a. Medicare

Medicare is a federal program that was created in 1965 that helps the elderly, permanently disabled, and those with end-stage renal diseases pay their health care costs. This program is finance through payroll taxes, government revenues, and premiums paid by beneficiaries. The Medicare benefits include three different parts: Part A is the hospital insurance. This part covers the inpatient hospital charges and as well as skilled nursing facilities. Part B covers the physician services cost, outpatient hospital care, and other medical services and supplies. Part C is an additional insurance the cover the cost gaps between Part A and Part B. This additional option helps individuals have a variety of managed care.

b. Medicaid

Medicaid is a federal and state program that offers individual a lower cost of medical insurance based on their income. There two eligible groups for this program. The first one is the poverty related eligibility which is determined by the individual’s income and resources. The second eligibility is “medically needy.” The term “medical needy” are people who does not meet the limit income to qualify but have large unpaid medical bills such as people with disability, pregnant women, and the elderly. The programs benefits are hospital and physician services.

c. Certification (physicians)

Board certification is a requirement for all physicians to take and pass. This is their license to practice medicine legally. A physician must complete the required years of residency and pass to examination to be officially certified. Obtaining a board certification indicates that a physician received additional training and skills they need in their particular area of medicine.

d. Public health

Public Health refers to all and any organized efforts to protect the community health. The public health efforts is to educate the public