...Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem A1 (Bond Valuation) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem A10 (Dividend discount model) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem A12 (Required return for a preferred stock) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem A14 (Stock Valuation) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem B16 (Interest-rate risk) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem B18 (Default risk) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem B20 (Constant growth model) FIN 571 W2 Ch 7 Problem C1 (Beta and required return) FIN 571 Week 2 Individual Assignment Text Problem Sets Get Tutorial by Clicking on the link below or Copy Paste Link in Your Browser https://hwguiders.com/downloads/fin-571-week-2-individual-assignment-text-problem-sets/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem A1 (Bond Valuation) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem A10 (Dividend discount model) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem A12 (Required return for a preferred stock) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem A14 (Stock Valuation) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem B16 (Interest-rate risk) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem B18 (Default risk) FIN 571 W2 Ch 5 Problem B20 (Constant growth model) FIN 571 W2 Ch 7 Problem C1 (Beta and required return) FIN 571 Week 2 Individual Assignment Text Problem Sets Get Tutorial by Clicking on the link below or Copy Paste Link in Your Browser...
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...1997. Copyright in all or part of this publication rests with the RICS, and save by prior consent of the RICS, no part or parts shall be reproduced by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, now known or to be devised. Reprinted 2001 Printed by Quorn Litho Contents Information Papers Executive Summary Preface 1 1.1 1.2 1 .3 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 4 5 7 Valuation and Calculation of Worth A discussion of the role of the valuer and the distinction between valuation, appraisal and calculation of worth. Introduction Valuation and Calculation of Worth Pricing Models-Valuation 9 9 9 10 Appraisal Mathematics A study of present value theory, net present value and internal rate of return. Introduction Net Present Value (NPV) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 11 The Valuation of Rack-rented Property A comparison of DCF and conventional approaches to...
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...THEORY OF VALUATION You may recall from your studies in accounting, economics, or corporate finance that the value of an asset is the present value of its expected returns. Specifically, you expect an asset to provide a stream of returns during the period of time you own it. To convert this estimated stream of returns to a value for the security, you must discount this stream at your required rate of return. This process of valuation requires estimates of (1) the stream of expected returns and (2) the required rate of return on the investment. 11.3.1 Stream of Expected Returns(Cash Flows) - An estimate of the expected returns from an investment encompasses not only the size but also the form, time pattern, and the uncertainty of returns, which affect the required rate of return. Form of Returns The returns from an investment can take many forms, including earnings, cash flows, dividends, interest payments, or capital gains (increases in value) during a period. We will consider several alternative valuation techniques that use different forms of returns. As an example, one common stock valuation model applies a multiplier to a firm’s earnings, whereas another valuation model computes the present value of a firm’s operating cash flows, and a third model estimates the present value of dividend payments. Returns or cash flows can come in many forms, and you must consider all of them to evaluate an investment accurately. Time Pattern and Growth Rate of Returns You cannot...
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...firms and for strategic planning to generate value within the firm. • • Features of the approach: A disciplined approach to valuation: minimizes ad hockery – Built on theoretical and empirical findings from scientific research I ‘_ Marries fundamental analysis and financial statement analysis – Exploits accounting as a system for measuring value added – Exposes good (and “bad”) accounting from a valuation perspective L Financial Statement Analysis and Security Valuation • • • Integrates financial statement analysis with corporate finance Focuses on technologies that can be used in practice – Based on real world examples Adopts activist point of view to investing – The market may be inefficient 0-1 What Will You Learn from the Course Part I Financial statements and valuation Ch. 1-7 • How intrinsic values are calculated • What determines a firm’s value • How businesses are analyzed to assess the value they create • How financial analysis is developed for strategy and planning • The role of financial statements in determining firms’ values • How to pull apart the financial statements to get at the relevant information • How ratio analysis is employed in valuation • How growth is analyzed and valued • How to calculate the P/E and P/B ratio and what they should be • The value of operations • How to make forecasts and develop valuations • How to assess the quality of the accounting 0-2 _c I- By the end of the course, students should be able to develop...
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...model, and asset valuation: a synthesis MCDONALD John F. (College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA) E-mail: mcdonald@uic.edu Received Feb. 23, 2004; revision accepted Mar. 6, 2004 Abstract: The paper combines Tobin’s Q theory of real investment with the capital asset pricing model to produce a new and relatively simple procedure for the valuation of real assets using the income approach. Applications of the new method are provided. Key words: Investment theory, Asset pricing, Appraisal Document code: A CLC number: F832.48 INTRODUCTION This paper combines the economic theory of real investment and the standard financial model of asset pricing to produce a method for the valuation of real assets; and intentionally uses relatively simple versions of these two theories to link economics, finance, and appraisal. Numerical examples using data on real estate assets illustrate the valuation method. The Q theory of investment, introduced by James Tobin (1969), is popularly accepted theory of real investment hypothesized to be a positive function of Q, defined as the ratio of the market value to the replacement cost of capital. Standard presentation of the theory, such as that of Romer (1996), shows that Q is the value to the firm of an additional unit of capital, which is the discounted value of its future marginal revenue products. Extensions of the Q theory of investment have added uncertainty about future returns. An important article...
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...customer’s expectation. In order for Guillermo to improve his company, Guillermo has to seek other alternatives and make financial decisions to increase sales to make profits. The contents of the paper will examining Sensitivity Analysis, Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), multiple valuation techniques in reducing risks, calculate NPV for future cash flows and work out pro forma cash flow budget for the next five years for the organization and analyze the companies projected earnings (UOP, 2009). Analysis of Different Alternatives Guillermo has three available alternatives to evaluate the furniture store. First alternative is to keep itself in the current position. The current managers use capital budgeting techniques to find the best project among the group of projects. Current budget for Guillermo is $42,577 net income before taxes could observe capital markets for just a short time to convince consumer the market rates are not at a constant. Guillermo has to pay his laborer the amount of $20 to $30 an hour including overtime to perform the amount of work necessary to have quality furniture for consumers to choose from. However, only one expected/required return for a given risk level in an efficient capital market (Emery, Finnerty, and Stowe p. 189). Second alternative is the Hi-Tech...
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...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 1. How do you value a company? This question, or variations of it, should be answered by talking about 2 primary valuation methodologies: 1. Intrinsic value (discounted cash flow valuation) 2. Relative valuation (comparables/multiples valuation) * Intrinsic value (DCF) - This approach is the more academically respected approach. The DCF says that the value of a productive asset equals the present value of its cash flows. The answer should run along the line of “project free cash flows for 5-20 years, depending on the availability and reliability of information, and then calculate a terminal value. Discount both the free cash flow projections and terminal value by an appropriate cost of capital (weighted average cost of capital for unlevered DCF and cost of equity for levered DCF). In an unlevered DCF (the more common approach) this will yield the company’s enterprise value (aka firm and transaction value), from which we need to subtract net debt to arrive at equity value. Divide equity value by diluted shares outstanding to arrive at equity value per share. * Relative valuation (Multiples) - The second approach involves determining a comparable peer group – companies that are in the same industry with similar operational,...
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...Property yields as tools for valuation and analysis Rosane Hungria-Garcia in collaboration with Hans Lind Björn Karlsson This report has been sponsored by the Real Estate Academy at the Division of Building and Real Estate Economics. Stockholm 2004 ______________________________________________________ Report No. 52 Building & Real Estate Economics Department of Infrastructure KTH Summary This project was started in order to get an overview of conceptual problems, measurement problems, theories of determinants of yields, the use of yields in different contexts and how the actors on the Swedish market looked upon yields. Important issues discussed in the report is the need for: - Conceptual clarity: A number of different yield terms exist on the market and it is very important to be clear about how the specific terms are defined. - Operational clarity: There are measurement problems both concerning rental incomes, operating and maintenance costs and property values. This means that reported yields can be “manipulated” by choosing suitable operationalisations and pushing estimations of uncertain factors in directions that are favourable to the actor in question. - Specify the purpose for which the yield should be used. The most important distinction is between using yields/income returns for valuation purposes and using yields as benchmarks or bubble indicators. In the first case various types of normalization of the net operating income can be rational. In the second...
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...diversification Corporate Philosophy Markets are efficient The design of the portfolio as a whole should be more important than the selection of any particular security within the portfolio. The general rule is that Investors are risk averse. For a given risk level, an optimal combination of asset classes will maximize returns. Investment Style Passive Vehicle Style of investment Active Vehicle Investment Style Horizon (Long term Investment ) Life-cycle (often used in retirement plans) Asset Allocation Equities Growth Fixed Income Investments Capital Preservation Asset Allocation Asset-allocation is an attempt to provide investors with portfolio structures that address an investor's age, risk appetite and investment objectives with an appropriate apportionment of asset classes. Balance Fund Life-cycle (often used in retirement plans) Active Asset Selection Active asset selection strategies can be classified fairly broadly into four classes – Intrinsic valuation model relative valuation model technical analysis models Portfolio Optimization model How to Rebalance Your Portfolio Businesses are constantly assembling and adjusting their portfolios of assets in an attempt to increase the returns they earn and reduce the risks they face. For example, a grocery chain opens new locations while closing or selling underperforming stores Record Compare Adjust Conclusion Rebalancing your portfolio will help you maintain your original asset allocation strategy...
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...University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Wharton Research Scholars Journal 5-1-2006 Valuation of Venture Capital Securities: An Options Based Approach A. Lloyd Thomas University of Pennsylvania This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/36 For more information, please contact repository@pobox.upenn.edu. Wharton School Valuation of Venture Capital Securities: An Options Based Approach Disciplines Business | Finance and Financial Management This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/36 Valuation of Venture Capital Securities 1 Valuation of Venture Capital Securities An Options Based Approach Wharton Research Scholars 2005-2006 Investigator: A. Lloyd Thomas Supervising Professor: Dr. Raffi Amit Copyright © A. Lloyd Thomas, 2006 Valuation of Venture Capital Securities 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 3 Venture Capital Financing Negotiations......................................................................... 3 Venture Capital Securities .............................................................................................. 6 Common Stock...
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...Week 4 Study Guide: Business Valuation Readings and Key Terms • Ch. 5 of Fundamentals of Corporate Finance o Time value of money o Time zero o Future value (fv) o Principal o Simple interest o Compounding o Compound interest o Discounting o Discount rate o Present value (pv) o Rule of 72 • Ch. 6 o Annuity o Perpetuity o Ordinary annuity o Present value of an annuity (PVA) o Amortization o Future value of an annuity (FVA) o Annuity due o Annual percentage rate (APR) • Ch. 7 o Total holding period return o Expected return o Variance (σ2) o Standard deviation (σ) o Normal distribution o Portfolio o Diversification o Coefficient of variation (CV) o Covariance o Diversifiable and nondiversifiable risk o Market portfolio o Market risk o Beta (β) o Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) o Security market line (SML) • Ch. 8 o Coupon payments o Face value or par value o Coupon rate o Opportunity cost o Par value bonds o Discount bonds o Premium bonds o Yield to maturity o Effective annual rate (EAY) o Realized yield o Interest rate risk o Yield curve • Ch. 9 o Bid price o Offer (ask) price o Dividend yield o Common stock o Preferred stock Content Overview • Time value of money ...
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...The Little Book of Valuation Aswath Damodaran Stern School of Business 44 West Fourth Street, 9-‐96 New York, NY 10012 Email: adamodar@stern.nyu.edu Phone: 212-‐998-‐0340 First draft: October 14, 2010 Preface Knowing the value of an asset may not be a prerequisite for investing or a guarantee for success, but it does help us make more informed judgments. For most investors, though, valuing an asset seems to be a task that is far too complex and complicated for their skill sets. Consequently, they either depend upon those that they regard as professionals (equity research analysts, appraisers) for their valuations or ignore value entirely when investing. In this book, I hope to show that valuation, at its core, is simple and that anyone who is willing to spend some time collecting information and analyzing it, can ...
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...Answers to Review Questions 1. The real rate of interest is the rate that creates an equilibrium between the supply of savings and demand for investment funds. The nominal rate of interest is the actual rate of interest charged by the supplier and paid by the demander. The nominal rate of interest differs from the real rate of interest due to two factors: (1) a premium due to inflationary expectations (IP) and (2) a premium due to issuer and issue characteristic risks (RP). The nominal rate of interest for a security can be defined as r1 r* IP RP. For a 3-month U.S. Treasury bill, the nominal rate of interest can be stated as r1 r* IP. The default risk premium, RP, is assumed to be zero since the security is backed by the U.S. government; this security is commonly considered the risk-free asset. 2. The term structure of interest rates is the relationship of the rate of return to the time to maturity for any class of similar-risk securities. The graphic presentation of this relationship is the yield curve. 3. For a given class of securities, the slope of the curve reflects an expectation about the movement of interest rates over time. The most commonly used class of securities is U.S. Treasury securities. a. Downward sloping: Long-term borrowing costs are lower than short-term borrowing costs. b. Upward sloping: Short-term borrowing costs are lower than long-term borrowing costs. c. Flat: Borrowing costs are relatively similar for short- and long-term loans. The upward-sloping...
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...Analysis of macroeconomic and industry conditions affecting Virgin and Qantas in airline company industry. 2 2. Using Capital Asset Pricing Model to analysis two companies. 3 2.1 Risk-free interest rate 3 2.2 Market expected return 3 2.3 Beta 3 2.4 Expected return for two companies’ stocks using CAPM model 3 3. Comparative Equity Valuation – Qantas versus Virgin 4 4. Key financial ratios 5 4.1 Profitability Analysis 5 4.1.1Return on Asset (ROA) 5 4.2 Market price 5 4.2.1 Price-to-Earnings Ratio 5 4.3 Liquidity Analysis 6 4.3.1Current Ratio 6 4.4Debt and Long-term Solvency 6 4.4.1 Interest Coverage 6 4.4.2Leverage 6 4.5 overall analyses 6 5. An evaluation of firms’ strategic choices with the goal of creating shareholder value 7 6. Recommendation 7 Reference 8 Appendix 9 Executive summary Virgin and Qantas airline are two really important airlines in the aviation sector in Australia that listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. During our report, firstly, we analysis the Global and Australian macroeconomic environment, also including industry conditions affecting Virgin and Qantas in airline company industry. Secondly, a capital asset pricing model analysis is given for two companies’ stocks. Next part is the comparison of the Virgin and Qantas airline by the equity valuation. Then, there are some key financial ratios analysis of this two airline from the profitability analysis，market price，liquidity analysis and debt and long-term solvency. An evaluation...
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...VALUATION AND ACQUSITION VALUATION AND ACQUISITION OF “TARGET COMPANY” LIMITED BY “INVESTOR” LIMITED BY: AKINTOYE AKINDELE DBA PROGRAM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2011 INTRODUCTION CONTEXT This report reviews the investment/acquisition rationale, valuation (assumptions and methodology), negotiation and post acquisition events of the acquisition of 100 percent of the equity of “Target Company” limited by “Investor” Limited. While the names of acquiring and selling companies have been changed to Investor Limited and Target Company limited respectively for confidential reasons, the information and events here are factual and all the exhibits represent actual financial information of both companies especially Target Limited. BACKGROUND & BUSINESS OVERVIEW OF TARGET Target Limited is an aluminium continuous casting and cold rolling mill located in Ghana. The company was set up to implement the fourth processing leg of the proposed integrated aluminium industry for Ghana which comprised; bauxite mining – First leg, refining bauxite into alumina – Second leg, smelting alumina into raw aluminium ingots – Third leg and processing the ingots into flat rolled product – Fourth leg and Target’s business. The company was incorporated as a private company and granted license to commence business on 24th February, 1978 and 22nd March, 1978 respectively. Target was later converted into a public company on 28th May, 1996 and was listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange...
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