...of endolymph, leads to mechanical disturbances of the otolithic and auditory organs. The saccule may experience dilation which will later make it adherent to the footplate of the stapes. Furthermore the periodic shrinkage and dilation of the utricle, also offers plays a role. The disruption of these so called normal ear functions can cause the attacks, as well as a sense of unsteadiness even during remission periods. The distention also causes a mechanical disturbance in the organ of corti. The repetitive attacks causes the death of hair cells in the inner ear, this, along with the contortion of the basilar membrane is known to cause tinnitus and hearing loss. The hydrops tend to affect the lower frequencies, because of the apex of the cochlear being more susceptible to pressure changes than the base, because the apex is more tightly wound (Seikel,King & Drumwright, 2005). People with Meniere’s disease will...
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...Ear 1. The nurse is performing a voice test to assess hearing. Which of the following describes the accurate procedure for performing this test? A. Stand 4 feet away from the client to ensure that the client can hear at this distance. B. Whisper a statement and ask the client to repeat it. C. Whisper a statement with the examiners back facing the client D. Whisper a statement while the client blocks both ears. 2. During a hearing assessment, the nurse notes that the sound lateralizes to the clients left ear with the Weber test. The nurse analyzes this result as: 1. A normal finding 2. A conductive hearing loss in the right ear 3. A sensorineural or conductive loss 4. The presence of nystagmus 3. The nurse is caring for a client that is hearing impaired. Which of the following approaches will facilitate communication? 1. Speak frequently 2. Speak loudly 3. Speak directly into the impaired ear 4. Speak in a normal tone 4. The nurse has conducted discharge teaching for a client who had a fenestration procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis. Which of the following, if stated by the client, would indicate that teaching was effective? 1. “I should drink liquids through a straw for the next 2-3 weeks.” 2. “It’s ok to take a shower and wash my hair.” 3. “I will take stool softeners as prescribed by my doctor.” 4. “I can resume my penis lessons starting next week.” 5. A client arrives...
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...Introduction When a child is diagnosed as deaf, parents are faced with a critical decision to make in the first few years of their child’s life. Deafness as defined by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), means “ a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child's educational performance” (34 Code of Federal Regulations [section]300.8[c][3] [2013]). Parents can choose to either communicate with the child in English, the major language of society, or teach the child manual language such as ASL and become a part of the Deaf culture. This decision is especially hard for parents to make who were never exposed to the non-hearing world before, and see deafness as a medical problem that needs to be fixed. This can become critical for the child’s future years and development as a person in the society since the child will always be viewed and judged as different. It is mandated that each child with a disability will be viewed individually to make the best decision in how to treat and help the child. The oral approach, audism, is a method in which children learn to use whatever residual hearing they have, in combination with lip-reading and contextual cues. The children will also thus use an auditory approach, in which they receive amplification devices to correct their hearing and to make use of the residual hearing they have as much...
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...studied ear problems among Army personnel who were exposed to multiple traumas during eight years of war in Iran. Hearing loss, tinnitus, ear discharge, vertigo, tympanic membrane perforation, audiologic findings and the type of trauma were considered. Bone Conduction threshold over 15dB was considered as hearing loss. In the sample population, 21.5% complained of audiologic problems. 94.6% had hearing loss, 83.6% tinnitus without hearing loss, but there was a hearing loss on the audiologic findings. 80% of hearing loss was bilateral, 10.9% only on the right and 9.1% only on the left side. 89% of hearing loss was sensorineural (88% in high frequency). 6.4% of them had tympanic membrane perforation and none had complained of vertigo 32. AUDIOMETRY Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) is the commonest test performed to assess hearing loss following exposure to noise from firearms. Standard technique for assessment of pure tone threshold at individual frequency is by modified Hughson-Westlake method33. Pure tone average is taken as average of pure tone thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000 Hz frequency. Degrees of hearing impairment as defined by WHO (World Health Organization) is given in table below...
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...Define anisocytosis. varying cell sizes Define poikilocytosis varying cell shapes From which cells do B cells arise? stem cells in bone marrow From which cells do plasma cells differentiate? B cells How can a Nissl stain be used to differentiate microglia from oligodendroglia? Microglia are not discernable in a Nissl stain while oligodendroglia appear as small dark nuclei with dark chromatin In what type of CNS tissue (white or grey) are oligodendroglia predominant? white matter Into what cell type does a monocyte differentiate in tissues? Macrophages Name 2 substances produced by an eosinophil. histiminase and arylsulfatase Name the three types of leukocytic granulocytes. basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils Name the two types of mononuclear leukocytes. lymphocytes and monocytes What are 2 functions of T cell lymphocytes? - cellular immune response regulation of B lymphocytes and macrophages What are 2 morphological features of microglia? - small irregular nuclei - and relatively little cytoplasm What are 3 examples of peripheral lymphoid tissue? - follicles of lymph nodes white pulp of spleen unencapsulated lymphoid tissue What are 3 functions of a macrophage? - pagocytosis of bacteria, cell debris, and senescent red cells - scavenges damaged cells and tissues - can function as an antigen presenting cell What are 3 morphological characteristics of monocytes? - Large - Kidney-shaped nucleus...
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...M.Sc. Program DISTANCE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT Introduction to Occupational Health Q1.( A) Define Health Hazards. Explain the processes that can be hazardous for the health of workers with examples. ANS. Health hazard is the state of events which has the potential to threaten and / or adversely affect health of the exposed employees. Or A danger to health resulting from exposure to environmental pollutants, such as asbestos or ionizing radiation, or to a life-style choice, such as cigarette smoking or chemical abuse. Health hazards may be classified as below 1. Chemical 2. Physical 3. Mechanical 4. Biological 5. Psychosocial Above mentioned hazards as well as all other health hazards are disastrous due to their adverse effects on exposed people like Bodily injury, Disease, Change in the way the body functions, grows, or develops, Effects on a developing fetus (teratogenic effects, fetotoxic effects), Effects on children, grandchildren, etc. (inheritable genetic effects) Decrease in life span, Change in mental condition resulting from stress, traumatic experiences, exposure to solvents. Effects on the ability to accommodate additional stress Following are some processes that can be hazardous for the health of workers 1. Abrasive blasting; abrasive blasting operations can create high levels of dust and noise. Abrasive material and the surface being blasted may contain toxic materials (e.g., lead paint, silica) that are hazardous...
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...Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo • Toronto Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Project Editor: Sabrina Larson PhysioEx Project Editor: Erik Fortier Editorial Assistant: Nicole Graziano Managing Editor: Wendy Earl Production Editor: Leslie Austin Composition: Cecelia G. Morales Cover Design: Riezebos Holzbaur Design Group Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Marketing Manager: Gordon Lee Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave., Glenview, IL 60025. For information regarding permissions, call (847) 486-2635. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products...
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...Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Managers: Kelley A. Squazzo & Catherine A. Noonan Designer: Doug Smock Compositor: SPi Technologies First Edition © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the abovementioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambert, Harold Wayne, 1972– Lippincott’s illustrated Q&A review of anatomy and embryology / H. Wayne Lambert, Lawrence E. Wineski ; with special contributions from Jeffery P. Hogg, Pat Abramson, Bruce Palmer. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60547-315-4 1. Human anatomy—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Wineski, Lawrence E. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Examination Questions...
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...Preface A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is critical for the practicing physician in any medical field. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for the distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics, trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts...
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...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
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...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...
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