement is based on economic value added (EVA). In this case our analysis is focused on influence of bank system on corporation, corporate governance reform, difficulties the president faced in reform. Moreover, we also discuss EVA system, its effectiveness and pros and cons. Corporate Governance It is set of mechanism that describes the relationship between board of directors, top management and shareholders, means it takes into account the self-interested controllers of company. It also deals with agency problem. It contains two models: one is ‘control model’; that discusses control from inside boards...
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...Management Control System Notes Ch. 1 – The Nature of MCS Simons Levers of Control Belief systems: empower individuals and encourage them to search for new opportunities. They communicate core values and inspire all participants to commit to the organization’s purpose. COMMITMENT Boundary systems: establish the rules of the game and identify actions and pitfalls that employees must avoid. PUNISHMENT Diagnostic controls systems: allow managers to ensure that important goals are being achieved efficiently and effectively. They eliminate the manager’s burden of constant monitoring. However, they can create pressures that can lead to control failures. Interactive control systems: enable top‐level managers to focus on strategic uncertainties, to learn about threats and opportunities as competitive conditions change, and to respond proactively. * Management control systems are set in place to help a company achieve their organizational strategy and goals. * Work of management: planning, directing and motivating, and controlling. * An organization consists of a group of people who work together to achieve certain common goals. * The CEO or senior management decides on the overall strategies that will enable the organization to meet its goals. * The management control process is the process by which managers at all levels ensure that the people they supervise implement the organization’s strategies. * System: a prescribed and usually repetitious way of...
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...BENCHMARKING Benchmarking is a valuable method by which an organization can use to measure their performance and internal processes. By comparing themselves with organizations that in excel in best business practices, top management can use benchmarking as a tool for driving continuous improvement throughout the organization and to gain advantage over competitors such as reducing costs, increasing productivity and better aligning product (Fleisher amd Bensoussan, 2007). Benchmarking began in the late 1950s as a natural development of early Japanese practices focusing on a clear desire to improve. Then, Xeros Corportation in America adopted a similar vigorous approach in 1979 which start the term “Benchmarking” by investigating the practices of Fuji Xerox in Japan. The improvement opportunities that were identified and put into place resulted in Xerox’s benefits and let to Best Practice Benchmarking (Bendell et al., 1993). Table: Advantages and disadvantages of benchmarking ADVANTAGES | DISADVANTAGES | Powerful Competitive Analysis Tool | Copycat syndrome | Objective stretch goal setting & performance measurement | High rate of failure | Flexibility | What works well in one organization might not work in another | Removal of blind spots | Benchmarking is resource intensive | Improves cost efficiencies & quality | No firm does everything the best | Not reinventing the wheel but redesigning it | Low-performing firms have a disadvantage | Media recognition...
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...FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND THEIR EFFECTS By Evanti Firstadea (105020307121003) Rosyida Mardyana (105020307121011) University of Brawijaya Economics and Business Faculty Accounting Major FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND THEIR EFFECTS INTRODUCTION The primary objective of for-profit organizations is to maximize shareholder (or owner) value, or firm value for short. Thus, the results-control ideal would be to reward each individual employee for doing what s/he does to increase firm value. However, because direct measurements of the individuals’ contributions to value creation are rarely possible, firms have to look for measurement and control alternatives. A commonly cited management axiom is: what you measure is what you get. This axiom works in practice because performance measures are linked to any of a number of incentives that employees value. Employees respond to these incentives. The measures, then, play valuable motivational, or decision influencing, roles. But what performance measure (or measures) should be used? At managerial levels of organizations, both at the corporate and entity levels, job responsibilities are both broad and varied. In common jargon, managers are said to be multitasking. Reflecting that task variety, the list of measures used in practice to motivate and evaluate managers’ performances is long. However, these measures can be classified into three broad categories. Two of these categories include summary, single-number,...
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...Corporate governance intended to: * Strengthen the effectiveness of a company’s board of directors * Verify the transparency of firm’s operations * Enhance accountability to shareholders * Effectively incentivize executives, and in an overall sense * Maximize the firm’s ability to create value for stakeholders and especially for shareholders Summary * Corporate governance is the set of mechanisms used to manage the relationship among stakeholders and to determine and control the strategic direction and performance of organization. Effective governance that aligns managers’ decisions with shareholder’s interests can help produce a competitive advantage for the firm. * Three internal governance mechanisms (1) Ownership concentration, (2) The board of directors, (3) Executive compensation. The market of corporate control is an external governance mechanism. This market is a set of potential owners seeking to acquire undervalued firms and earn above-average returns on their investments by replacing ineffective top-level management team. * Ownership is separated from control in the modern corporation. Owners hire managers to make decisions that maximize the firm’s value. Thus, modern corporations are characterized by an agency relationship that is created when one party hires and pays another party to use its decision making skills. As risk-bearing specialists, owners diversify their risk by investing in multiple corporations with different...
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...A Blueprint for Corporate Governance Fred R. Kaen AMACOM AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION A Blueprint for Corporate Governance This Page Intentionally Left Blank A Blueprint for Corporate Governance Strategy, Accountability, and the Preservation of Shareholder Value Fred R. Kaen American Management Association New York • Atlanta • Brussels • Buenos Aires • Chicago • London • Mexico City San Francisco • Shanghai • Tokyo • Toronto • Washington, D. C. Special discounts on bulk quantities of AMACOM books are available to corporations, professional associations, and other organizations. For details, contact Special Sales Department, AMACOM, a division of American Management Association, 1601 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Tel.: 212-903-8316. Fax: 212-903-8083. Web site: www.amacombooks.org This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kaen, Fred R. A blueprint for corporate governance : strategy, accountability, and the preservation of shareholder value / Fred R. Kaen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8144-0586-X 1. Corporate governance. 2. Corporate governance—United...
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...regulation on the activities performed by all public companies by issuing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOA) and creating the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). It was now required that the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of each company signed a statement on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control and that the external auditors issued a report on this management’s statement, besides their previously required report on the fair presentation of its financial statements. The auditors became also subject to many regulations on the quality controls of their procedures and were now going to be overseen by the PCAOB. The objective of this essay is to analyze how the initial regulation on public companies itself provided the incentives for the existence of the Enron case and several similar cases and how additional regulation on the activities of public companies...
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...where they were complaining that management accounting techniques emerged centuries ago, are still used, but they no longer relevant in today’s highly competitive environment. CHAPTER 5 - CONTROLLING THE MULTI DIVISIONAL ORGANIZATION 64. What are the two major obstacles to the success of the integrated firm? 1. Complexity - or the bureaucratic paralysis caused by complexity. 2. Management indifference to the owner's goals (p.94). This potential problem resulted when managers replaced owners in performing the managerial functions. 65. How did the integrated firms cope with these problems? Multi divisional firms might have developed better accounting systems, (e.g., using Church's ideas) but instead they coped with these obstacles using decentralization (p.94-96). In decentralized firms, top management plans strategy, while subordinate managers coordinate and control operating activities (p.97). 66. What was the New Use Developed For ROI? J&K indicate that ROI was used to delegate responsibility and allocate funds, i.e., capital (p.98). (Note: Technically, responsibility can be assigned, but not delegated. The authority to act on one's behalf can be delegated as when someone is hired to do a tax return, but the taxpayer is still responsible.) 67. Success of multi divisional firms depends on the management accounting system to perform three task better than the capital markets. What are they? 1. Provide strong profit incentives for managers. 2. Internal audits...
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...6&7 – Variance analysis Variance analysis: Reason for variance: 1.Price/rate/spending variances: Standard is out of date; Standard set without due care; Efficient or inefficient buying (e.g., discounts); Buying different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non-usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date, set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour, deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in the production process.Learning period associated with process changes.Efficiencies from different quality of material or labour from standard; More efficient manufacturing than expected in the standard; Materials not being available causing idle time; Poor production scheduling; Industrial disputes; Materials not properly recorded in and out of storeroom. 3.Fixed overhead volume: Standard is out of date; Standard set without due care, i.e. poor estimation of denominator activity; Any occurrence causing the firm to produce a number of units different from budgeted production. Standard costing is an acceptable method of valuing inventories under AASB102 provided the following requirements satisfied: results approximate actual ; normal levels of materials, labour, efficiency...
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...Draft - Corporate Governance Considerations This material was prepared by Eliot H. Sherman – July 2005 FOCUS Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Understand the issues related to agency and delegated responsibility. Describe the similarities and the differences in the corporate scandals that have been identified in the past few years Identify the responsibilities of managers to the shareholders and other stakeholders associated with their corporations. OVERVIEW Corporate governance is not a new topic. It has been around for many years, often described as the “agency issue.” However, in recent years it has taken on increased significance, demanding increased attention. Since 2001, in particular, the corporate marketplace has seen a significant number of headline grabbing scandals involving major corporations. These scandals have raised new questions about corporate governance and, as a direct consequence of some of these situations, the U.S. Congress passed a very broad piece of legislation called the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This law has had a wide range of consequences directly affecting large public corporations and public accounting firms and, less specifically, smaller public firms, private corporations, not-forprofit organizations and regulatory entities in many different ways. This law mandates some specific actions for large public corporations, many of these actions being required shortly after the legislation passed and others in...
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...information necessary to identify the most profitable products and the pricing and marketing strategies to achieve the desired volume levels; v Provide information to detect production inefficiencies to ensure that the proposed products and volumes are produced at minimum costs; v When combined with the performance evaluation and reward systems, create incentives for managers to maximize firm value; v Support the financial accounting and tax accounting reporting functions; v Contribute more to firm value than it costs. Economic Darwinism (strong organizations will survive) Two caveats must be raised concerning too strict an application of economic Darwinism: v Some surviving operating procedures can be neutral mutations. Just because a system survives does not mean that its benefits exceed its costs. Benefits less costs might be close to zero. v Just because a given system survives does not mean it is optimal. A better system might exist but has not yet been discovered. Management accountant’s role in the organization We cannot stress the importance of the internal control system too much. The most basic conflicts of interest between employees and owners is theft. To reduce the likelihood of embezzlement, firms...
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...Primary objective of the corporation Management has one basic, overriding goal – to create value for stockholders. Stockholders own the firm - it legally belongs to them. That ownership position gives stockholders the right to elect the directors, who then hire the executives who actually run the company. The directors, as representatives of the stockholders, determine managers’ compensation, presumably rewarding them if performance is superior or replacing them if performance is poor. Of course, there are some constraints on what management can do when working to create value for stockholders. Management can’t engage in illegal employment practices, create monopolies to exploit consumers, violate anti-pollution laws, or engage in prohibited activities. For most companies and at most times, managers do focus on shareholder value maximization, because in the long run stockholders do remove directors and managers who fail in their fiduciary duty. There are events that refocus managers’ attention on the interests of stockholders. First, stock ownership has become increasingly concentrated in the hands of institutional investors, and their holdings are so large they would depress a stock’s price if they simply dumped it. Therefore, institutional investors are now using proxy fights and takeovers to force changes in poorly performing companies. Second, the penalties for executives who violate their responsibility to shareholders have increased. Good managers focus...
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...For the exclusive use of h. abdelrahman, 2015. 9-107-038 REV: JANUARY 29, 2008 ROBERT S. KAPLAN RICARDO REISEN DE PINHO Amanco: Developing the Sustainability Scorecard A modern company must have a much broader and more sophisticated relationship with society, and must respond to issues that didn’t exist previously… Our strategy is the best for the sustainable creation of value. — Stephan Schmidheiny, Grupo Nueva and Amanco’s founder1 On January 9, 2006, CEO Roberto Salas arrived at the new Amanco headquarters in São Paulo after a long and strenuous tour through the company’s key units in Latin America. Salas had conducted intense and productive discussions about how to strengthen and standardize Amanco’s Sustainability Scorecard system (SSC), for use in executing Amanco’s new strategy. Amanco was Latin America’s biggest producer and marketer of plastic pipes and fittings for transporting fluid. It had dominant positions in Colombia and Ecuador, and was a major competitor in Brazil and Mexico. Amanco had become a top brand while establishing a reputation as a leading company in corporate social responsibility. Julio Moura, Amanco’s chairman, explained, “Customers want products that improve the society in which they exist and that protect the environment.”2 Salas reflected on the company’s recent financial performance (summarized in Exhibit 1): Amanco has lived by its triple bottom line values and become one of the Latin American’s most admired socially...
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...Unit 1: Role and Scope of management accounting 1.1The Role of the Management Accountant |Content |CLP |Text |Worked Example/Activity Ref | | | | | | |What is it? Provision of info financial and non-financial to decisions makers usually in|Pg 9 | |Activity 1 - the role of the| |the organisation | | |decision maker | | | | | | |Thought Process: | | | | |understanding what is required | | | | |calculating or compiling the information required | | | | |analysing, interpreting or understanding the information obtained | | | | |Making recommendations and drawing conclusions | | ...
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