...Abstract In contemporary culture, an emphasis on a “tough on crime” criminal justice system has been a topic of debate amongst all citizens. In this paper, a comparison of statistical evidence and treatment rates will be discussed. The purpose is to stipulate evidence of declining crime rates, and alternative sanctions to the crime bill c-10. In addition, a consultation of rehabilitation methods and apprehension of why there is a disproportionality of Aboriginal people in the Criminal Justice System will be explored. The data discovered suggests that the legislation was enacted for political reasoning, without the consideration of underlying causes of criminal activity. Furthermore, rehabilitation treatments have shown to lower recidivism, and are used to stress the importance on investigating the root cause of criminal behaviour. Finally, the restorative justice model is adopted to promote the sense of moral wrong in the individual’s crime. A Retreat in the CJS 3 In recent years, the Canadian government has been working on implementing a stricter justice system. The omnibus crime bill C-10, was enacted in order to achieve this measure. The act consists of a concept in which includes harsher sentencing, mandatory minimums and a zero tolerance policy. This legislation attempts to put victims first, instead of defending the rights of offenders. What the government has failed to distinguish is that crime rates in Canada have been decreasing gradually over the past decade. In addition...
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...Introduction Violent crime will always be a problem; just because Canada doesn’t face high rates of violent crime in comparison to other countries doesn’t deem it an unimportant issue. My knowledge about this topic, violent crime, has come from a variety of resources that will be discussed as this paper progresses. The crime control polices in Alberta and/or Canada to my knowledge are having a positive impact, but more could always be done. Overall, I believe an enhanced proactive approach is needed. That being said, more could always be done. The youth need to be educated more about the justice system, violent crimes, and risks of the gang life at an earlier age. Problem of Violent Crime In Canada Violent crime in Canada isn’t too big...
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...Why is the Incarceration Rate in the US so high? The United States has about 300 million residents, about 5 percent of the total world’s population, but the prisons in the United States account for 25 percent of the world’s inmates. This statistic gives the United States the highest incarceration rate in the world with 743 of every 100,000 people behind bars (Levin 2013). On the other hand, Canada, our northern neighbor only has 113 per 100,000 of its citizens in prison (Levin 2013). So the question is, what really is behind the high incarceration rate in the United States? The difference is substantial and cannot be ignored; the incarceration rate in the U.S. is nearly 6.5 times larger. This is a staggering statistic and begins to raise some valid concerns, could it be that the United States court system is structured in a way that unfairly treats criminals? Or could it be that people in the United States just commit more crimes per capita than the rest of the world? The latter doesn’t seem like a plausible explanation, the United States and Canada are so similar it almost seems unrealistic to assume that the crime disparity could be so wide. That leaves us with the idea that the United States court systems unfairly treats criminals or just treats criminals harsher than any other developed country in the world. This thought is certainly very frightening and should be a concern for every United States citizen. Even though most people are good, law-abiding citizens, sometimes...
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...Would death penalty in Canada reduce the number of violent crimes? The restoration of the death penalty for serious crimes has always been debatable. The causes, effects, and solutions to the problems of violent crimes are a complex issue that can be made even more complicated by the way the crime was evaluated. During this essay I will state statistics and arguements explaining if the dealth penalty would reduce the number of violent crimes in Canada. A survey conducted by Angus Reid found that 63% of the 1,002 Canadians surveyed want the death penalty to be reinstated, but did the death penalty reduce violent crimes when it was already active? No, infact when it was abolished in 1976 the Canadian murder rate declined the following year from 2.8 per 100,000 people to 2.7. During the next few years the rates fluctuated but it was generally downwards. In my opinion I believe that the death penalty isn’t such a bad idea, because my whole life I grew up with the saying, “What goes around, comes around.” It seems a bit cliché to talk about karma but for violent crimes I believe it’s the only reasonable way to resolve something. If someone takes a life, why should they have the right to have one? It seems only fair to have done to you what you have done to someone else. Although executions are sometimes appropriate, they are often cruel. I don’t believe in the torture of someone, or something. Because of this, I might change my opinion on the death penalty. Though it might...
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...Crimes Affecting Society in Canada Student’s name Name of the Institute Table of Contents Crimes Affecting Society in Canada 2 Introduction 2 Law in Canada 2 Future Looks Bright 12 References 13 Crimes Affecting Society in Canada Introduction Canada a federal parliamentary democracy situated to the north of United States of America consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories. It extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. At approximately 10 million square kilometers in total, Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries. Its proximity to sea and to the United States it enjoys the status of both Most favored nation as well as Most riskiest nation to the United States of America. Canada is considered to be a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world having the eighth highest per capita income globally and also securing the eleventh place in the Human Development Index. It ranks amongst the leaders in international education, government transparency and quality of life (Mann, 1992). It also figures amongst the leaders in crime, a status which surely is not desired by many countries. Law in Canada Like any other country, the Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country and consists of guidelines and laws by which the country is to be governed. The Constitution Act, 1867 also known as the...
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...to arouse sexual desires and to facilitate its expression. Whereas, the subsections 159 (1) and 152 (2) of the constitution of Canada refers pornography as an ‘obscene’ matter, i.e. crime, horror, cruelty, violence, and exploitation (Fraser, 1985). Yafee’s definition states pornography as a depiction of sexual pleasures, but on the other hand, the Canadian constitutional definition of pornography reflects the idea of violence and sexual exploitation. The paper centralized on the theme that modern pornographic depiction is a...
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...ABSTRACT In this presentation you will find out how much the crime rate has changed and how other countries compare. We are the highest in the rate of incarcerations and murders. The presentation should start out with some statistics from years ago. Show that with the increase in population and show how much the crime rate has went up since then. In doing some research I found a site that had statistics from 1960-2010 and you can see the increase from year to year and some decreased in certain years too. I understand the more people that live here, the more things are going to happen. It doesn’t help that the past few years have been tarnished by the recession and people are hurting. In 1960 In 2010 * Population 179,323,175 308,745,538 * Violent Crimes 288,460 1,246,248 * Murders 9,110 14,748 * Rapes 17,190 84,767 * Total of all crimes violent and non-violent 3,384,200 10,329,135 I would start out my PowerPoint presentation with telling what crimes are done. Where they are happening, how many, and how the United States compares to the rest of the world. It would be nice to see if there is any countries that compare to us at all and how they handle it. I would include the economic standings here and compare them to the other countries. This way we could see how that compares and see if this could be one of the circumstances that cause the crimes. Maybe they are doing something different that we are not...
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...SOCI 2450 A Prof. Darryl T. Davies Bill C-10: Issues of Interest Nidhal Abubakar 100896803 Bill C-10: Issues of Interest Nidhal Abubakar 100896803 2015 2015 There are many issues surrounding the content of Bill C-10. This essay will examine issues that affect the criminal code and provide evidence that the Bill is not progressive for Canada to deal with crime and the judicial process. By looking at the issues such as mandatory minimum sentences and the proposition of the bill we will look at the challenges that will be faced and met. The bill also introduces eliminating conditional sentences and eliminates double credit for time already served as well as introduces changes to the Youth Criminal Justice Act to impose harsher sentences for young offenders. This essay will delve into information that will bring the various issues to light. Firstly an explanation of Bill C-10 will be provided to understand what changes will be made to the Criminal code and who it affects. The dissection of the Bill will open the dialogue for this essay for appropriating topical issues with the concept of progress in a manner that reflects the trouble that this Bill brings to Canadian society. Bill C-10 was introduced by the Minister of Justice on the 20th of September 2011. The Act includes the enactment of the Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act and amendments to the State Immunity Act, the Criminal Code, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, the...
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...Shrnpreet Sidhu David Mikelberg AHSS 1160 November, 25, 2013 Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System: Individual Summary What is Mental Health? Mental health is the balanced development of an individual's personality and emotional attitudes which enable one to live harmoniously with others (Crocker, et all 2011). Mental health involves the development of a healthy individual towards themselves, towards others and towards the environment in which they live, so one can achieve a maximum amount of self-fulfillment (Crocker, et all 2011). Furthermore, mental health differentiates between countries and cultures, and what is considered abnormal differentiates as well. In some countries schizophrenics are killed because they are the devils child. In comparison, in North American countries schizophrenia is a mental illness that can be treated. A mental illness on the other hand is a medical condition that affects a person's thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning (Crocker, et all 2011). Serious mental illnesses include major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder. Mental illnesses can affect persons of any age, race, religion or income. Mental illnesses are not the result of personal weakness, lack of character or poor upbringing (Crocker, et all 2011). Most mental illnesses are treatable and there are specific institutions...
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...Research Paper In America, guns have been a part of the country’s society since its birth. Throughout history, citizens of the US have used firearms to protect the nation, protect their families, and to hunt for food. In the United States, gun control is an issue that has both sides firmly imbedded in their beliefs. The parties in favor of gun ownership and the right to keep and bear arms rely on the fact that provisions for such rights are protected by the Constitution. No legitimate study in the US has ever shown that gun control has any positive impact on crime. Society benefits from firearms in the hands of responsible citizens. In this time of turmoil and growing violence, gun advocates feel more than ever that their position is justified. The issue of gun control continues to remain a controversy. A large number of citizens believe that if gun acts are strictly enforced, that violence and the threat of crime will reduce everywhere. On the other hand, a large amount of society feels that they deserve the right to bear arms and will stop at nothing to protect their second amendment. The challenging issue of gun control takes a harmonizing act of extreme measures. Weighing the rights and liberties for each individual against the welfare and safety of the public is a risky balancing act. Attempts to keep firearms away from these citizens do more harm than good. People believe that the banning of guns is the way to save lives, this statement is incorrect. One example that...
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...world in producing prisoners, a reflection of a relatively recent and now entirely distinctive American approach to crime and punishment. Americans are locked up for crimes — from writing bad checks to using drugs — that would rarely produce prison sentences in other countries. And in particular they are kept incarcerated far longer than prisoners in other nations. Criminologists and legal scholars in other industrialized nations say they are mystified and appalled by the number and length of American prison sentences. The United States has, for instance, 2.3 million criminals behind bars, more than any other nation, according to data maintained by the International Center for Prison Studies at King’s College London. China, which is four times more populous than the United States, is a distant second, with 1.6 million people in prison. (That number excludes hundreds of thousands of people held in administrative detention, most of them in China’s extrajudicial system of re-education through labor, which often singles out political activists who have not committed crimes.) San Marino, with a population of about 30,000, is at the end of the long list of 218 countries compiled by the center. It has a single prisoner. The United States comes in first, too, on a more meaningful list from the prison studies center, the one ranked in order of the incarceration rates. It has 751 people in prison or jail for every 100,000 in population. (If you count only adults, one in 100 Americans...
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...challenging issue of gun control takes a harmonizing act of extreme measures. Weighing the rights and liberties for each individual against the welfare and safety of the public has always been a risky balancing act. In the United States, gun control is an issue that has both sides firmly imbedded in their beliefs. The parties in favor of gun ownership and the right to keep and bear arms rely on the fact that provisions for such rights is protected by the constitution. In this time of turmoil and growing violence, gun advocates feel more than ever that their position is justified. The issue of gun control continues to remain a controversy. A large number of citizens believe that if gun acts are strictly enforced, that violence and the threat of crime will reduce everywhere. On the other hand, a large amount of society feels that they deserve the right to bear arms and will stop at nothing to protect their second amendment. Society benefits from firearms in the hands of responsible citizens. Attempts to keep firearms away from these citizens do more harm than good. Americans want to know, how far is too far when it comes to passing laws restricting the second amendment? After all isn’t this “The Land of the Free”? The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America is one of the most controversial Amendments. The Second Amendment specifically grants that, "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed" The way that an individual interprets...
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...Canada is a nation of opportunity and freedom. People from all around the world immigrate to Canada to start a new life, to get away from war or poverty. But how about those who were here from the very beginning, before anyone else landed in Canada; the ones that are called First Nation people, or Aboriginals? What is the government doing for them? Why are First Nations people suffering the worst in Canada? The first nations have been oppressed by the Canadian society and continue to live under racism resulting in gender/ class oppression. “55.6% of the poor are aboriginals and a lot of them live in reserves around Canada that Canadian government have put them in. Even Though we have signed a treaty to show constitutional and moral basis...
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...Court Case Analysis of a Young Offender The Canadian public perception of youth crime is that it is growing out of control and that violence crime is common. Sensationalized media coverage, frustrated law enforcement officers and vote-seeking politicians, have tended to portray only parts of the overall reality of youth crime (John Howard Society, 2008). The government of Canada has evolved over the many years to deal with youth crime from installing the Juvenile Delinquency Act in 1908 all the way to the Youth Criminal Justice Act recently amended in 2012. What these acts have accomplished is the separation of youth and adult sentences (Stevenson, 2014). This was done in order to protect children because it is the belief in Canada that children are not responsible for their actions because of Doli incapax or the inability to do wrong. That being said there is still legislation in dealing with youth crime that is punishing and effective (Stevenson, 2014). This paper will analyze a court case decision made under the Youth Criminal Justice Act which involves a young offender who was convicted of a gang-related murder and breached Conditional Supervision Order (R. v. S.(M.), 2014). This court case will be analyzed using relevant research on youth gangs using concept of theories that apply to our young offender. In conclusion, this paper will discuss limitations of laws and possible alternatives that dealt with the young offender. A summary of R. v. S.(M.), the court based...
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...of Media on Fear of Crime among University Students: A Cross-National Comparison Article Summary This article comparatively examines the impact of media on fear of crime among university students in United States and Canada. Survey Data based on samples of university students has been used to study the relationship between media and fear of crime. The fear of crime refers to the fear of being a victim of crime as opposed to the actual probability of being a victim of crime (Hale C., 1996).Behaviors induced by fear include avoidance , movement restrictions and constraints on socialization. Fear of crime has three dimensions: * Cognitive (Focuses on citizens ’estimation of their likelihood of victimization; * Behavioral (which focuses on how people respond to fear of perceived risk of victimization) * Emotional (which focuses on individuals’ feelings about crime) A different approach towards understanding fear of crime includes vulnerability (i.e. Ability of the individual to escape or defend himself/herself from an attacker). However, several researchers argue that fear of crime is a distinctly affective – thus emotional – and physiologic response to perceived danger (Ferraro 1995; Warr 2000). Studies suggest that fear levels have not changed among citizens of both the countries despite decreases in crime rates. It is assumed that increased levels of fear are the result of individuals’ perception about his/her vulnerability to crime which can be attributed...
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