...volcano in the world, the Yellowstone volcano. Volcanic landforms in general are initially described. Then it focuses on how this volcano has formed a caldera, and on the characteristic cauldron-like structure and its composition of basaltic and rhyolitic magma. Each individual landform, such as the Yellowstone Caldera volcano, is formed by specific processes and present distinct interactions with their surrounding environment. This as well as the rarity of it as a landform will be discussed in this report. 2.0 Table of contents: Title page: ………………………………………………………………...p1 1.0 Abstract: ......................................................................................p2 2.0 Table of contents: ………………………………….……………..…p2 3.0 Introduction: …………………………………………….………..…..p3 4.0 Structure and composition of Yellowstone volcano: ………….…p3-p4 5.0 Yellowstone volcano processes: ……………………………….….p4-p5 6.0 Yellowstone volcano interactions: …………………………….…...p5-p6 7.0 Rate of recurrence of caldera volcanoes as a landform: ……….p6 8.0 Conclusion: …………………………………………………………..p6 9.0 References: …………………………………………………………..p7 3.0 Introduction: The purpose of this report is to research and present reliable and detailed information on the Yellowstone caldera volcano. Through the examination of a range of published journal articles and internet sites on the topic of volcanic landforms, and more specifically on the Yellowstone caldera volcano, this report...
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...Spanning in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, the Yellowstone National Park is home to a multitude of diverse animals and geothermal areas that makes it a grandiose sight for onlookers who need some spark in their lives. Speaking of geothermal areas, Yellowstone is also home to 10,000 thermal features which contains more than 300 active geysers! This includes one of the world’s famous of the geysers, Old Faithful, that regularly erupts for visitors to watch in awe. The natural reserve is a great place for travelers to feel inspired and be at peace with Mother Nature, but what makes it so astonishing is its numerous geologic processes that makes Yellowstone unique as it is. To start off, the term “geology” means the study of Earth and how its processes...
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...Yellowstone National Park is a National Park that is located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho that welcomes three million visitors every year. In the past, there has been volcanic eruptions there that have been incredibly destructive and rank as some of the most astonishing volcanic eruptions in history. There is also steaming ground water moving beneath yellowstone national park's surface, this is called hydrothermal activity which results in the landscape being active with geysers, hot springs, and steam vents. Although the description of Yellowstone National Park sounds dangerous, Hank Heasler, one of the parks geologists at Yellowstone reassures us that the National park is a safe place to visit. Yellowstones National Park has three Volcanos...
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...1. Explain the geological history of region Yellowstone National Park covers 2,221,766 acres. Most of the park is located in the northwestern corner of Wyoming, but a small portion overlaps that state's boundaries with Montana and Idaho. The park is comprised primarily of high, forested, volcanic plateaus that have been eroded over - the millennia by glaciation and stream flow and that are flanked on the north, east, and south by mountains. There are Four Types of Thermal Features in Yellowstone. The Hot Springs which is a spring of naturally hot water, typically heated by volcanic activity under the surface. There are Geysers which is a hot spring where the water boils on the inside, sending a tall column of water and steam into the air....
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...Discuss the risk management of natural hazards using a range of examples to support your answer. Natural hazard processes are an essential part of how Earth functions. These processes have been shaping the planet Earth for millions of years. In modern times risk management plans are a necessity because of the wide variety of natural disasters occurring all over the world. It is thought that because of the frequency and increase in severity of hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tornadoes that the United States alone experiences an average loss of one billion dollars every week. (C. McMillan, 1998) Therefore it is obvious why a procedure of disaster preparedness, mitigation, management, and prevention is highly important as a method of dealing with such events. Risk management involves addressing any phenomena that could potentially cause havoc in a community. (C. McMillan, 1998) It is significantly different from traditional preparedness and response activities. A traditional approach attempts to address existing problems, while hazard risk management “focuses more on anticipating problems by ensuring that growth and development address the likelihood of hazards and their interaction with environmental systems.” Whereas traditional preparedness and response mechanisms often focus on individual hazard events, risk management views hazard exposure as an ongoing process and aims at reducing the vulnerability of the society and the economy to natural disasters. Such...
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...magma that lies above it. This new information and its finding outs Yellowstone at the top of the list for the "largest volcanic site on Earth". However, doesn't mean that it is the most dangerous volcano out there. Yellowstone hasn't had a catastrophic eruption for over 640,000 years and the possibility...
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...pipes are channels that lead to surface vents, openings in the volcano's surface through which lava is ejected during an eruption. Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. A mid-oceanic ridge, for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. By contrast, volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the Earth's crust (called "non-hotspot intraplate volcanism"), such as in the African Rift Valley, the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and the Rio Grande Rift in North America and the European Rhine Graben with its Eifel volcanoes. Volcanoes can be caused by mantle plumes. These so-called hotspots, for example at Hawaii, can occur far from plate boundaries. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the solar system, especially on rocky planets and moons. Cross-section through a stratovolcano (vertical scale is exaggerated): 1. Large magma chamber 2. Bedrock 3. Conduit (pipe) 4. Base 5. Sill 6. Dike 7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano 8. Flank 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano 10. Throat 11. Parasitic cone 12. Lava flow 13. Vent 14. Crater 15. Ash cloud 1.Plate tectonics and hotspots: a)Divergent plate...
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...Introduction Plate tectonics is the main process that produces volcanoes, at subduction, convergent, and divergent zones. Yet, we see volcanic activity without the plate tectonics. “Hotspots” are found around the world. Many people who hear of the term hotspots, think of volcanoes and then the association of Hawaii, since it is a very common known hotspot. The Glossary of Geology (1987) defines “hotspots” as “a volcanic center, 100 to 200 km across and persistent for at least a few tens of millions of years, that is thought to be the surface expression of a persistent rising plume of hot mantle material. “Hotspots” are not linked with arcs, and may or may not be associated with oceanic ridges.” “hotspots” are formed in the ocean by producing...
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...Explain the formation of a hot spot. (7marks) Hot spots are anomalies in the pattern of volcanic activity upon plate margins. They are often in the middle of plates. A hot spot can be described as a small area of the earth’s crust where an unusually high heat flow or plume is associated with volcanic activity. Of approximately 125 hot spots thought to have been active over the past 10 million years most are located well away from plate boundaries. It is the fact that they have posed so much trouble for plate tectonic theories, as they don’t fit with the general trend that most seismic and volcanic activity happens at margins. There are several examples of volcanic activity away from plate boundaries such as Yellowstone national park. These hot spots are formed by huge columns of up swelling lava because of radioactivity within the earth, these columns are known as plumes. The plume of plastic molten rock that pushes upwards; causing pressure to drop and the plastic thin rock to become molten, melting and pushing through the crust above. These plumes lie in fixed positions under tectonics plates. As the plate moves over the hot spot, the upwelling lava creates a steady succession of new volcanoes that migrate across the plate. These plumes can be up to 1000km across. The emperor sea mount chain is a good example of plume activity; showing the variation of activity within the succession as the plates move over the plume. This chain extends 5000km along the Pacific Ocean...
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...Each year, roughly three million people visit Yellowstone National Park to look at the magnificent beauty that is being presented to them. These tourists come to experience the vast range of wildlife and natural wonders. The National Park’s features were formed some 600,000 years ago. Yellowstone owns one of the most visited attractions in the United States, Old Faithful. Although the park may be fun to experience, it is also very dangerous due to the fact that the entire park is on a supervolcano. Yellowstone National Park was established March 1, 1872, when Ulysses S. Grant signed The Act of Dedication--years before Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming were even granted statehood. Most of Yellowstone’s landscape and geological features were formed by volcanic eruptions roughly 600,000 years ago. A large mass of molten rock from those eruptions still lies under the park’s surface, giving heat to the roughly 300 active geysers and thousands of hot springs. Yellowstone has something for everyone, whether it is to: see Old Faithful, witness the grazing animals, or experience a supervolcano up close. The park's most popular and most visited geyser, Old Faithful, is also one of the best known and most visited attractions in America. According to World Book Students’ Yellowstone...
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...Thermophilic Bacteria of Yellowstone National Park CEE:5154 Environmental Microbiology Research Paper University of Iowa Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering December 14, 2015 Bruce McWilliams Amid the vast, sparsely populated regions of Northwest Wyoming, lies one of the most diverse and extraordinary ecosystems in the world, Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone is one of the world's foremost sites for the study and appreciation of the evolutionary history of the earth. The park has a globally unparalleled assemblage of surficial geothermal activity, thousands of hot springs, mudpots, fumaroles, and more than half of the world’s active geysers (NPS, 2013). Yellowstone is located on top of the Yellowstone Caldera, which is a volcanic hot spot where hot, molten rock from the earth’s mantle rises toward the surface. Volcanic activity from the Caldera produces geothermal activity on the park’s surface that has drawn more than 3 million visitors to the park since 2000 (NPS, 2015). Geysers, hot springs, and mudpots are extremely toxic due to high concentrations of sulfuric acid (sulfate concentrations measure up to 925 ppm near vents) and, temperatures measuring over 100oC. Many have recorded inhabitable pH levels ranging from 2 to 9.8 (Rowe/Founder/Morey, 1973). While these colorful and wondrous hot springs may appear stagnant and devoid of life to the common park visitor, they are actually a complex, intricate habitat teeming with a diverse array...
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...Located in the southwest region of Colorado, lies the San Juan Mountains. Providing numerous economic opportunities, the deposits present today are representative of the regions violent geological history. While most of the San Juan’s rocks were formed during fierce volcanic eruptions beginning during the late Eocene/early Oligocene epochs, some rocks have been dated back to the Precambrian era of geological time. Additionally, as a jagged mountainous landscape, the San Juan’s offer a great deal of recreational outlets while also playing a key role in the regions water supply. Although minimal evidence remains, the history of the san Jaun’s dates back to the Archean eon. During this period of time, large amounts of felsic lava fused up to...
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...To what extent can planning and preparedness mitigate the effects of volcanic hazards? A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment. There is a very big difference that helps prepare for a volcanic hazard and that is whether you are in a MEDC or a LEDC. In a MEDC monitoring volcanic zones and potential hazards is an option many LEDC’s don’t have. In Italy at Mt Etna they have Geochemical monitoring programs currently run by INGV which focus on the analysis of temporal changes, chemical changes and seismic activity. This option open to the Italians is not an option for LEDC who don’t have the wealth or public education to set up these stations. An example of an LEDC with no planning and prevention plans is Mount Pinatubo- Philippines, Its last eruption in 1991 was completely unplanned for. Mt Etna has a history of fairly frequent eruptions, all of which came with impacts on the surrounding area. Socially the town of Zafferana Etnea was threatened by the largest volume of lava in hundreds of years, this can also be seen as an economic impact. In 2002 a huge column of ash was thrown up from the biggest eruption in recent years and was deposited as far away as Libya. Seismic activity associated with these eruptions caused the eastern flanks of the volcano to slip by 2m, causing structural damage to many houses. Lava flows completely destroyed the tourist station at piano Provenzana and part of the tourist station at Rifugio Sapienza...
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...------------------------------------------------- Yellowstone Ecosystem Learning Team “C” 12/7/2015 Instructor: Dr. Ted Smith Yellowstone Ecosystem One of the largest and most complicated ecosystems on Earth is the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. This ecosystem is home to everything from mountains, lakes, forests, geysers, rivers, and meadows. Because this area is so large, it is the habitat to thousands of different species of plants and animals. In this paper we will discuss the natural resources and energy initiatives of the ecosystem and the functions in place to actively sustain them. ------------------------------------------------- There have been many impacts associated with agriculture at the Yellowstone National Forest. Agriculture is significant part of the forest lands but it has declined over the years yet, the park continues agricultural crop. The Yellowstone ecosystem has very high plant productivity. There have been houses built in certain areas where biodiversity is most essential, exclusively around grizzly bear territory, bird habitat, and anywhere along rivers and streams. Over the last few years, climate change has impacted Yellowstone National Forest and not necessarily in a positive way. It is predicted that 25 years from now, climate change will most likely strip away from forest ecosystems, specifically the one that supports Yellowstone National Park due to rising temperatures increasing so much and having the high chance of catastrophic...
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...Super Volcanoes assignment Ash fall contaminated water supply Shut down Power Cut off food supply Old faithful, Volcanic Not cone shaped volcanoes one of the largest volcanoes in the world, A few kilometers below that power everything in the park red hot molten rock. Thermophiles, all life began in spots like this 3 /12 billion years ago. 12 feet is conservative estimate, an eruption is coming. Hidden volcanoes restless caldera. 1 in 600,000 that a super eruption may occur build up of water hydrothermal. 6.9 10 kilometers below the surface. Tectonic activity rather than volcanic, 85 kilometers by 45 kilometers. 640,000 thousand years a super eruption the area could contain Tokyo. 8 kilometers deep, Seismic tomography. 5 cm of ash combined with rain can destroy roofs, 1 cm of ash can stop airports. Ash is incredibly abrasive and if inhaled can form a liquid cement like substance in your lungs. 1 mm of ash can ground airplanes. You can’t tell when and you can’t tell how big. Mount st Helens erupted horizontally. BEI 8, BEI 5, BEI 2. 1,000 feet from the last eruption. Harmonic tremor is surefire way of knowing it is coming. 1500 cubic kilometer. A small eruption could trigger a destabilization of the magma chamber. Red and Gray eruption red magma flows from the ground very slow moving you can out run, a gray eruption is magma is under to pressure and turns into foam and gas twice the speed of sound. 50 kilometers up to 100 million tons of pumice and rock 1000 times...
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