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Warby Parker

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▶ 와비파커 새로운 혁신의 아이콘이 되다.

매년 50개의 혁신기업을 선정해 발표하는 미국의 비즈니스 매거진 패스트컴퍼니(Fast Company)는 ‘2015년 가장 혁신적인 기업 (Most innovative Companies 2015)’에서 미국의 온라인 안경판매업체 와비파커(Warby Parker)를 50개의 업체 중 1위로 발표했다. 혁신의 아이콘으로 불리는 ‘애플(Apple)’, 중국의 거대기업 ‘알리바바(Alibaba)’, 최근 패션업계에 가장 아름다운 영향을 미치고 있다는 소셜네트워크 ‘인스타그램(Instagram)’, 등을 모두 제치고 리스트에서 1위를 차지한 와비파커. 미국 뉴욕을 기반으로 설립된 지 어언 5년, 매출 1억 달러 남짓의 안경판매업체 와비파커가 이 모두를 제칠 수 있었던 이유는 무엇일까. 수백 년간 변화가 없던 안경업계의 판도를 바꾸었다는 점에서 패스트컴퍼니(Fast Company)의 ‘2015 가장 혁신적인 업체 리스트’에서 1위로 선정된 와비파커. 그러나 이외에도 와비파커가 왜 혁신적인 업체인지 주목할 이유는 더 많다.

1. 인터넷 상에서 자체로 만들어진 고유 브랜드라는 점
2. 3단계에 걸친 독특한 온라인 유통구조를 가진다는 점
3. 온라인 유통과정에 ‘고객의 실제경험’이라는 단계를 제공한다는 점
4. 창립자들의 열성적이다 못해 광적인 수준의 브랜딩에 대한 의지와 실행

이 모든 것이 와비파커라는 브랜드가 사람들에게 인정받고 기억되며 가장 혁신적인 기업이 될 수 있도록 만들었다.

▶ 와비파커의 시작

와비파커는 미국 펜실베이니아의 와튼스쿨(Wharton School) 대학친구인, 데이브 길보아(Dave Gilboa), 닐 블루멘탈(Neil Blumenthal)이 두 명의 친구를 더 데려와 함께 세운 회사다. 이들은 “대량 생산이 가능하고, 플라스틱이 대부분 주재료가 되어 재료값이 비싸지 않은 데다 제작 공정도 복잡하지도 않은 안경이 왜 아이폰만큼 비쌀까”라는 의문을 가지고 사업을 시작했다.

최근 CNN 인터뷰에서 데이브 길보아(Dave Gilboa)는 “가장 최고의 비즈니스는 ‘얼마만큼의 마진을 고객에게 쥐어짜낼 수 있을까’를 고민하는 것이 아니라, ‘고객에게 얼마나 더 많은 가치를 전달할 수 있을까’를 고민하는 것이다”라고 밝혔다. 이 말 한 마디에서 우리는 와비파커의 본질적인 시작과 그 가치를 엿볼 수 있다. 자신과 자신의 주변 사람, 즉 안경을 사는 고객의 마음으로 시작된 온라인 안경판매업체 와비파커는 이제 12억 달러의 가치를 가진 미국 제 1위의 혁신기업이 되었다.

▶ 10억달러 클럽을 목전에 둔 와비파커

美 금융 분석 리서치 펌 프리브코(PrivCo)의 CEO 샘 하마드(Sam Hamadeh)에 따르면, 최근 신규상장업체 투자자들이 와비파커의 이전 평가가치액을 훨씬 넘어선, 거부할 수 없는 조건의 투자를 제안하고 있다고 밝혔다. 2013년 12월 와비파커의 자금규모액은 6억 달러였다. 그 시기 와비파커의 평가가치는 4억 5000만 달러였다. “만약 와비파커가 최근 계속되고 있는 투자자들의 자금과 투자조건을 받아들인다면, 와비파커의 평가가치액 12억 달러가 될 것으로 예상 된다”고 샘 하마드는 밝혔다. 그리고 이것은 곧 와비파커가 뉴욕의 가장 큰 신규상장업체가 되는 것을 뜻한다.

▶ 와비파커는 왜 혁신기업인가?

단순히 트렌디한 스타일의 안경만을 제공하는 패션기업이 아닌 기술기업으로 불리는 와비파커, 이들이 안경을 디자인하고 제조하는 기업이 아니라 혁신기업이라 평가받는 이유는 뭘까. 이 해답은 와비파커의 독특한 유통 시스템에서 엿볼 수 있다.

▶ 온라인 유통과정에 ‘실제경험’을 담아, 전통적인 유통과정을 180도 바꾸다.

(사진1)
와비파커의 대표적 혁신은 바로 3단계로 이뤄진 온라인 유통과정이다.
첫 번째로, 우선 안경을 사고 싶은 소비자가 와비파커 홈페이지(www.warbyparker.com)에 들어가 가입한 후, 착용하고 싶은 안경을 최대 5종류까지 고른다.
이 후, 안경들은 독특한 모양의 와비파커 고유의 안경 배송박스를 통해 고객의 집으로 배송된다. 고객은 배송된 안경들을 3~5일간 착용하고 비교해본 뒤, 와비파커로 반송한다. 기존 과정과 달리, 고객이 온라인 쇼핑 중 자신의 ‘실제 경험’을 담을 수 있도록 한 것이다.
마지막으로, 고객은 가장 마음에 들었던 안경 하나를 고르고 자신의 시력과 눈 사이 거리를 홈페이지에 입력한다. 2주 뒤, 고객은 맞춤 제작된 안경을 받을 수 있다. 사실상 100% 맞춤제작 안경이 집으로 배송되는 것이다.
이것이 바로 와비파커의 ‘엣홈트라이온(at-home try-on)’ 모델이다.

와비파커는 실제 착용해보지 않고, 실제 느낌을 알지 못한 채 화면에서만 물건을 보고 구매하는 것에 대한 소비자들의 불안과 불만을 해결하기 위해 최대 5가지 안경을 5일간 착용해볼 수 있도록 혁신적인 유통과정을 기획했다. 이렇게 3번에 걸친 물류비용은 모두 와비파커가 부담한다. 그러면서도 제품 가격은 일반 매장에서 구입하는 것에 비해 반 이상 싸다. 예를 들어, 500달러짜리 안경을 20% 가격도 안 되는 95달러에 구매가능하다.

또 와비파커는 온라인 판매로 사업을 시작했지만, 유통과정에서 고객이 본인의 시력을 측정하고 눈 사이 거리를 더욱 쉽게 측정할 수 있도록 고객의 편의를 위해 뉴욕, 로스앤젤레스, 보스턴 등 미국 내 주요 도시들에 오프라인 전용 매장 및 편집샵을 설치했다. 이 대목에서 와비파커가 얼마나 자신들의 고객과 서비스를 중요시하는지를 엿볼 수 있다. 이러한 와비파커에 대한 소비자들의 반응은 폭발적이다. 와비파커는 창립 첫해 2만개의 안경 판매로 시작, 지난해에는 100만개 이상의 안경을 판매하는 기록을 세웠다.

또한 최근에는 구글이 자신들의 웨어러블 컴퓨터인 구글글래스의 차기 디자인을 위해 와비파커와 기술제휴를 준비 중이라는 소식도 있다. 비단 독특한 유통과정과 값싼 가격 뿐 아니라 와비파커가 업계 최고 수준의 디자인과 기술력을 보유하고 있다는 것을 증명한다.

와비파커는 자신을 ‘라이프스타일에 기반을 둔 IT 유통기업’이라고 부른다. 단순한 이커머스 기업이 아니라는 뜻이다. 그리고 이들은 별다른 소프트웨어 없이 전통적인 유통구조의 타파만으로도 성공할 수 있다는 것을 몸소 보여주고 있다. 와비파커는 가격경쟁력만을 따지며 판매를 해오던 기존 이커머스업체들의 온라인 유통과정에서 탈피해, 온라인 쇼핑에서도 소비자가 직접 물건을 써보도록 경험을 포함시켜 고객의 만족도를 높이고 새로운 혁신을 창조했다.

▶ 그렇다면 과연 와비파커는 유통과정의 혁신만으로 1위를 차지할 수 있었을까?

안경회사 와비파커는 이렇게 ‘엣홈트라이온(at-home try-on)’ 모델을 만들어 안경 업계에 새로운 바람을 이끌었다. 하지만 이들의 성공은 비단 유통과정의 변화와 비용절감으로 이루어진 것이 아니다. 이들의 성공은 바로 소셜미디어와 소비자에 의한 컨텐츠, 이 두 가지를 잘 관리하는 데에서 왔다고 해도 과언이 아니다.

사람을 위한 혁신이 사람을 통해 전해지며 또 다른 혁신을 부르고 있는 것이다.

이들은 자신들의 엣홈트라이온(at-home try-on) 모델의 과정 중, 고객들이 자신들의 안경착용 후기나 과정들을 사진을 찍어 소셜네트워크에 공유할 수 있도록 격려한다. 예를 들어 사진을 공유하는 소셜네트워크 인스타그램에는 ‘#와비홈트라이온(#WarbyHomeTryOn)’, 집에서 와비파커 안경을 착용했다는 뜻의 해시태그 단어마저 존재한다. 이러한 소셜네트워크 상의 활동을 통해 고객은 자신의 안경착용에 대한 사람들의 반응을 얻고 와비파커는 공짜 마케팅을 얻을 수 있는 윈윈(Win-Win) 전략이 되었다.

또 고객들은 와비파커 홈페이지에서 ‘와비의 가상거울(Warby’s Virtual Mirror)’이라고 불리는 사이트 아래의 작은 박스를 통해 가상으로 온라인에서 안경을 착용해 볼 수 있다. 그리고 역시나 이는 소셜네트워크에 공유가능 하다. 이러한 고객들의 소셜네트워크 상의 공유는 그 자신을 알리는 것뿐만 아니라 와비파커의 브랜드 인지도를 높이는 데 기여하고 있다.

이 외에도 와비파커는 블로그를 통해 자신들의 이야기와 컨텐츠를 공유하며 고객들과 소통하고 있는데 심지어는 맨해튼에서는 어디서 아이스크림을 사야할지까지 공유하고 있다. 또 이 블로그를 통해 고객들이 만들어낸 컨텐츠(인스타그램에 공유된 안경착용사진,등)를 관리하고 홍보하여 더 많은 고객들에게 다가가고 있다.

결국 이러한 소셜네트워크 상의 활동들은 와비파커에게는 아주 중요한 도움이 되고 있다. 한 연구에 따르면, 고객들은 광고보다 소셜미디어와 친구들의 추천에 더 영향을 받는다는 연구결과가 있었다. 이 연구에서 18세부터 34세까지의 연령 그룹의 대다수의 사람들이 온라인상의 아는 사람의 포스팅이나 글을 보고 구매를 한다고 답했다. 이처럼 와비파커의 혁신적인 유통구조를 통한 구매는 실시간으로 사람에 의해 전파되며 구매로 이루어지고 또 다른 혁신이 되고 있다.

▶ 단순한 마케팅을 넘어, ‘공감’으로

필자가 본 와비파커는 순수하게 사람에서 시작되어, 사람들을 위해 만들어진 기업이다. 이들의 시작과 지금까지의 여정은 바로 ‘사람을 위한 혁신’ 그 자체다. 최근 SNS에서는 와비파커가 사람들에게 계속되어 회자되어 왔다. 그 이유는 바로 와비파커와 고객 간의 “공감 : Empathy”. 과연 와비파커는 어떻게 소비자들에게 ‘공감’을 이끌어냈을까.

(사진2)
가장 최근 SNS를 뜨겁게 달군 와비파커의 마케팅 중 하나를 살펴보자. 미국 아틀란타에 살고 있는 25살 테스 존슨(Tess Johnson)씨의 이야기이다. 그녀는 최근 와비파커로부터 생각지 못한 선물을 받았다. 그녀가 어느 화요일 자신의 안경을 찾고자 와비파커 매장을 방문했을 때, 그녀는 기분이 아주 안 좋은 상태였다. 그녀가 안경을 찾으러 가던 당일 아침, 자동차를 도둑맞았기 때문이다. 그리고 그녀는 와비파커 매장에서 매장 직원에게 그 이야기를 하소연했다. 며칠 후, 그녀가 우편함을 열었을 때, 우편함 안에는 와비파커로부터 온 지역 인근 술집의 외식 상품권이 들어있었다. “나는 그 편지를 받고 그들이 나와 같은 처지에 있는 같은 사람이라고 느꼈어요. 안 좋은 일을 당했음에도 불구하고 와비파커가 나의 일주일을 밝혀줬죠” 라고 존슨 씨는 말했다. 그리고 그녀는 와비파커를 ‘공감해줄 수 있는 친구’라고 표현했다.

‘공감’. 와비파커가 어떻게 그들의 마케팅을 하는지 단적으로 잘 보여주는 단어이다. 이러한 ‘공감’을 통한 고객에의 접근은 판매자와 고객 간에 더 많은 교류를 이끌어 내고 결국은 더 많은 판매와 충성도 높은 고객을 만들어내는 것으로 이어지고 있다.

공동창립자 닐 블루멘탈(Neil Blumenthal)은 와비파커는 직원들에 있어 자존감과 공감능력을 많이 본다고 말했다. “나는 만약 고객을 공감할 수 없는 사람이라면, 고객을 응대하기 어렵다고 생각한다. 그리고 그런 사람들은 상대와 협력할 수 없다고 생각하며 상대에 대한 공감능력이 뛰어난 사람만이 고객서비스를 잘 할 수 있다”고 말하며 자신과 직원들이 고객과의 공감을 얼마나 중시하는지 말했다. 이러한 CEO의 주장에 대한 근거는 HBR(Harvard Business Review)에서도 찾아볼 수 있다. 바로 기업의 ‘공감능력 성취지수’에 관한 것인데, 이 랭킹에서링크드인(LinkedIn)과 마이크로소프트(Microsoft)가 공동 1위를 차지했다(영국에서 활동하고 있는 기업들을 통한 랭킹이었기 때문에 와비파커는 포함될 수 없었음). 몇몇 전문가들은 ‘고객과의 관계에 있어 공감능력을 갖추는 것이 사업에 있어 가장 중요한 가치’라고 설명하기도 했다.

이렇게 와비파커는 고객과의 공감과 교류를 중시한다. 그리고 이들은 이 과정을 소셜네트워크와 미디어를 통해 200% 공개하고 활용하면서, 자신들의 혁신적인 유통시스템을 더욱 부각시키고 효과적으로 각인시키고 있다. 단순히 기술과 소프트웨어의 혁신이 아닌, 사람을 통한, 사람을 위한 혁신이 와비파커를 1위로 만든 것이 아닐까.

뿐만 아니다. 와비파커는 비단 자신의 고객 뿐 아니라 ‘사람’ 그 자체를 생각하고 사회적 기업을 지향하는, 이른바 착한 기업이다. 와비파커는 고객이 안경 하나를 구입하면 저개발국가의 안경이 필요한 사람에게 다른 하나의 안경을 자동으로 기부한다. 마치 신발 하나를 사면 자동으로 저개발국가에 신발이 하나 기부되는 탐스슈즈(Toms Shoes)와 같다. 현재 와비파커는 저개발국가에 안경을 무상으로 기부하는 사회적 기업 ‘비전스프링’을 통해 안경지원 사업을 진행하고 있다. 와비파커에 따르면, 지난 2013년 이들은 안경 50만개를 저개발국가에 기부했다. 와비파커와 비전스프링은 범지구적으로 모든 사람들이 안경을 가질 수 있도록 돕고 이를 통해 모든 이들이 자신의 최고의 잠재력을 발휘할 수 있도록 하는 것을 목표로 한다. ▶ 마무리

틈새시장의 온라인 쇼핑몰로 시작한 와비파커는 이제 온·오프라인에서 가장 뜨거운 주목을 받고 있는 유통업체로 탈바꿈했다. 공동창립자 데이브 길보아(Dave Gilboa)는 “우리가 처음 이 사업을 시작했을 때 사람들은 우리를 이커머스업체라고 불렀다. 하지만 우리는 우리를 이커머스업체라고 생각해 본적이 단 한 번도 없다. 지금은 오직 안경만을 팔고 있지만, 우리는 우리 브랜드가 아주 오랜 시간동안 그것보다 더한 것을 이룰 수 있다고 생각한다.” 고 밝혔다. 지금까지 많은 이커머스업체들이 이러한 포부를 밝혀왔지만, 이를 실행에 옮기고 서서히 이루기 시작한 것은 와비파커 밖에 없다.

“왜 안경은 비싸야만 하나”라는 단순한 생각으로 시작해서 이제는 각종 이커머스기업, 심지어 혁신의 아이콘 ‘애플’을 누른 와비파커. 이들의 가치와 이야기가 오늘날 스타트업 비즈니스들에게 큰 영감이 될 수 있지 않을까. 혁신과 성공은 대단한 것에서 나오는 것이 아니라는 단순한 사실을 몸소 증명하고 있는 따뜻한 기업 와비파커. 이들의 행보가 앞으로 더 기대되는 이유다.

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Bob Reiss Essays and Term Papers

...Q.1. What factors created the opportunity for Bob Reiss and the TV Guide Game? 1. Demand for “Trivia” products were on the upswing, and had yet to reach the U.S. 2. Success of Trivial Pursuit in Canada was crucial 3. Reiss’s experience in the logistics and lead time concerns of manufacturing in the toy industry 4. Reiss’s personal connections: • Kaplan (Equity) • Helen Factoring (Billing & Accounts Receivables) • Swiss Colony (production and shipping) • Suppliers for books, boards and boxes Q.2. What risks and obstacles had to be overcome to pursue the opportunity successfully? 1. Advertising (Did not possess the Advertising budget of larger companies, i.e. Parker Bros.) 2. Public’s interest in Trivia Games declining (Over saturation can/will occur rapidly) 3. Manufacturing with little lead time 4. Cash Flow 5. Sales 6. Competition (mainly Trivial Pursuit) How did Bob Reiss accomplish this? 1. Advertising Strategy 2. Offering incentive(5% ad allowance) to dept. stores for placing ad in print 3. Free media publicity 4. Ensured product would be available for sale before “fad” of Toy/Game had occurred 5. Utilized personal experience and intelligence to create an efficient product design (booklet, instead of cards) 6. Business Partner Kaplan 7. Sales Strategy 8. Price Point was set significantly...

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