...Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are designed to handle specific types of attacks. It is evident that no single technique can guarantee protection against future attacks. Hence, there is a need for an integrated scheme which can provide robust protection against a complete spectrum of threats. Therefore, in this term paper, I will emphasize on recent implementations of IDS on Cloud Computing environments in terms of security and privacy. I propose an effective and efficient model termed as the Integrated Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) which combines both IDS and IPS in a single mechanism. Mine mechanism also integrates two techniques namely, Anomaly Detection (AD) and Signature Detection (SD) that can work in cooperation to detect various numbers of attacks and stop them through the capability of IPS. 2. What is IDS? An intrusion detection system (IDS) inspects all inbound and outbound network activity and identifies suspicious patterns that may indicate a network or system attack from someone attempting to...
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...because of congestion. However, networks with wireless and other lossy links also suffer from significant losses due to bit errors and handoffs. TCP responds to all losses by invoking congestion control and avoidance algorithms, resulting in degraded end-to-end performance in wireless and lossy systems. The proposed solutions focus on a variety of problems, starting with the basic problem of eliminating the phenomenon of congestion collapse, and also include the problems of effectively using the available network resources in different types of environments (wired, wireless, high-speed, long-delay, etc.). In a shared, highly distributed, and heterogeneous environment such as the Internet, effective network use depends not only on how well a single TCP based application can utilize the network capacity, but also on how well it cooperates with other applications transmitting data through the same network. Our survey shows that over the last 20 years many host-to-host techniques have been developed that address several problems with different levels of reliability and precision. There have been enhancements allowing senders to detect fast packet losses and route changes. Other techniques have the ability to estimate the loss rate, the bottleneck buffer size, and level of congestion. Keywords Computer Networks, TCP, Congestion Control, Congestion Collapse, Packet Reordering...
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...The Fear in Aviation Maintenance Aircraft maintenance is arguably one of the best managed maintenance practices across different industries. Aircraft maintenance operations in the US are usually closely monitored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) which ensures that the maintenance practices are done in a proper manner. Despite this oversight, maintenance errors still occur and have been, on many occasions, stated as the main cause of aircraft accidents. Knowledge of the factors that contribute to maintenance errors and therefore aircraft accidents can go a long way in enabling the industry regulars to draft precautionary measures and safety protocols to reduce the occurrence of these accidents. I. Factors contributing to maintenance errors Human factors, management factors, and structure factors are the most common factors that contribute to errors during the maintenance of aircraft (Stolzer, Halford & Goglia, 2012). Of the three factors, human factors account for the majority maintenance errors and therefore majority of aircraft accidents. There are numerous factors that can directly or indirectly contribute to human factors in maintenance errors can be categorized into the three groups of individual factors, job factors and organizational factors. Individual factors are those capabilities and attributes of an individual that may cause the individual to commit an error. These factors include their habits, personal attitudes, skills, personalities and their competence...
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...detailed 3 dimensional anatomical images of the human body in any direction by using a magnetic field and radio waves. The pictures provide information that can be useful in diagnosing a wide variety of diseases and conditions. Radio waves cause the molecules to create faint signals that are used to view the body in narrow, axial slices. How does MRI Work? An MRI scanner has a large magnet with a tube shaped tunnel through the middle. The MRI machine picks up signals from the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms in the body. A computer converts these signals them into a black and white picture. The magnets from the MRIs develops a strong magnetic field that makes the protons to align with the field. When the radiofrequency pulses are sent in, the protons are stimulated and makes them non-equilibrium, a state of the chemical reaction in which the opposing forces are not balanced. When the pulses are off, the particles produce electrical signals...
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...can also position you to significantly enhance the customer experience as you listen in on candid conversations about your products and services. Enabling sentiment analysis HP Live Customer Intelligence enables organizations to systematically gather market intelligence with unprecedented scope, accuracy, and transparency. Through advanced sentiment analysis capabilities, we translate an overwhelming volume of data into market understanding and help you create market-driven products and services that reflect the voice of the customer. Managing social intelligence Leverage social intelligence HP Live Customer Intelligence is a sophisticated social intelligence engine that makes it easier to use the power of social media. Developed using cutting-edge HP Labs research around sentiment...
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...DISCRETIONARY ACCRUAL Earning manipulation has been an important issue to economists, investors, regulators, and publics because they usually use financial statement to measure company’s performance. There are two possibilities that could be done with revenues. First, increasing the revenues by recording the revenue earlier so it could increase. Second, decreasing the revenues by recording the revenue later so the numbers in financial report could decrease. Costs and expenses could be increased and decreased by relying on discretionary costs (Roychowdury, 2006). In order to make financial report, accrual accounting has been chosen because it is more rational and fair by stating the performance in reality. Financial statement users fascinated in how discretionary accrual should be understood, like how the numbers enhance or lessen the informative of reported earnings. Corporate financial reports use accrual accounting rather than cash accounting because accrual recording costs and benefits incorporate with economic transaction and it uses net income as primary periodic performance. Cash accounting does not record the full transaction of the full economic because it records the production costs, but not the potential cash received. It involves recording transactions when it enters or leaves. The advantages using cash accounting is because the transactions recorded are highly reliable because it has been completed and the amounts are specific. But, the earning measurement is not...
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...Wire-Map Testers A wire-map tester transmits signals through each wire in a copper twisted-pair cable to determine if it is connected to the correct pin at each end. Wire-map testers detect transposed wires, opens, and shorts which are all problems that can render a cable useless. A wire-map tester consists of a remote unit that you attach to the far end of a connection and the battery-operated, handheld main unit that displays the results. Typically, the tester displays various codes to describe the type of faults it finds, so you know which part of the cable you messed up on or what else may be wrong with it. Tone Generators Tone generators are the simplest type of copper cable tester. A tone generator is made up of two parts, a tone generator and a probe. These are sometimes referred to as a fox and hound wire tracer. With a standard jack, you connect to the cable the unit that transmits a signal, or, with an alligator clip, you connect the unit to an individual wire. The other unit is an inductive amplifier, which is a pen like probe that emits an audible tone when touched to the other end of the conductor. Tone generators are most often used to locate a specific connection in a punch-down block. Using a tone generator is extremely time-consuming and it is nearly as prone to errors as the cable installation. Time-Domain Reflectometers A TDR is the primary tool used to determine the length of a copper cable and to locate the impedance variations that are caused by opens...
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...Application for Automated Evaluation of Student Essays Jill Burstein Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road, 18E Princeton, NJ 08541 jburstein@ets.org Martin Chodorow Department of Psychology Hunter College 695 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 martin.chodorow@hunter.cuny.edu Claudia Leacock Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road, 18E Princeton, NJ 08541 cleacock@ets.org Abstract This paper describes a deployed educational technology application: the CriterionSM Online Essay Evaluation Service, a web-based system that provides automated scoring and evaluation of student essays. Criterion has two complementary applications: E-rater®, an automated essay scoring system and Critique Writing Analysis Tools, a suite of programs that detect errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics, that identify discourse elements in the essay, and that recognize elements of undesirable style. These evaluation capabilities provide students with feedback that is specific to their writing in order to help them improve their writing skills. Both applications employ natural language processing and machine learning techniques. All of these capabilities outperform baseline algorithms, and some of the tools agree with human judges as often as two judges agree with each other. 2. Application Description Criterion contains two complementary applications that are based on natural language processing (NLP) methods. The scoring application, e-rater®, extracts linguisticallybased features from an essay...
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...important they are detected so appropriate action can be taken to minimise their harm if malignant or to exploit a newly discovered opportunity. Chandola, Banerjee and Kumar (2007) conducted a comprehensive survey of outlier detection techniques, which highlighted the importance of detection across a wide variety of domains. Their survey described the categories of outlier detection, applications of detection and detection techniques. Chandola et al. identified three main categories of outlier detection - supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised detection. Each category utilises different detection techniques such as classification, clustering, nearest neighbour and statistical. Each category and technique has several strengths and weaknesses compared with other outlier detection methods. This review provides initial information on data labelling and classification before examining some of the existing outlier detection techniques within each of the three categories. It then looks at the use of combining detection techniques before comparing and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, a new classification technique is proposed using a new outlier detection algorithm, Isolation Forest. DATA LABELLING Datasets normally consist of many data instances with each instance usually containing one to many attributes. Each attribute may take a predetermined value such as numerical, nominal or binary or the value may be missing. Data labelling...
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...POLYGRAPHY INTRODUCTION: The idea of using a polygraph for lie detection emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. Despite major technological advances in the twentieth century, the polygraph has evolved little since its invention. The polygraph works under the assumption that lies can be detected by certain measurable physiological changes, a theory proposed more than 100 years ago. The three physiological vectors measured in polygraphs in the 1920s cardiovascular, respiratory and perspiratory activities are still measured by modern polygraphs. Although the polygraph is still widely used, critics question its accuracy because of the subjectivity involved in the test. Recent technological breakthroughs have created new machines for lie detection. However, since many of these new technologies still operate under questionable assumptions, they are still prone to error and misinterpretation. Perhaps one of the most fascinating and misunderstood tools of the criminal justice and criminology industry is the polygraph exam, more commonly known as the lie detector test. While the tests are based on relatively simple scientific principles, not just anyone can strap you up to an instrument and start firing away with questions. Lie detector tests are instead conducted by highly trained and disciplined technicians, known as polygraph examiners. LIE DETECTION AND FORENSIC PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY * Lie Detection * It is also referred to as deception detection which uses questioning...
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...CEG 4392 Computer Systems Design Project SENSOR-BASED ROBOT CONTROL Robotics has matured as a system integration engineering field defined by M. Bradley as “the intelligent connection of the perception to action”. Programmable robot manipulators provide the “action” component. A variety of sensors and sensing techniques are available to provide the “perception”. t ROBOTIC SENSING Since the “action” capability is physically interacting with the environment, two types of sensors have to be used in any robotic system: “proprioceptors” for the measurement of the robot’s (internal) parameters; “exteroceptors” for the measurement of its environmental (external, from the robot point of view) parameters. Data from multiple sensors may be further fused into a common representational format (world model). Finally, at the perception level, the world model is analyzed to infer the system and environment state, and to assess the consequences of the robotic system’s actions. 1. Proprioceptors From a mechanical point of view a robot appears as an articulated structure consisting of a series of links interconnected by joints. Each joint is driven by an actuator which can change the relative position of the two links connected by that joint. Proprioceptors are sensors measuring both kinematic and dynamic parameters of the robot. Based on these measurements the control system activates the actuators to exert torques so that the articulated mechanical structure performs the desired...
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...[pic] KISII UNIVERSITY COURSE TITLE: COMPUTING FOR MANAGEMENT COURSE CODE: MBAD 661 FACILITATOR: MR. MAKHULO INTERNET OF THINGS |No. |Name |ADM |SIGNATURE | |1 |Vane B. B. Onwonga |KSU/NRB/012/015 | | |2 |Eric Ombasa |CBM12/10183/15 | | |3 |Vincent Master Oseko |CBM12/10220/15 | | Table of Contents What is Internet of Things 1 The Advantages of IoT 2 The Disadvantages of IoT 4 Scenarios: 6 Challenges and Concerns 8 WAYS THE INTERNET OF THINGS IS CHANGING THE WORLD 10 ENVIRONMENT 10 RECOMMENDATIONS 24 In particular, policymakers should do the following: 24 Diagram illustrating IoT 27 References 28 THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) What is Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) is an environment in which objects, animals or people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT...
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...James Butler Tuesday, January 27, 2015 Project Management The paper describes one of the possible ways how to easily detect problem’s root cause by using the IS - IS NOT analysis tool. A major benefit of the IS - IS NOT Analysis is its documentation of circumstances leading to the problem as well as those not associated with the problem. IS – IS NOT analysis as an efficient way to narrow the search for a root cause. Key words problem root cause, analysis, problem detection, quality improvement Modern problems solving tools Modern quality management uses different kind of tools and methods to detect a problem root cause. There are plenty of problem solving tools to use. It is only up the team problem solving team leader to choose what kind of tool to use. Organizations mainly use 7 basic tools of quality management to detect the root cause of a problem, such as Ishikawa Chart (Identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem and sorts ideas into useful categories), Pareto Chart (Shows on a bar graph which factors are more significant), Check list (A structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data; a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes). Some organizations prefer to use the so-called new quality management tools: Affinity diagram (organizes a large number of ideas into their natural relationships), Relation Chart (shows cause-and-effect relationships and helps you analyze the natural links between different...
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...The survey conducted of Corporation Tech existing hosts, while using NetWitness Investigator found that the company does not have a properly configured DMZ which exposes an organizations external services to the internet. Adding an additional layer to the security LAN will help the organization against any outside hackers. Another issue found was that the company did not have secure remote access to their computers while away from the organization. Granting access on a per-user basis only to those who have a bona fide need to access the network remotely. Implementing a remote access to the organizations computers while keeping it secure via firewalls and VPN server will ensure protection from outside intruders. I recommend that you install a VPN server as well as Remote access security. One firewall with Network Address Translation (NAT) this will add to the security that will not be visible outside of the organization and another firewall without NAT which will be visible outside of the organization. Network Security Plan Purpose Computer and network security incidents have become a fact of life for most organizations that provide networked information technology resources including connectivity with the global Internet. Current methods of dealing with such incidents are at best piecemeal relying on luck, varying working practices, good will and unofficial support from a few individuals normally engaged in central network or systems support. This approach undoubtedly...
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...of Western Australia Associate Professor James Trevelyan School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the selection of a hydrogen concentration sensor for the use in the University of Western Australia’s Renewable Energy Vehicle (REV). Prior to selecting a sensor, it is important to consider the available sensing methods and the specific properties of the measurand, hydrogen. The selection process leading up to the purchase of two different hydrogen sensors from Neodym Technologies, is documented and finally the method of sensor calibration is outlined. 1 INTRODUCTION The University of Western Australia’s Renewable Energy Vehicle (REV) project aims to show the viability of using renewable energy as a means of transport. The vehicle will resemble the cars of today, but will be solely powered by a hybrid of hydrogen fuel and solar energy. The proposed car’s completion date is late 2005, allowing it to be driven around Australia in 2006. The REV requires numerous amounts of measured physical quantities for both data logging and controlling the car’s systems. For each measured physical quantity, a sensor is required to convert this quantity into an electrical signal. Safety is always first priority, and for this reason hydrogen leak safety sensors were given the highest priority on the list of required sensors. 2 HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable having an EL1 of 4.1–74.8 %...
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