...Although the latest revision of VAWA promotes more protection for women in the private and public spheres, Rivera suggests that there is still much work to be done. VAWA is one of the legal frames meant to protect women, but also one of the frameworks which continues to be a major obstacle for women of color because “it limits access to legal systems including the courts,..there are too few Latino, African American, and Asian officials in the legal system…also because of language barriers (356).” Additionally, VAWA now supports mandatory arrest law, in which both the aggressor and the victim are arrested. Thus, women of color in progressive states continue to remain “underserved” and not recognized as equally important as other beings, they are further deprived from protection and building any connection with the legal...
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...The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) was an act passed by Congress in 1994. This act was created by Congress as our nation’s response to domestic and sexual violence against women (Alvarez & Bachman, 2017, p.158). This act was not signed over night. The foundation of this act dates back to the 1960s when crime rates were at an all time high; this brought up worry for the local and federal governments. In the 1970s, grassroot organizations were concerned that the violence against women was not being payed attention to; in their pursuit to have these crime seen as one that should be addressed. They went and brought this to the attention of the community and made it public (Sacco, 2015,page number). After the grassroot organizations made violence...
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...Violence Against Women Act: Essential and Expired Kamille Hall Hamline University February 2013 GPA 8000: Foundations of Public Administration Violence Against Women Act: Essential and Expired The following is a composite story of what happens to a woman somewhere each day in the United States to women and shows why the Violence Against Women Act must be renewed in 2013. A 30-year-old woman screams in her apartment. She knew he was coming home. Her husband has been on a drinking binge for days. When she receives an angry text message from him, she places the children in another room: they fear for their lives. They have seen this behavior all too often. The kids cower in the closet, a place that gives them some sort of refuge during the storm. In this case the storm is their dad’s misdirected anger toward their mom. They fear for themselves, but not as much as for their mother, their sole support in this chaos. They hear their father come home, yelling for several minutes. The mother tries to calm him down and pleads: “Please don’t hurt me, I’ll give you whatever you want…” Then they hear piercing screams. The front door slams. The children, ages 8 and 6, come rushing out of the closet, only to see their mother lying in a pool of blood – stabbed multiple times. Their father murdered her (what is known as femicide). The Violence Against Women Act works to reduce and prevent domestic violence. Every six minutes in the United States a woman is raped, and most often it is not...
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...APA Referencing Style Alhabib, S., Nur, U., & Jones, R. (2010). Domestic Violence Against Women: Systematic Review of Prevalence Studies. J Fam Viol, 25, 369–382. Grovert, A. J. (2008). Domestic Violence Against Women: A Literature Review. Retrieved from http://commons.pacificu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=spp. United Nations. (1993). Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/48/a48r104.htm. Runyan, A. S., & Peterson, V. S. (2013). Global gender issues in the new millennium. 4th ed. Arizona: Perseus Books. Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). (1994). Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Law & Legal Definition. Retrieved from http://definitions.uslegal.com/v/violence-against-women-act-vawa/. Matthews, D. D. (2004). Domestic violence sourcebook. 2nd ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics. Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Extent, nature and consequences of intimate partner violence: findings from the national violence against women survey. United States Department of Justice: Office of Justice Program. Turner, J. S. (2002). Families in america. Santa Barbara, .CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc. Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H., Ellsberg, M., Heike, L., & Watts, C. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. Lancet, 368, 1260–1269. Khawaja, M., & Barazi, R. (2005). Prevalence of wife beating in Jordanian refugee camps:...
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...The account of physical and sexual viciousness against women has been told frequently. Regardless of accomplishments and progress made into different resources to help those affected, the domestic violence revolution has halted. What defines domestic violence today? The social learning theory helps us better understand how domestic violence may arise in children, but as it continuous to be an important topic what has law enforcement done to make a difference? Domestic violence is the point at which one partner in a relationship mistreats the other. The mistreatment can be physiological, sexual, physical or a blend of all of them. This incorporates practices that physically hurt, stimulate fear, keep a partner from doing what they wish or power them to carry on in ways they don't need. It incorporates the utilization of physical and sexual brutality, dangers and terrorizing, psychological mistreatment and monetary hardship. In psychological mistreatment, the abuser always mortifies and puts down the casualty. The weapons of psychological mistreatment incorporate verbal affront, dangers, control of physical action, unwarranted allegations of treachery, control of monetary choices and social confinement. Contingent upon the relationship, the physical or psychological mistreatment may happen all the time or not as frequently. In any case, once brutality starts, it will normally proceed and deteriorate after some time. Regardless of how frequently the mistreatment happens, the victim...
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...most important elements of the paper. This is an example of what an abstract looks like. Diary of Anne Franks For many years this movie has been showed with Society has made it very clear the needs and importance of addressing domestic violence. Especially when it comes to the service that is delivered as it relates to its victims. The 1960’s brought a women’s liberation movement that started to give attention to violence that has been committed against women, this is what actually started the women’s movement. Because of this one of the first Domestic Violence opened in Maine for women of abuse (1967) as time went on the first Rape crisis hotline opened up in Washington D.C (www.usdoj.gov). In 1994 the Violence against Women Act (VAWA) was passed, the Federal Government begun to issue funding to assist with shelters and special training that allowed law enforcement officer, judicial officer (judges); and many other crime preventing programs to aid in addressing crimes against women (www.usdoj.gov). These were the remedies that help bring awareness to society and allowed them to see the violence that a woman has endured was a big problem for many years. I feel that this was a step in the right direction for the United States to step in and realize that this has been and ongoing issue, and issue a remedy that has saved many lives. That allows women to regain the freedom that they fought so hard to get. Within in society firearms and Domestic...
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...Feminism and Group Rights The idea of equality and what is fair and just is a completely gray area as we all know. In the struggle for equality, the groups that have suffered the most are women and ethnic minorities. Human Rights Organizations, such as Amnesty International lead the social movement for equal rights for all humans, regardless or race, religion, gender or sexual orientation. Amnesty International is currently the world’s largest grassroots human rights organization. They investigate and expose abuses, educate and mobilize the public, and help transform societies to create a safer, more just world, they even received the Nobel Peace Prize. Combating this inequality is unfortunately not as easy as granting each specific group their own specific rights. Doing so, would in turn end up sacrificing the rights of one group to benefit the rights of another group. Organizations like Amnesty International fight for the rights of individuals facing injustice or oppression. In theory, group rights seem like a necessary function, in order to protect and preserve ethnic groups. When one thinks of group rights, they tend to think of the person of Islamic faith who is allowed to take a break during work when it is time to pray or the Amish community which is granted the rights to maintain their way of life. There are strong movements among different cultures for rights and independents, but sometimes these movements leave behind smaller groups within their culture, like women...
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...Abstract This paper describes the definition of violence against women and how it affects society. It also discusses common forms of individual violence against women in the world such as sexual assault, intimate partner abuse (also known as domestic violence), murder, and other legal and cultural customs which physically harm women. This paper also describes societal violence against women, structural forms of discrimination or depravation that affect women as a class. Introduction This paper reviews individual and societal forms of violence against women that occur in the United States and throughout the world. Its purpose is to assist readers in recognizing and managing these phenomena and to encourage them to advocate locally and nationally for solutions to violence issues facing women worldwide. Violence against women is a technical term used to refer to violent acts which are primarily committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive. It includes physical, emotional, economic, financial, sexual, and spiritual abuse due to their gender. The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1993, defines violence against women as “any act of gender based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion...
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...What is the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994? The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, also known as the 1994 Crime Bill, was a comprehensive piece of legislation passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on September 13, 1994. It was one of the largest crime bills in U.S. history and aimed to address various issues related to crime and law enforcement. There are seven key provisions of the 1994 Crime Bill which include the federal assault weapons ban, community oriented policing services (Cops), Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive Grants, Death Penalty Provisions, Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), Youth Violence Prevention Program,...
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...drawing gender lines. We must probe both the jurisdiction in gender, and the gender in jurisdiction. Second, I counsel against assuming that any particular jurisdiction is necessarily a safe harbor for women's equality. Equality is not an artifact of the level of a court or of a government body but of who has power within it and what their commitments are. Therefore, I am opposed to what I have termed "categorical federalism," to rigid equation of any particular level of governance with a particular set of problems or a particular view of them. Laws are not unidimensional but often affect many aspects of a person's life. Opponents of VAWA who wanted to label it a statute about families and about crime were right to understand that it did implicate family life and street crime. But they were wrong to see the provision in only those terms. VAWA was also about the relationships among violence, commerce, and equal citizenship. But proponents of equal citizenship ought not to assume that national or transnational legislation could ever suffice to alter the material conditions of women's lives. They need to look to state as well as national and international efforts to forward those goals. My third point is to enlarge the frame beyond the arguments that jurisdictions can become gendered and that jurisdictional divides are one of the many mechanisms by which women and men are distinguished. Gender systems are themselves forms of jurisdiction. At its core, the sex/gender system...
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...Laws and Policies that Address Children’s Exposure to Domestic Violence Laws and Policies that address children’s exposure to domestic violence Despite the high rates of violence against women and the recent attention to the physical and emotional consequences of this abuse, until recently relatively little attention had been given to the unseen victims—the children. More than half the female victims of domestic violence live in a household with children under the age of 12.Greenfield (1998). Research suggests that between 3.3 million and 10 million children in the United States are exposed to domestic violence each year and more than a decade of empirical studies indicates that exposure to domestic violence can have serious negative effects on children. These effects may include behavioral problems such as aggression, phobias, insomnia, low self-esteem, and depression. Children exposed to domestic violence may demonstrate poor academic performance and problem-solving skills, and low levels of empathy. Exposure to chronic or extreme domestic violence may result in symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder, such as emotional numbing, increased arousal, avoidance of any reminders of the violent event, or obsessive and repeated focus on the event. Retrospective studies indicate that there may also be negative effects in adulthood, including depression, low self-esteem, violent practices in the home, and criminal behavior. Carlson (1992). Families affected...
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...Domestic violence effects every nationality from the poor to the young spreading through generations of every culture. Domestic abuse is a growing problem that affects millions of people in all types of relationships. There is no discrimination of who it affects in society. It effects the low income, high income, celebrities or any other walks of life. The domestic violence laws was created and changed due to the growing abuse and homicides in the country. There are federal and state laws created which will be discussed and explained in detail and its overall effects on the issues of domestic violence. The Federal Domestic Law was enacted in 1994, the Violence against Women Act ("VAWA"). The Act was recognize domestic violence as a national...
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...Domestic Violence Melody Church Texas A&M University Central TX TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page Table of Contents Abstract Section One Introduction Definitions Section Two History of Domestic Violence Section Three Forms of Domestic Violence Purpose of Domestic Violence Section Four Theories of Domestic Violence Section Five Biopsychosocial Model Section Six Effects of Domestic Violence Conclusion Reference Page Abstract The following paper examines the social and legal problem of domestic violence. Included are different definitions and the history of domestic violence. Also discussed are the forms and purpose of domestic violence. There are different theories that have emerged from research on domestic violence that are discussed as well. Domestic Violence Domestic violence is a devastating social problem that spans across every segment of the population, and is a major problem that has gone completely out of control. Domestic violence affects all social and economic classes, and victims include women, men, children, disabled persons, gays, or lesbians. When most people think about domestic violence, they usually associate the term with husband and wife or boyfriend and girlfriend. Domestic violence can happen between other family members as well (Lien, Office on Child Abuse, and Neglect, & Children’s Bureau, 2003). The concentration of this paper will be on women of family/domestic violence. Definitions According to the...
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...guns on school grounds discouraged and frightened children and hindered their education. From this claim, Congress asserted that guns on school grounds had a substantial effect on interstate commerce. This argument allowed Congress to establish jurisdiction over the issue of guns on school grounds under the Commerce Clause. In 2000, a student at Virginia Polytechnic Institute filed suit under the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). This act made suing oppressors for monetary compensation legal for victims of a gender-motivated crime (Melvin & Guerra-Pujol, 2018, p. 51). The district court dismissed the woman's claims and “declared VAWA an unconstitutional overreach of Congressional power under the Commerce Clause” (“U.S. v Morrison,” 2017). The decision attempted to limit Congress’s jurisdiction over violent crimes and to prevent Congress from infringing upon the state’s powers. However, once again, Congress reversed the Supreme Court's decision and made a point to enumerate the economic factors involved in gender-based violence. The case constitutionalized VAWA, declaring that crimes of violence were in fact connected to a larger economic scheme and therefore within Congress’s jurisdiction. Analysis Under the Commerce Clause, the Body Armor Act is constitutional. Federal law exclusively regulates interstate commerce. In Gibbons v. Ogden courts ruled that if a state business operates across other state borders, federal law reigns supreme and states may not regulate these transactions...
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...Victoria Harrington In the field of health care, nursing, doctors, there has always been an issue for need to improve situations such as domestic abuse. Domestic abuse is defined as “Physical, sexual, or emotional/psychological violence directed toward men, women, children, or elders occurring in current or past familial or intimate relations whether the individuals are cohabiting or not and including violence directed toward dating partners.” (AACN, 2001, p. 1) Therefore, domestic violence is a serious topic to be hold. In this article “Domestic Violence: The Challenge for Nursing”, the author Claire Burk discusses the three types of domestic violence in women, children, and in elderly people. Campbell et al. (2000) argued that violence research demands a cultural competency that extends beyond cultural sensitivity to include an in-depth appreciation of group norms, beliefs, and life ways. Cultural competency is reflected by the acknowledgment that violence occurs in a gendered sociocultural context, an understanding of the relationship between colonial practices and violence and oppression, an awareness of cultural practices and attitudes that support, as well as deter, domestic violence, advocacy for cross-cultural research, and a commitment to oppose oppression experienced by minority groups and those marginalized by their society...
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