...The land of Bhutan Infrastructure The problem While Bhutan faces a unique challenge and opportunity in development ,the creation and maintenance of our physical infrastructure is one of the most essential objectives. Without a doubt our accessibility is one of the defining development issues in our country. Our transportation, both over land as aerial, is the key to access enterprises, markets, or services. Though fluent transportation is not a simple task. With the combination of our underdeveloped roads and airports our rough topography and climate make it one of the worst countries in the world for travelling. On one hand the mountains ensure that the rainfall can not reach some valleys while on the other hand rainclouds can remain on one place for a long time and thereby provide enormous amounts of rain .In addition Bhutan has to do with a mix of various climates and geographical differences. This dividing the country in two great parts. A southern half with Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests and savannas which has a warm China climate and the northern half which mainly consists of mountains and perpetual snow. Our roads are the dominant mode of transportation for our inhabitants. All of our Bhutanese households have to travel over our roads, but almost 21% of these have to walk one to four hours to reach the nearest all-season road, and another 21 percent even have to spend more than half a day. And when they reach these roads they have to face dangerous...
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...Name: | Tashi Wangda | Enrollment No: | 200430 | Program/Section: | B.A. Environmental Studies | Submission Date: | 27/10/2015 | Module: | ES 111 | Module Tutor: | Nima Wangmo | | Academic Integrity and Anti-Plagiarism PledgeI hereby declare that this assignment is my own work and written in my own words. I have not copied from, or shared substantial information about, this assignment with any other student (except as required for group assignments). Use of Sources: As is expected in academic writing, I have read and studied source materials (articles, essays, news, books, magazines, journals, in print and electronic/internet forms) and I have used information and ideas from these sources to write this assignment. Quoting: In this assignment, any words that are not my own (that is, the few specific words or sentences that I have directly quoted from a source for emphasis) are clearly identified within the text of my essay with quotation marks (inverted commas) and in-text citations. Each and every quote has both an in-text citation and a complete end-of-text citation on my Reference List.Paraphrasing: Furthermore, I declare that any ideas from source materials that I have put into different words (paraphrased) and used in the writing of this assignment are clearly identified and acknowledged using both in-text citations and end-of-text citations on my Reference List. Citations and Reference List: I have made a sincere and honest effort to find and provide full and accurate...
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...universal access of electricity, International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that by 2030 about 171 TWh of Off-Grid electricity will need to be generated for providing power to approximately 210M or 20% of total rural households. This paper focuses on understanding the implementation and impact of three Off-Grid renewable energy systems in three different developing countries. Two of them are successfully implemented and the other is currently under implementation. The fully implemented Off-Grid systems selected for this paper are “Off-Grid Rural Electrification-Ladakh” in India and “Off grid Solar Power System for a rural village” in Malaysia. The system that is currently being implemented is the “Rural Renewable Energy Development Project” in Bhutan. These projects have been selected based on their significant contributions to rural electrification in their respective countries. 1. Introduction: According to the United Nations Global Initiative “Sustainable Energy for All” nearly one in five people around the world do not have access to modern energy services. Approximately three billion people across the globe currently rely on wood, coal, charcoal or...
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...states in Asia growing up to compete against the developed nations, regional powers trying to assert its regional influence over one another is raking up the old issues of control of water. These issues of controls over water had arises from its need to fulfill the growing demand of power shortages and its ambition of supply on upstream and downstream. This paper aims to study the reasons behind the reemergence of this water dispute which had previously had been put through cooperation or arbitration for sharing. Also it will analyze the problem of managing the river transboundary in the South East Asia. INTRODUCTION...
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...Case study 1: Bhutan and Gross National Happiness Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1: Launch programs aimed at providing poverty and income relief through temporary work for the unemployed to carry out socially useful activities. Target 2: To create job opportunities for the unemployed by the year 2020. Target 3: Providing unemployed citizen with the necessary skills to practice farming. This will ensure that these citizens can financially provide for their families by selling their crops and livestock. This will also provide food for their families. Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Target 1: Ensure that children, youth and adults have access to some form of educational institution and skills development programmes. Introduce libraries and career guidance programs in townships and rural areas to encourage a culture of reading and among learners and their families. Target 2: Reopen teacher training colleges since development of teachers and gives a sense of pride among teachers and teaching in general. Target 3: Technology can help to fill the gap where skilled teachers are not available, or where big learner numbers make it impossible for teachers to provide individual guidance. Goal 3: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases. Target 1: Promoting safer sexual behavior, male circumcision, and providing treatment for HIV prevention. Target 2: Promoting use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets to combat malaria. Target 3: Educate...
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...SAARC Ministerial Declaration on Cooperation in Combating Terrorism ***** We, the Foreign Ministers of Member States of SAARC, are deeply concerned about the continuing scourge of terrorism afflicting the region which has caused extensive social disharmony, loss of human life, destruction and damage to property. Terrorism poses a serious threat to peace and cooperation, and friendly and good neighbourly relations. It jeopardises the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of States, while constituting a serious violation of fundamental human rights. We renew our commitment to strengthening comprehensive region-wide cooperation among SAARC Member States to combat and eliminate all forms and manifestations of terrorism and in this context affirm the need to reinforce further the regional legal regime and instituting pragmatic cooperation to address this issue effectively. We also recognise that our cooperation shall proceed on the basis of sovereign equality, mutual respect and the principles of non-intervention and non-interference in the internal affairs of Member States consistent with the SAARC Charter. As we meet in Colombo, at the Thirty-first Session of the Council of Ministers, we solemnly declare and agree to undertake the following measures of cooperation: 1. We reiterate our commitment to implement measures against organising, instigating, facilitating, financing, fund raising, encouraging, tolerating and providing training for or otherwise...
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...FUTURE OF BANGLADESH FOOTBALL Throughout history, football has been the most popular sport in Bangladesh. As a fan of football when I think about the position of our football it makes me dishearten. Because I think it should be far more better. It is the high time we should think about our football to make it up to the mark. Compared to the past, the standard of Bangladeshi football has degraded due to mismanagement, lack of support and poor investment. An interest in cricket resulting from the nation’s success in Test Cricket and participation in the Cricket World Cup overshadowed the past fame in the nation’s football. But however this did not affect football’s popularity. More football tournaments are organized in and outside Dhaka than of any other sports and football fever grips the nation during every FIFA World Cup. Federation officials and experts are still hopeful about the development of football in the country in the next ten years despite financial obstacles and lack of professionalism. HISTORY History tells us why football is still popular in the country. During the liberation war in 1971, football was the way to create international awareness about the war of independence. The Swadhin Bangla football team was established which played 16 matches in India and was officially received by the BFF in 2009 The period before the 1990s saw national soccer fever in league football, specifically in the Dhaka League, which possessed club teams which were famous both...
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...Hazard & Vulnerability of Dhaka City 5 page ■ Dhaka City Population Area Urbanization River ■ Recent few incidents case study ■ Historical Hazard ■ Analysis and severity of hazards & vulnerability Bangladesh is a unitary, independent and sovereign Republic known as the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Bangladesh emerged as an independent country on March 26, 1971. The war of liberation ended on 16 December 1971 with the victory of Bangladesh forces and the surrender of the occupying Pakistani Army in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. From its beginning as a small city with a few thousand people, Dhaka actually experienced dramatic turns upward and today it has become one of the fastest growing mega cities of the world. Its existence as a major urban agglomeration has been consistent over a period of 400 years. Even the most developed cities in the world today cannot boast 400 years of uninterrupted and organised existence that Dhaka does as a historic city. In the 16th century during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar it was a thana or military outpost having a population of only 3000 people with an area of 2 km² (UNEP, 2005). Then turning Dhaka into a capital city of the eastern province in 1608 by Subedar Islam Khan was epoch making. Since then Dhaka has experienced actual urbanisation and trends of development. Area Dhaka is located in central Bangladesh at 23°42′0″N 90°22′30″E, on the eastern banks of the Buriganga River. The...
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...GENERAL BACKGROUND Bangladesh has received more than $30 billion in disbursed grant aid and loans from foreign donors (including the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the U.N. Development Program, the United States, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Western Europe) since its independence in 1971, but remains one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the world. Bangladesh historically has run a large trade deficit, which it finances largely through foreign aid and remittances from the many Bangladeshi workers abroad (largely in the Persian Gulf region). Overall, foreign aid provides Bangladesh with around 40% of government revenues and 50% of foreign exchange. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has stated that Bangladesh's main problems include civil unrest and political instability, natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Bangladesh is primarily agricultural (around two-thirds of the labor force and 35% of the gross domestic product -- GDP), although urbanization is proceeding rapidly. This heavy reliance on agriculture makes Bangladesh vulnerable to natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, and droughts, as well as to world commodity prices. Over the past several years, however, Bangladesh has experienced bumper crops and strong growth in the agricultural sector. Bangladesh has moved increasingly towards a market-oriented economy since the mid-1970s, although the majority of enterprises remain under state control. Bangladesh is attempting to diversify...
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...Ever since 1984, commercial expeditions have been a popular way for amateur climbers to conquer Mount Everest. Commercial guiding expeditions have led to many deaths and have led to pollution of the mountain. In this essay I will discuss a brief history of Mount Everest, what commercial guiding is, how commercial guiding started and how it is affecting Mount Everest. Sources say that Nepal and China should limit the number of guide companies on Everest and make efforts to clean the mountain and its surrounding ecosystems. Mount Everest is the world’s highest mountain and the fifth tallest mountain from the base to the summit. The altitude of Mount Everest is 8,848 meters or 29,029 feet. Everest is located in the Himalaya Mountain Range, which is located in Nepal, China, India and Pakistan. The Himalayas is the tallest mountain range in the world. Most of its peaks exceed 7,200 meters or 23,600 feet. Mount Everest is located in the Mahalangur section of the Himalayas. The south side of the mountain is in Nepal and the north side is in China. The peaks that neighbor Everest are Lotse (the 4th highest mountain in the world), Nuptse and Changste. There are two main routes that commercial expeditions use to reach the summit of Everest. The first route is called the South Col which is located in Nepal. Some of the challenges that climbers face with this route are dealing with the Khumbu icefall and traffic jams on the Lotse face and on the day when climbers try to reach the summit...
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...Meanwhile with over seas countries having looser regulations than the US it has attracted creative, innovative people, and of course money to those places. Sky-Futures, a British based company that uses drones for data collection and analysis for the oil and gas companies in the UK. As Co-Founder Chris Blackford said in regards to Sky-Futures work in field with drones, "a head-start over the U.S. because we understand pretty intimately the problems facing the oil and gas market, and how we can solve them with technology." (Wagstaff, Jeremy. "Overseas Drone Makers Get a Head-start on the Market as U.S. Lawmakers Dither on Regulation.") Other such companies who are using drones not for profit but for bettering the earth are BioCarbon Engineering, another British company that is using drones that are equipped to plant a germinated tree seed to speed up reforestation process. This has even inspired company’s based in New-Zealand and Australia to start production on drones to be used in by the military, oil, gas, mining and farming company’s. However, creating the drones is only half the battle and the process. There is still much to be done in developing the software, which will run,...
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...various fluxes upon gangue materials within the iron ore during the process of pig iron making in blast furnace and steel manufacturing in steel melting shop. Primarily, the slag consists of calcium, magnesium, manganese and aluminium silicates in various combinations. The cooling process of slag is responsible mainly for generating different types of slags required for various end-use consumers. Although, the chemical composition of slag may remain unchanged, physical properties vary widely with the changing process of cooling. In an integrated steel plant, 2 to 4 tonnes of wastes (including solid, liquid and gas) are generated for every tonne of steel produced. A c c o r d i n g l y, t o d a y t h e e m p h a s i s i s o n t h e avoidance of waste generation, recycling and reuse of waste, and minimising the adverse impact of disposal on the environment. Among all the solid/liquid wastes, slags generated at iron making and steel making units are created in the largest quantities. With increasing capacities, disposal of large quantities of slag becomes a big environmental concern and a critical issue for steel makers. Over the last few years, with a better understanding of slags, its functions and improvements in process technologies have led to a significant reduction in the volume of slag generated. At the same time, the re-use of iron and steel making slags has also been expanded, and has led to a significant reduction in the environmental impact of these...
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...Bangladesh Development Research Working Paper Series (BDRWPS) BDRWPS No. 6 (May 2009) An Analysis of SAFTA in the Context of Bangladesh Md. Joynal Abdin The Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI) Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC) The views and interpretations in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC). Copyright © 2009 Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC) for the overall Working Paper Series. The copyright of the content of the paper remains with the author(s) and/or the institution(s) submitting the content. Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC) 2508 Fowler Street Falls Church, VA 22046-2012, U.S.A. Tel. +1 703 532 4893 E-Mail: contact@bangladeshstudies.org http://www.bangladeshstudies.org Rights and Permissions All rights reserved. Text and graphics may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes, provided that credit is given to the source. Reproductions for commercial purposes are forbidden. The Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC) disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues in Bangladesh. Our main objective is to disseminate findings and ideas quickly, so we compromise to some degree on quality. The papers are signed by the author(s) and should be cited and referred accordingly. The findings...
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...India India, officially the Republic of India is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the 2 most populous countries, and the most populous democracy in the world. The Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometres .It is bordered by Pakistan to the west, People's Republic of China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north, and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. India in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Indonesia in the Indian Ocean. Home to the Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade area and vast empires, Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial & cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four major religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated country, while the Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium of CE and shaped the region's diverse culture. The British East India Company from the early eighteenth century and colonised by the United Kingdom from the mid-19 century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by widespread non-violent resistance. India is a republic consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories with a parliamentary system of democracy. It has the world's 12th largest economy at market exchange rates and the fourth largest in purchasing power. Economic reforms since 1991 have transformed...
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...Being a Health Care Management Major, the product I chose to introduce internationally is related to the medial field. Anyone who lives in the world today knows that technology is becoming a way of life. It seems that no one goes anywhere without their smart phone in their pocket and a GPS in their car. A field that has been completely changed by advances in technology is the medical field. No longer due doctors take ones temperature or blood pressure manually, they have special devices that can give a more accurate reading then a human ever could. Hand held medical scanner technology is showing an astonishing breakthrough and can revolutionize home and hospital medicine just as the home thermometer did. These types of devices have already improved the way care is given in the U.S. greatly and can do the same for countries all over the world. The two countries I chose to enter are ones that have been growing rapidly in almost all aspects, China and India. Handheld medical scanners are a real product being used but are very new and do not have much of a history or a company that solely produces them. So what are they? According to David Freeman in the Huffington Posts article “Star Trek's Tricorder Medical Scanner May Become Reality, Thanks To Nanotechnology Breakthrough,” using nanotechnology, physicists in London and Singapore found a way to make a beam of the "T-rays"--which are now used in full-body airport security scanners--stronger and more directional. The advance...
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