...Walmart LAW/531 November 7, 2013 Thane Messinger Walmart Walmart opened its doors in 1962 based on Sam Walton’s strategy of creating the lowest prices anytime, anywhere. By 1967, the Walton family was running 24 stores bringing in $12.7 million in sales. By 2012, the company served more than 200 million customers each week, employed 2.2 million associates worldwide, in more than 10,000 stores in 27 countries. After waiting years to open a “Superstore” in India, ambitious plans to expand in the country have seized to continue. India, the world’s largest retailer, has a difficult time with the regulations of the country as well as finding a foreign chain to help invest in the country’s $400 billion retail sector (Pasricha, 2013). Walmart has said it would end its joint venture with Bharti Enterprise Limited amid continued difficulties navigating regulations on foreign investments. To continue the organizational success Walmart has achieved, the organization will need to continue to research several key factors. These factors include: India’s restrictive rules on foreign firm operations, the target market blunder, Walmart’s past efforts to penetrate the retail industry in India, and any challenges encountered in partnership with Bharti. Walmart ceases operations in India because of failed partnership and restrictive government regulations on foreign investments. Walmart’s Ethics Walmart set its business foundation on values and ethics that leads the company. The...
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...Company Introduction & main line of business: Walmart is an American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. The company is the world's second largest public corporation, according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2013, the biggest private employer in the world with over two million employees, and is the largest retailer in the world. It runs a chain of large discount department stores and a chain of warehouse stores. Walmart helps people around the world save money and live better -- anytime and anywhere -- in retail stores, online and through their mobile devices. Each week, more than 245 million customers and members visit our 11,000 stores under 69 banners in 27 countries and e-commerce websites in 10 countries. With fiscal year 2013 sales of approximately $466 billion, Walmart employs 2.2 million associates worldwide. Walmart has five major specialty categories which are as follows: ➢ Walmart Tire And Lube Express ➢ Walmart optical ➢ Walmart vacations ➢ Walmart pharmacy ➢ Walmart used and fixture auctions Innovative thinking, leadership through service, and above all, the commitment to saving people money have made Walmart the business they are today and are shaping the company for tomorrow. Global Presence: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Walmart) operates retail stores in various formats globally. Wal-Mart has 8500 stores in 15 countries, with 55 different names. The...
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...12 Dec, 2012, 03.00PM IST, ET Lobbying disclosure doesn't reflect improper conduct in India: Bharti Walmart "This disclosure has nothing to do with political or governmental contacts with Indian Government officials," a Bharti Walmart Spokesperson said in a statement. BSE () Vol: shares traded NSE () Vol: shares traded Prices|Financials|Company Info|Reports NEW DELHI: Bharti Walmart, the Indian arm of the US retail giant Walmart, on Wednesday said the allegation that routine US lobbying disclosures reflects improper conduct on its part in India are false. "This disclosure has nothing to do with political or governmental contacts with Indian Government officials," a Bharti Walmart Spokesperson said in a statement. The disclosures to US regulators showed that company's business interests in India was discussed with American officials along with 50 or more other topics during a three month period, it added "The allegation that a routine U S lobbying disclosure reflects improper conduct on our part in India, is false, it said. Under the US law, on a quarterly basis, all companies which meet certain time and expenses thresholds, are required to disclose issues and expenditure incurred in connection with contacts with the United States Government, including staffing cost, association dues, and payments to consultants, it said. The company said all organisations which expend more than USD 11,500 annually on lobbying activities and employ at least...
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...Introduction Specifics of the Deal Critique Conclusion Exhibits References 1 1 3 7 8 10 ‘ Introduction Joint Ventures represent a combination of subsets of assets, contributed by two or more business entities for a specific business purpose and a limited duration. This can enable a firm to achieve market penetration into new areas over time, enter and develop new product markets, expand into new geographic areas and participate in new technology driven value activities (Sullivan, 2014). For the purpose of this project we decided to analyze the recently concluded Joint Venture between Walmart Inc. and Bharti Enterprises. Bharti Enterprises is an Indian Business conglomerate, which owns various businesses spanning across telecommunications, retail, financial services and manufacturing. It operates in 20 countries across Asia and Africa. Wal-Mart Stores Inc., branded as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. It has over 11,000 stores in 27 countries, under a total 55 different names. A foreign company can invest in an Indian company through a Joint Venture Agreement (or as a Wholly Owned Subsidiary) in areas, which are otherwise not reserved exclusively for the public sector or which are not under the prohibited categories such as real estate, insurance, agriculture and plantation. Foreign investment...
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...Walmart-Bharti Retail Alliance in India: The Best Way Forward? ABSTRACT: India had become an alluring destination for the foreign retailers and Indian conglomerates alike. While large Indian conglomerates easily start their own retailing arm, lack of expertise and supply chain woes trouble them continuously. Moreover, most of the domestic players need much funding for their operations and expansion. The only solution is allowing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the retail sector. But, India's strict regulations against allowing FDI in retail sector prevent the entry of the foreign retailers to the country. However, with recent developments, 100% FDI is allowed in wholesale cash and carry business and many of the global retailers are finding an opportunity to enter a potential market. To reduce the risk of being in a new territory, most of the foreign companies are trying to tie up with an Indian company to start their business in India. World's largest retailer, Walmart was not left behind in the competition and decided to use the new found opportunity efficiently. It is the first foreign retail company to enter India after 100% FDI has been allowed in the wholesale sector. Partnering with India's Bharti Enterprises, a telecom giant who aims to be a business conglomerate, Walmart's entry to the subcontinent was in style. However, the biggest retailer Walmart's entry to the wholesale business, a completely different game from its favorite retail and Bharti's lack of experience...
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...This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility: Do Conflicts Affect a Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy? Cristina A. Cedillo Torres, Mercedes Garcia-French, Rosemarie Hordijk, Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup* 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and objectives This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an r o verview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the esponsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the c ontext of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan, the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow. ...
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...This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility: Do Conflicts Affect a Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy? Cristina A. Cedillo Torres, Mercedes Garcia-French, Rosemarie Hordijk, Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup* 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and objectives This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an r o verview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the esponsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the c ontext of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan, the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow. ...
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...Walmart: Global Strategic Expansion - Executive Summary Since introducing its first international store in 1991, Walmart has transformed itself from an American retail giant into a global one, leveraging a wealth of resources to strategically expand operations. Although Walmart must contend with several formidable competitors, the retailer has successfully opened thousands of stores across the globe; most frequently, it has added international units through the acquisition of foreign retailers, which simultaneously reduces its competition and furthers its dominance. Walmart has differentiated itself by coupling its understanding of political, economic, legal, and cultural systems within target markets with its low-cost, high-quality approach to mass retail. Utilizing simultaneous strategic multiple thrusts, Walmart has developed layers of competitive advantage to establish itself as the world’s leading retailer. Focusing on strategic expansion, Walmart currently operates 9,826 stores across twenty-eight countries, allowing it to capture global scale efficiencies by creating a coordinated and integrated network of interdependent stores. Each unit within its network is regarded as a source of ideas and capabilities, and innovation is diffused across the company through initiatives such as a market-by-market training program that helps increase the company’s responsiveness to local demands and preferences. Thus, Walmart has established itself as a transnational corporation by developing...
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...Management Across Cultures 1 March 2015 Abstract Walmart is one of the world’s largest and most well-known retailers in the world today. It has achieved great success in areas like Mexico and Canada; however it has also seen failures in other areas like Germany and Hong Kong. This paper will discuss a brief history of Walmart’s global expansions and the strategies it chose to enter these markets. It will answer the following specific questions: When did Walmart enter the global expansion? What international markets did Walmart enter? What cultural challenges has Walmart faced? How did Walmart overcome these challenges? Where future expansions and opportunities are possible? To answer these questions, this paper will have four basic sections: A brief history of Walmart’s global expansion, what was their strategy with each expansion, cultural differences they faced, and where is Walmart going in the future. This paper will attempt to examine the strategies of its global expansion and how it used the challenges to continue success in future expansions. Walmart is the most well-known and largest retailer in the world today; with sales worth more than $200 billion, $35 billion of that from Walmart’s International Division. The company grew incredibly fast both in the United States and abroad. By tweaking entry modes, and studying the cultural differences and local threats, the core business strategies Walmart chose to build its business on in America would...
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...IMPORT An import is a good brought into a jurisdiction, especially across a national border, from an external source. The party bringing in the good is called an importer. An import in the receiving country is an export from the sending country. Importation and exportation are the defining financial transactions of international trade. In international trade, the importation and exportation of goods are limited by import quotas and mandates from the customs authority. The importing and exporting jurisdictions may impose a tariff (tax) on the goods. In addition, the importation and exportation of goods are subject to trade agreements between the importing and exporting jurisdictions. "Imports" consist of transactions in goods and services to a resident of a jurisdiction (such as a nation) from non-residents. The exact definition of imports in national accountsincludes and excludes specific "borderline" cases. A general delimitation of imports in national accounts is given below: * An import of a good occurs when there is a change of ownership from a non-resident to a resident; this does not necessarily imply that the good in question physically crosses the frontier. However, in specific cases national accounts impute changes of ownership even though in legal terms no change of ownership takes place (e.g. cross border financial leasing, cross border deliveries between affiliates of the same enterprise, goods crossing the border for significant processing to order or repair)...
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...Walmart bribery case Walmart is one of the world leading company in retail business. Walmart recently tried to expand their business in India. They have a 50-50 joint venture with Bharti Enterprises. One of todays headline is about Walmarts bribery investigation. Along with Mexico, India is also a part of this case. Walmart has suspended many executives and also delayed in opening many stores because of this case. This retail giant came to this country at a sensitive time because Indian policy makers recently allowed foreign companies to open their stores in the country. Indian policy makers said that companies like Walmart could directly enter the retail business with a local partner as long as they did not own more than 51% of business. In a separate inquiry, Indian authorities are looking into whether Wal-Mart violated foreign investment rules by giving Bharti Retail an interest-free loan of $100 million that would later convert into a controlling stake in that company. Both companies have maintained that they did not violate Indian investment regulations. On Thursday and Friday opposition party lawmakers disrupted the first days of the winter session in parliament. They demaded that the government should have a debate and vote on the change in retail policy which was turned down. The latest developments in Wal-Mart’s internal investigation can strongly say that the opposition has their hand in this because Indian policy makers are already struggling to recover from...
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...Walton (Chairman) Doug McMillon (President & CEO) | Products | Apparel/footwear specialty, cash & carry/warehouse club, discount store,hypermarket/supercenter/superstore,supermarket, eCommerce | Revenue | * * US$ 476.294 billion (2014) * US$ 468.651 billion (2013) | Operating income | * US$ 26.872 billion (2014) * US$ 27.725 billion (2013) | Net income | * US$ 16.022 billion (2014) * US$ 16.999 billion (2013) | Total assets | * US$ 204.751 billion (2014) * US$ 203.105 billion (2013) | Total equity | * US$ 81.339 billion (2014) * US$ 81.738 billion (2013) | Owner(s) | Walton family | Employees | 2.2 million (2013) | Divisions | Walmart Canada | Subsidiaries | Asda, Sam's Club, Seiyu Group,Walmex, @WalmartLabs, Walmart eCommerce | Website | Corporate.Walmart.com Walmart.com | Executive Summary: Wal-Mart has shown continued success in their use of information technology with e-commerce, a system that allows managers to view point-of-sale information, and the possible use of RFID chips in the near future. After reviewing the 2005 Harvard Business School study of Wal-Mart, it is evident that this company has been successful in expanding its operations in several foreign markets. Wal-Mart had established itself as the largest retailer in both Canada in 2003 and Mexico in 2004. Through acquisitions, partnerships, and go-it-alone strategies, Wal-Mart began the expansion of large-scale operations in other countries...
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...Organizational Structure: Walmart Michele Hileman MGT/230 June 15, 2015 Opening its doors in Rogers, Arkansas, Walmart started a profitable business in 1962. The founder, Sam Walton, could never have envisioned where his company would be in the present. Earning approximately $30,000 in 1962, Walmart has evolved into a multibillion dollar company earning over $15 billion in 2011 (Walmartstores.com, 2012). This evolution could not have come without careful planning, strategic implementation, and control of its business processes. These factors are the deciding factor in choosing the correct organizational structure. Taking cues from its needs, Walmart has a created a hierarchal structure that is departmentalized to leverage the skills and strengths of the employees involved in the department. Spearheading the organization is Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Mike Duke. The CEO is responsible for overseeing many departments including corporate affairs, human-resources, and international affairs just to name a few. All sectors that the CEO oversees are; ASDA Stores, the United Kingdom counterpart to Walmart; global e-commerce; finance; information technology; corporate affairs; legal; merchandise, and replenishment; global customer insights; human resources; sourcing; international; Sam’s Club; and United States Walmart (Walmartstores.com, 2012). Some departments are further split to handle different activities efficiently. ASDA is headed by its own CEO, Andy...
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...Sector: 1. Strengths: x Major contribution to GDP: the retail sector in India is hovering around 33-35% of GDP as compared to around 20% in USA. x High Growth Rate: the retail sector in India enjoys an extremely high growth rate of approximately 46%. x High Potential: since the organised portion of retail sector is only 2-3%, thereby creating lot of potential for future players. x High Employment Generator: the retail sector employs 7% of work force in India, which is rite now limited to unorganised sector only.Once the reforms get implemented this percentage is likely to increase substantially. 2. Weaknesses (limitation): x Lack of Competitors: AT Kearney‘s study on global retailing trends found that India is least competitive as well as least saturated markets of the world. x Highly Unorganised: The unorganised portion of retail sector is only 97% as compared to US, which is only 20%. x Low Productivity: Mckinsey study claims retail productivity in India is very low as compared to its international peers. x Shortage of Talented Professionals: the retail trade business in India is not considered as reputed profession and is mostly carried out by the family members (self-employment and captive business). Such people are not academically and professionally qualified. x NoµIndustry‘ status, hence creating financial issues for retailers: the retail sector in India does not enjoy industry status in India, thereby making difficult for retailers to raise funds. 3. Opportunities...
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...Walmart’s International – Selected Key Markets Walmart started expanding internationally in the early 1990s, starting with opening a Sam’s Club in Mexico City in 1991. This was followed by purchasing 122 Woolco stores in Canada. In 1994, Walmart opened it’s first store in China. In 1999, Walmart entered U.K with the acquisition of ASDA. In 2000, Walmart opened internationally in a virtual sense – by launching Walmart.com In 2002, Walmart entered Japan through its investment in Seiyu. In 2007, Walmart added another aspect of its international expansion in the virtual world – a “Site to Store” service on Walmart.com which allowed make a purchase online and pick it up from a store. In 2009, Walmart entered Chile, by acquiring a majority stake in D&S S.A. In 2010, “Bharti Walmart” a joint venture between Walmart and Bharti – opened its’ first store in India. In 2011, Walmart acquired MassMart in South Africa. Present – Walmart owns over 10,857 stores. Of these, 6,194 stores are outside the United States (in 27 countries). Asian countries where Walmart exists – China, Japan, and India, South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan and Malaysia. (Need to double-check this.) Walmart’s regional headquarters for the Asia-Pacific region is Hong Kong. Do they do anything different overseas? Like do they not do groceries overseas? Wal-Mart has built differentiated business departments to serve different market segments. They included supermarket (1,294 stores in 2001), one-stop shopping...
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