...require you to research online and cite your source, please follow the directions below. | To research online, use Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Firefox, or another web browser and complete the following steps: 1. Choose one of the search engines listed below and type it into your browser. a. Google - http://www.google.com b. AltaVista - http://www.altavista.com c. Hotbot - http://www.hotbot.com d. Lycos - http://www.lycos.com e. Excite - http://www.excite.com f. WebCrawler - http://www.webcrawler.com 2. When the search engine page appears in your browser, you should see a text box on the page for you to enter your keyword(s), phrases or data. 3. Type in your key word(s), phrases or data and press “Enter” to initiate the search process. You should see a list of sites that contain information about the keyword(s), phrases or data you entered. 4. Select one of the links and click on it to find your answer to the question(s). 5. You may choose to repeat step four and click on a different link to verify your answer with a second source.To answer questions in your own words, use the following process: * When you answer a question using a website or a publication as a resource to help you respond, * You MUST paraphrase information in your own words. * You MUST properly give credit to an author by citing the source. * If you copy phases and sentences from resources, this is Plagiarism, which is illegal, and may result in...
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...McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, and his team found that one cause of slow web performance is a growing trend toward public Domain Name Systems (DNS), a form of database that translates Internet domain and host names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS services play a vital role in the Internet: every time a user visits a website, chats with friends, or sends email, his computer performs DNS look-ups before setting up a connection. Complex web pages often require multiple DNS look-ups before they start loading, so users' computers may perform hundreds of DNS look-ups a day. Most users are unaware of DNS, since Internet Service Providers (ISP) typically offer the service transparently. Over the last few years, companies such as Google, OpenDNS, and Norton DNS have begun offering "public" DNS services. While "private" DNS services, such as those offered by ISPs, may be misconfigured, respond slowly to queries, and go down more often, public DNS services offer increased security and privacy, and quicker resolution time. The arrangement is also beneficial for public DNS providers, who gain access to information about users' web habits. Bustamante and his team found that while using public DNS services may provide many benefits, users' web performance can suffer due to the hidden interaction of DNS with Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), another useful and equally transparent service in the web. CDNs help performance by offering exact replicas of website content...
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...these and maintaining continuous service for customers is to work with multiple DNS providers to build up resiliency and redundancy. The simplest step toward establishing redundancy is using multiple name servers. Many DNS providers already encourage this, usually suggesting that four to six separate name servers be configured for each domain name. This ensures that if one of the name servers fails, the next one on the list is tried, and so on until a connection...
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...Carlos Rush unit 10 IT 273 The Network layer is responsible for network logical addresses and routing control. Deliveries of packets are also a part of the Network layer’s responsibility. Routing is important because a router finds the best path to transfer packets from a computer, over the network, to the desired destination. The Network layer protocols consist of: Internet Protocol (IP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). Internet Protocol (IP) provides for the network identification through addressing and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)/ connectionless delivery of packets. IP moves the data from point A to point B and is known as the best-effort transmission because it does not exchange information to establish an end-to-end connection before starting a transmission. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a TCP/IP protocol that provides a device’s MAC address, based on its IP address. Anytime a computer communicates with another computer it needs to know its MAC address, which is hard-coded on the network adapter. TCP/IP uses Address Resolution Protocol to find a computer’s MAC address when the IP address The Transport layer protocols responsible for handling end-to-end communication issues and establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between computers. Transport layer is responsible for breaking down packets, ensuring all packets have been received, and flow control...
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...Unit 1: Exploring DNS Kaplan University IT 530 July 2, 2013 Unit 1: Exploring DNS A domain name system (DNS) serves an important role for those who wish to access other networks, which includes websites. DNS allows for users to be able to be able to access Internet websites through a unique name rather than having to memorize a lengthy set of numbers and periods. In addition, DNS allows for the physical hosting location of a network or website to change transparently without anyone noticing. This is more commonly referred to as when a website changes hosts. Furthermore, DNS serves important functions related to mail by allowing users to connect, send, and receive email messages based off of the DNS of the mail server for a specific network (Karrenberg, 2004). Exploring Hierarchies All domains follow a certain hierarchy top to bottom hierarchy. The order for this hierarchy is: 1. root domain 2. top level 3. second level 4. sub-domain The root domain is a top-level domain that refers to the Internet. This is mostly maintained by ICANN, which is a private organization that maintain this area. ICANN manages the internet protocol addresses as well as the DNS root zones. ICANN also manages the DNS policy on naming abilities for top level domains ("INETDAEMON.com," 2013). The level that most users will first visibly notice when connecting to a domain through DNS is the top level domain. In this domain is the area where users will see .com, .net, and .org,...
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...and other information, such as the address of its default gateway — useful if you want to know the IP address of your router’s web interface. To use the command, just type ipconfig into a Command Prompt window. You’ll see a list of all the network connections your computer is using. Look under Wireless LAN adapter if you’re connected to Wi-Fi or Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection if you’re connected to a wired network. ipconfig /flushdns – Flush Your DNS Resolver Cache If you change your DNS server, the effects won’t necessarily take place immediately. Windows uses a cache that remembers DNS responses it’s received, saving time when you access the same addresses again in the future. To ensure Windows is getting addresses from the new DNS servers instead of using old, cached entries, run the ipconfig /flushdns command after changing your DNS server. ping, tracert – Troubleshoot Network Connection Issues If you’re experiencing issues connecting to a website or other network connection issues, Windows and other operating systems have some standard tools you can use to identify problems. First, there’s the ping command. Type ping google.com and Windows will send packets to Google.com. Google will respond and...
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...1000BASE-ZX | SM fiber optic | 100km | 1000BASE-T | UTP (Cat5) | 100m | 5.1.4 The numeric prefix before BASE in the Ethernet standards defines the transmission speed. The postfix –T implies twisted pair. 5.2.1 A MAC address must be unique for every NIC produced because switches forward frames based on their destination MAC address and if more than one NIC in the same LAN were to have the same MAC address (including the last 24 bits in the MAC address) then the switches would be confused as to which NIC would get the frame. 5.2.2 Connection-specific DNS Suffix: att.net Description: Dell Wireless 1705 802.11b/g/n (2.4GHZ) Physical Address: 64-5A-04-CE-E2-44 DHCP Enabled: Yes IPv4 Address: 192.168.1.73 IPv4 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained: Wednesday, July 23, 2014 1:59:29 AM Lease Expires: Thursday, July 24, 2014 10:47:21 AM IPv4 Default Gateway: 192.168.1.254 IPv4 DHCP Server: 192.168.1.254 IPv4 DNS Server: 192.168.1.254 IPv4 WINS Server: NetBIOS over Tcpip Enabled: Yes...
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...http://www.ipass4sure.com 312-50 ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker http://www.ipass4sure.com/exams.asp?examcode=312-50 The 312-50 practice exam is written and formatted by Certified Senior IT Professionals working in today's prospering companies and data centers all over the world! The 312-50 Practice Test covers all the exam topics and objectives and will prepare you for success quickly and efficiently. The 312-50 exam is very challenging, but with our 312-50 questions and answers practice exam, you can feel confident in obtaining your success on the 312-50 exam on your FIRST TRY! ECCouncil 312-50 Exam Features - Detailed questions and answers for 312-50 exam - Try a demo before buying any ECCouncil exam - 312-50 questions and answers, updated regularly - Verified 312-50 answers by Experts and bear almost 100% accuracy - 312-50 tested and verified before publishing - 312-50 exam questions with exhibits - 312-50 same questions as real exam with multiple choice options Acquiring ECCouncil certifications are becoming a huge task in the field of I.T. More over these exams like 312-50 exam are now continuously updating and accepting this challenge is itself a task. This 312-50 test is an important part of ECCouncil certifications. We have the resources to prepare you for this. The 312-50 exam is essential and core part of ECCouncil certifications and once you clear the exam you will be able to solve the real life problems yourself.Want to take advantage of the Real 312-50...
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...Asymmetric Encryption Encryption that uses two keys: if you encrypt with one you may decrypt with the other MD5 Message Digest 5. A hashing funciton used to provide integrity. MD5 uses 128 bits. A hash is simply a number created by applying the algorithm to a file or message at different times. The hashes are compared to each other to verify that integrity has been maintained. IPSec 1) Set of protocols developed to support the secure exchange of packets IPv4 and IPv6 2) Operates at a low level in the OSI model (Layer 3) 3) Transparent security protocol for applications, users, and software OSI Model 7.Application 6.Presentation 5.Session 4.Transport 3.Network 2.Data 1.Physical OSI Model Layer 3-Network Handles the logical addressing and routing of traffic. First layer implemented within the software being used, specifically the OS. white-hat hacker security experts paid to find security holes in a system Black-hat hacker takes advantage of security vulnerabilities to gain unlawful access to private networks for personal gain Gray Hat Hackers Hackers in this class are “rehabilitated” hackers or those who once were on the “dark side" but are now reformed. For obvious reasons, not all people will trust a gray-hathacker. Ex: Kevin Mitnick Script kiddie An amateur hacker you lacks sophisticated computer skills. These are usually teenagers that don't use programs to hack into computer systems, instead use tools made by skilled hackers that...
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...Amazon With amazon services you choose a service plan based upon a completely virtual environment. Using a preconfigured AMI (amazon machine image) or creating your own with its own set of network permissions and protocols. This also chooses instance types you may want. Multiple services using AMI and with that utilize static endpoints or attach persistent block storage to said instances. The resources you use is what you will pay for out of the total plan you have chosen based upon time or data transfer. Amazon also has an elastic block store based service with offers persistent storage for amazon EC2 instances. EC2 is a program which you decide a system to boot into it so it can be stopped and restarted with the whim of the client. With this the EBS volumes can be measured and observed by the client. EC2 also provides multiple locations. This is based mainly open regions and available zones. Elastic or dynamic IP addresses are available for wireless and mobile devices that will use these cloud services. Virtual private could is a thing all its own that will create logically isolated sections of the amazon web services which you can launch within your AWS resources to create a virtual network which you can also select your own section of IP addresses, subnets, and configuration of your route tables, networks and gateways. Within these services a Virtual private network (VPN). Amazon cloud watch is a service that monitors your data. This gives stats, graphs, and alarms when...
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...the Internet * Application layer, network layer (TCP/IP) Applications layer (e.g. HTTP, FTP) specifies how application programs communicate. Network layer (e.g. TCP/IP) consists of transport layer and internet layer. Transport layer (TCP) breaks, reassembles messages into packets. Internet layer (IP) specifies the address a packet is headed to. * Internet addressing and architecture: means to finding stuff * Describe the major parts of a URL and implications of URLs and domain names URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is means of identifying files on the web. “Application transfer protocol://host name.domain name.top-level domain/path/file” Domain name is the unique name assigned to an IP address. * Describe how DNS works DNS is a distributed database of...
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...your personal information. If you receive a call like this, hang up, call the company the bogus technician claimed to be from, and report the incident to a legitimate representative. If there really is a problem, they'll be able to tell you; if not, you just thwarted a data thief. 2. DNS Redirection Internet service providers (ISPs) such as Time Warner Cable and Optimum Online claim they're trying to help with DNS redirection, but the reality seems to come down to money. Domain Name System (DNS) redirection overrides your browser's normal behavior when you can't reach a webpage. Instead of displaying the normal 404 "File Not Found" error, the ISP sends you to a page of the ISP's choosing usually a page full of paid advertising and links. Innocent though that practice may be, computer viruses can do the same thing,redirecting your browser to a hostile page the first time you misspell a domain. With ISPs, you can opt out of their DNS redirection (you'll find links below all the ads); with viruses, stay on your toes. Make sure you know what your browser's default 404 page looks like, and take action if you see anything different. 3. Open DNS Resolvers Another danger lies in the way some DNS servers are configured. An "open resolver" can offer information it isn't authorized to provide. Not only are open resolvers exploited in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks...
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...Current browser security models were not designed to support such applications and they are therefore implemented with insecure workarounds. In this paper, we present a secure component model, where components are provided by different trust domains, and can interact using a communication abstraction that allows ease of specification of a security policy. We have developed an implementation of this model that works currently in all major browsers, and addresses challenges of communication integrity and frame-phishing. An evaluation of the performance of our implementation shows that this approach is not just feasible but also practical. The technology discussed in this paper allows mutually mistrusting client-side components to communicate safely without any modifications to current browsers, and hence has the potential to achieve immediate and widespread adoption. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.2.0 [General]: Protection mechanisms, D.2.11 [Software Architectures]: Information hiding, domain-specific General Terms: Security, design. Keywords: Web 2.0, browser, mashup, component model, phishing. 1. INTRODUCTION Web applications increasingly rely on extensive scripting on the client-side (browser) using readily available JavaScript libraries. One motivation for this is to enable a browser user experience...
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...Amazon With amazon services you choose a service plan based upon a completely virtual environment. Using a preconfigured AMI (amazon machine image) or creating your own with its own set of network permissions and protocols. This also chooses instance types you may want. Multiple services using AMI and with that utilize static endpoints or attach persistent block storage to said instances. The resources you use is what you will pay for out of the total plan you have chosen based upon time or data transfer. Amazon also has an elastic block store based service with offers persistent storage for amazon EC2 instances. EC2 is a program which you decide a system to boot into it so it can be stopped and restarted with the whim of the client. With this the EBS volumes can be measured and observed by the client. EC2 also provides multiple locations. This is based mainly open regions and available zones. Elastic or dynamic IP addresses are available for wireless and mobile devices that will use these cloud services. Virtual private could is a thing all its own that will create logically isolated sections of the amazon web services which you can launch within your AWS resources to create a virtual network which you can also select your own section of IP addresses, subnets, and configuration of your route tables, networks and gateways. Within these services a Virtual private network (VPN). Amazon cloud watch is a service that monitors your data. This gives stats, graphs, and alarms when...
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...information about a target. In this lab, you performed technical research against three Web domains using Internet search tools. You collected public domain information about an organization using the Google search engine to uncover information available on the Internet. Finally, you recorded the information you uncovered in a research paper, describing how this information can make an organization vulnerable to hackers. Lab Assessment Questions & Answers 1 What information can you obtain by using the WHOIS tool contained within Sam Spade? Domain owner, including contact names, numbers, addresses, and the names of associated servers. 2 Besides the WHOIS utility covered in this lab, what other functions did you discover are possible with the Sam Spade utility? That you can Ping, nslookup, Whois, IP Block, Dig, Traceroute, Finger SMTP Verify, Time, Blacklist, and Abuse Lookup. 3 What is the purpose of the tracert command? What useful information does the trace route tool provide? How can this information be used to attack the targeted website? It identify the network path that must be followed to reach one system from another. It provides the names and IP addresses of all intermediate systems and can be used to identify potential intermediate attack points, and can estimate the geographic location of the server. You can use this information by using the found network paths of all the systems to attack the targeted website. 4 Is Sam Spade an intrusive...
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