...Importance of Nursing Theory We can define nursing theory as a group of concepts that describe and present current knowledge in nursing. Nursing theory looks to provide an overall vision and understanding of the profession of nursing. It helps to organize knowledge obtained and advances the way a discipline is practiced (Shea & Cavan, 2014). Before this course I had little exposure to nursing theory and its application in the clinical realm. I knew things were done a certain way but truly did not know the origin of the ideas that influenced current nursing care. During the completion of my BSN degree, I grasped a basic concept of nursing theory and studied the major theorist involved. It has been very enlightening to view nursing theory in another dimension and study the clinical implication of its integration in practice during this course. In the following analysis I will seek to establish the importance of nursing theory and its application. I will discuss Virginia Henderson’s theory of need nursing and the application of its key concepts into practice. I will also establish important aspects of her theory and how they apply to the nursing metaparadigm. The analysis will also address the relationship between Henderson’s views and nursing informatics. Overall the influence of theory and its application in nursing will be thoroughly discussed. The Value of Nursing Theory Throughout time, the nursing profession has been influenced by nursing theory. Nursing theory has contributed...
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...health literacy are more likely to miss preventive measures, which will most likely require rehospitalization. It is imperative for nurses to avoid jargons and use simple language to get the message across. While Henderson’s theory supports nursing as a profession in assisting patients who are well or sick and ensuring 14 basic needs, Orem’s theory is more contemporary where a nurse engages patient in plan of care and guides the patient to be self-dependent in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. Orem’s theory supports that client has the primary responsibility of personal health, with the nurse acting as a guide. Furthermore as long as self-care abilities equal or exceed self-care demands, such patients have no need for nursing ( Hohdorf,2010). However, if self –care deficit is recognized ,nurses should individualize care based on patient situation and must clearly communicate in order to improve and coordinate patient care. In order to improve and coordinate patient care, decisions made by nurses must be individualized to the patient situation, information collected by nurses must be clearly communicated to other health care providers and nurses must actively intervene and suppor Hohdorf, M. (2010). Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory in Ingolstadt -- an approach to practice development in nursing care. Self-Care, Dependent-Care & Nursing, 18(1), 19-25. is approximated that there are 90 million people in the United States who cannot...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Julie McKay NUR/513 Theoretical Foundations of Practice December 06, 2014 Stephanie Vaughn Ph.D. R.N. CCRN A concept is a term that theoretically describes and names a fact or phenomenon, thus providing it with a separate identity or meaning. Nurses use theories to clarify the events through nursing practice. A concept analysis provides insight to nursing knowledge and understanding of the concepts allows nurses to determine nursing actions (George, 2011). Quality of Life Quality of life (QOL) is a contemporary phrase which was first heard after the Second World War and, since then, has been frequently used but not well explained (Meeberg, 1993). Most theorists have at least an unexpressed belief that human health and QOL are associated closely. It is the interest of most healthcare providers to promote QOL for those who are seeking help. However, nurses cannot work with clients to attain QOL if the goal is unclear (Meeberg, 1993). Both Virginia Henderson and Rosemarie Parse are influential nursing theorists that share a common concept of QOL. This paper will explore perspectives in regards to QOL between these two theorists. Henderson’s Theory Virginia Henderson believed humans have universal needs of water, air, and food for survival, and everyone plays a part of the contribution to the well-being of each other leading to the creation of a healthy society. Nurses care for patients, sick or well until they can care...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories “Nursing theory is the term given to the body of knowledge applied to support nursing practice. Nursing theory is a framework designed to organize knowledge and explain phenomena in nursing, at a more concrete and specific level. A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific interrelationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and prescribing” (“Currentnursing.com”, 2010). Core concepts embody a theory creating the basis for the theory or model. In nursing, concepts help in the development of theories. Theorists have developed different models or theories but have common core concepts. Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory “The central philosophy of the Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory is that patients want to care for themselves and can recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care as much as they're able. The self-care requisites identified by Dorothea Orem fall into one of three categories” (“Currentnursing.com”, 2010): 1. Universal self-care requisites. a. Air b. Water c. Food d. Activity e. Rest f. Hazard prevention. 2. Developmental self-care requisites. a. Maturational: progresses the patient to a higher level of maturation. b. Situational:...
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...Importance of Nursing Theory Chamberlain College of Nursing Theoretical Basis Adv Nursing NR501 July 20, 2015 Importance of Nursing Theory Theory is an arrangement of thoughts meant to describe something. These thoughts and ideas usually have basic principles that validate the purpose of the proposed theory. Nursing theory is a well thought out scholarly structure of concepts. These concepts are created to help guide nursing practice. They explain the fundamentals of nursing care. Multiple clinical decisions are based upon nursing theories. There are many different types of nursing theories developed primarily by nurses. Nursing theorist’s main goal is to examine nursing practice and explain the working or non-working parts of nursing. Theorists frequently use their academic and clinical experiences when producing theories. A very popular and influential nursing theorist in the twentieth century was Virginia Henderson. The development of her Nursing Need Theory has greatly impacted nursing practice today (Waller-Wise, 2012). This paper will include four sections. Section one will examine how theories have an impact and importance to the nursing profession. Section two will review the relationships among the concepts of Henderson’s Nursing Need Theory. Section three will examine two real-life examples illustrating the views of Henderson’s Theory. Section four will contain a summary and conclusion along with the knowledge gained from writing this paper. Section...
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...Virginia A. Henderson’s Nursing Theory Critique Gaylinn Breeze Maryville University Abstract This paper aims to provide an in depth critique of Henderson’s Nursing Theory using Fawcett’s framework for analysis and evaluation of nursing models. This paper will provide an analysis of the theory based on its scope, context and content. Secondly, the paper will provide an evaluation to unearth its significance, internal consistency, testability, as well as provide empirical and pragmatic adequacy. Lastly, the paper will give a detail of its assumptions and limitations. Virginia A. Henderson’s Nursing Theory Critique Virginia A. Henderson was considered a mother of nursing in the advent of modern day nursing. Her contribution to the nursing system was widely considered as a tool for transforming the nursing practices in health facilities. She gave elaborate guidelines and drew attention of nurses towards what an effective nursing practice would require of them. In her own setup, she carried out research and formulated a theory. Her theory of nursing focused on providing patients with factors that would enhance independence for the patients. In her efforts to transform the patient’s care approach, she acknowledged that basic needs were of primary concern in enabling a functional nursing approach. Her relationship between nursing care and basic needs propagated the ‘Needs Theory’. Scope...
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...Nursing Theory Plan of Care Fintan O’Connell NUR/513 May 23, 2012 Francine McDonald Care Plan for Ronald Issler |Nursing Process |Data and Relevant Information | |1. Breathe normally |Complains of shortness of breath, oxygen saturation 88% on room air, | | |heart rate 58, chest x-ray with bilateral lower lobe infiltrates, | | |history of DVT. | |2. Eat and drink adequately |Height 6 ft., weight 147 pounds. BMI 19.7 (lower range of normal). | | |History of congestive heart failure, takes diuretic. Hemoglobin and | | |hematocrit levels low (HGB 10.4 gm/dl, HCT 29.6%) | |3. Elimination of body wastes |History of congestive heart failure (as noted above), elevated | | |creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dl | |4. Move and maintain posture |Increasing weakness...
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...The Virginia Henderson Need Theory Samantha Hodge Estrella Mountain Community College English 102 Professor Jason Guertin December 18, 2015 The Virginia Henderson Theory Nursing theories have been in existence for many years, however, the use of these theories in practice have been minimal (Younas & Sommer 2015). In many nursing schools however, students are mandated to apply nursing theories. Application of these have indicated improved organization in practice and higher quality of care, while in reality practicing nurses do not utilized these teachings (Younas & Sommer 2015). In this paper, Virginia Henderson Theory will be analyzed to show how it can be applied to the clinical setting. The components of this theory as it relates to human needs will be examined and the nurse’s role with regards to patient care. The Need Theory Henderson’s theory surrounds the concept of getting the patient to a state of independence, so as to promote continued wellness after hospitalization (Younas & Sommer 2015). The theory also grouped nursing care into fourteen components which are very similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs diagram. These needs range from physiological needs, which accounts for the first nine components to psychological needs which covers the tenth and fourteenth components (Younas & Sommer 2015). The eleventh component deals with the patient’s spiritual and moral needs, and the remaining two components are sociological...
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...A grand theory in nursing would be Doretha Orem’s self care theory. This theory encompasses the entire concept of nursing in the fact that it states individuals will strive to meet healthcare needs to maintain health and wellness. This is very broad, can not be tested and is used in a variety of settings and populations. Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory is that all patients want to care for themselves, and they are able to recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care as much as they're ablethat it can easily be applied to a variety of nursing situations and patients. The generality of its principles and concepts make it easily adaptable to different settings, and nurses and patients can work together to ensure that the patients receive the best care possible, but are also able to Middle range theories focus on experiences that are commonly recognized in nursing. Mishel’s Uncertanity in illness theory was formed specifically for nurses to understand how patients comprehend illness and the stress that comes with it and how patients handle that stress. Mishel was able to measure this with the Mishel Uncertanity in Illness Scale. Nursing interventions to reduce stress,helps patients to adapt and cope with hospitilization Dorothea E. Orem: Known as the Self-Care Theory, Orem's vision of health is a state characterized by wholeness of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning. It includes physical, psychological, interpersonal...
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...Grand Theory Nursing theory is determined by a combination of ideas, explanations, relationships, and premise developed by nurses to describe nursing care and practices (Application Theory, 2012). Nursing theories provide knowledge and direction towards the guidelines of how to improve and perfect nursing care (Application Theory, 2012). There are three categories of nursing theories: grand theories, middle-range theories and situation-specific theories (Meleis, 2012). Grand theories focus on a wide range of “experiences, observations, insights, and research findings” (Meleis, 2012, p. 33). These theories are developed over many years of practice and study and are not subjected to empirical testing (Meleis, 2012). Middle range theories have a more limited focus and concentrate on more of a specialized situation in the nursing practice so they are subject to empirical testing (Meleis, 2012). Situation-specific theories concentrate on a specific situation and are limited to that subject matter (Meleis, 2012). The intention of this paper is to explore grand theories. Grand theories are divided into four sub-groups: needs, interaction, outcome and caring (Meleis, 2012). Some of the issues grand theorists concentrate on include the development of the patient to nurse relationship, a patient’s ability to adapt to environmental challenges, and self care deficits (Smith & Parker, 2010). To provide more insight into the specifics of grand theory, 4 theorists were...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing has evolved greatly as a profession. Nursing has become an independent practice with its own theory practice, models and distinct interventions (George, 2011). Through the years, nursing leaders have developed many nursing theories that guide our practice today. Their research and contributions to the nursing profession has shaped our present-day practices. This paper will delineate the historic development of nursing science, focusing on the most widely known and used theories. This paper will also canvass the influences of these concepts in the development of the nursing profession, and multidisciplinary influences. Development of Nursing Science Florence Nightingale (1859) Florence Nightingale is considered the mother of nursing. In 1859, Nightingale published her book Notes on Nursing that has “directed nursing practice for over 150 years” (George, 2011, p. 9). She believed that the force for healing resides within the human being and that if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves” (George, 2011, p. 25). Her environmental theory is a valuable concept, which is the basis of nursing practice today. It is applied in all the fields of nursing. 1950s Theories Hildegard Peplau (1952). Hildegard Peplau introduced her interpersonal theory. Her theory focused on the relationship of the nurse and the patient. She believed that there is growth for each individual- the nurse and the patient-...
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...head: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NURSING PHILOSOPHY The Early Development of a Professional Nursing Philosophy: The Art of Caring University of Texas at Arlington In partial fulfillment of the requirements of N3645 Professional Nursing Mary Alice Wise, RN, MSN/Ed November 16, 2013 Online RN-BSN The Early Development of a Nursing Philosophy: The Art of Caring “A philosophy is a set of beliefs about the nature of how things work and how the world should be viewed” (Chitty & Black, 2007, p. 329). Chitty & Black also state that the most vital nursing knowledge is based on person, environment, health, and nursing. These are the foundation on what the theories of nursing were built off of. My personal philosophy builds on the foundation and encompasses Virginia Henderson’s philosophy. I believe a nurse should be someone who is caring, shows compassion, advocates for the patient, shows empathy, knowledgeable, and does whatever it takes to improve patient care/outcomes. Choice of Nursing Unlike most people, when I was only five years old I already knew what I wanted as a career later on in life. My grandparents were always in and out of the hospital for various different health problems, and my parents would usually take me to visit them. I enjoyed being involved in my grandparents care and was always asking questions to the nurses’ and wanting to help with anything I was able to. My grandfather was battling cancer, and when we were at home one...
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...Do you believe your theory systems when followed enables health care providers to better meet the needs of the patient, or do you believe the strict protocol hinders and prevents care therapies that might otherwise be more effective for the patient, and why? My theory is very simple; a person must have the ability to take care of himself. I believe it enables health care providers to better meet the needs of the patient. Nurses use my theory on a daily basis for taking care of the patients such as making the patient’s transition from the hospital to their own home much smoother. An example of using my Self Care Theory is educating a patient on their diabetes so they can be independent about taking care of their diabetes and outcomes. Education to the patient is very critical. Eventually the nurse set s goals set by the patient and evaluates the results of the plan. #11. Your “Self Care Theory” is considered a grand nursing theory, which is reflective of personal insights, useful practices designed by empirical testing, therefore one may considered this biased, would you agree why and why not? What do you consider to be the differentiation of your theory over some others classified under the same “Grand Theory” Category? No I don’t feel my Self Care Theory is biased because it’s a requirement of every person, not just a certain age group. Every person can benefit from my theory. My Self Care Deficit theory is said to be one of the Grandest Theories because it is most...
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...Virginia Henderson, her theory was named a “need theory” and emphasized importance of maintaining independence so that process after being in the hospital would not be delayed. Categorized nursing into 14 components based on needs. * Her definition of nursing was: "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible" (Henderson, 1966). The 14 components * Breathe normally. Eat and drink adequately. * Eliminate body wastes. * Move and maintain desirable postures. * Sleep and rest. * Select suitable clothes-dress and undress. * Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying environment * Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument * Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others. * Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions. * Worship according to one’s faith. * Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment. * Play or participate in various forms of recreation. * Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities. The first 9 components are...
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...Many consider Virginia Henderson a legend in nursing. Henderson viewed nursing as “doing for others what they would do for themselves if they had the strength, will, and the knowledge; and also that the nurse helps the patient to carry out the plan of therapy prescribed by the physician” (Smith, 1989, p. 69). She saw the function of the nurse as helping the patient. Virginia believed a nurse should focus on helping the patient recover and rehabilitate quickly. She saw the practice of a nurse as being different from that of the physician, yet she believed both roles were an integral part of the rehabilitation phase. Henderson also believed the nurse should be independent from the physician and make independent judgments (Henderson, 1966, p. 22). Henderson proposed 14 basic human needs that help focus the nursing care (Alligood & Tomey, 2010, p. 56). She believed these 14 needs would help a patient return to independence. She believed only a dedicated and devoted nurse would help a patient fulfill these needs. According to Henderson, a nurse that helped a patient acquire independence or helped a patient accept their limitations was a successful nurse (Henderson, 1966, p. 23). The diagram below depicts Henderson’s 14 basic human needs. They are divided into four categories: physiological, psychological, social/moral, and sociological. Henderson claimed that the physiological needs are experienced by all human beings and are the most important for survival. If the physiological...
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