...Part-A: - Executive Summary: 1. Project background & promoters 1.1 PROJECT AT GLANCE 6 MVA * 1 Sub merged Arc Furnace for Manufacture of Ferro Manganese, Silico Manganese SHARANYA NATURAL RESOURCES & INFRA PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad Andhra Pradesh 1. Sri Sanjay Kumar Makhariya 2. Sri P Shankar 3. Smt P Uma Adilabad, Andhra Pradesh Ferro Alloys - Silico Manganese (SiMn.) / Ferro Manganese (FeMn.) Used in Steel Industry 6*1 MVA Furnace Sub merged Arc Furnace for Ferro Manganese, Silico Manganese (4800 TPA SiMn and 7000 TPA FeMn based on equal utilization for both the products) Rs. 1792.33 Lakhs (Say 1792 lakhs) 60% 85% 90% Rs.868.00 lakhs Existing Proposed Term Loan – NIL Rs. 925.00 Lacs CC Limit – NIL Rs. 403.00 Lacs LC/FLC -NIL Rs. 50.00 Lacs One (1) Year Moratorium from Commercial production + 6 Years – Total Seven (7) years from Commercial production Name of the Company Registered Office Names of the Board of Directors Plant location Product Application Installed capacity Project Cost Capacity utilization of Year 2013-14 Year 2014-15 Year 2015-16 & onwards Promoter’s Contribution Banking limit - Term loan - Cash credit - LC/FLC Repayment Period Debt-Equity Ratio Project total (overall) TERM Loan (only) 1.53 : 1 1.07 : 1 3.49 times 5.05 times 40.51% Average DSCR - Gross - Net IRR SHARANYA NATURAL RESOURCES & INFRA PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad Andhra Pradesh Page 1 of 76 1.2. ABOUT...
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...Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Under the Guidance of Mrs Shainu Suresh Sr. Manager, Steel Technology and Casting Flat Product Technology Group, Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur i|Page DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “Understand clogging in IF grade and suggest countermeasures to minimize it” is an authentic record of my own work carried out at Tata Steel Ltd., Jamshedpur as requirement of short term industrial/research experience for the award of degree of B.Tech Metallurgy, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, under the guidance of Mrs Shainu Suresh during 14th May to 9th July, 2013 Place: Jamshedpur Date: 8th July,2013 Abhijeet Dash VT20132141 Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Mrs Shainu Suresh Sr.Manager, Steel Technology and Casting Flat Product Technology Group, Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur. ii | P a g e iii | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank the Management of Tata Steel Ltd. for giving me this wonderful opportunity to work with highly knowledgeable people on a project of great importance. I owe my deepest gratitude to my guide Mrs. Shainu Suresh, Sr.Manager, Steel Making and Casting Technology, FPTG and my industry coordinator Dr. T.K. Roy, Head, Steel Technology, FPTG, whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding...
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...construction industry * Concrete – Cement, Lime, Sand, Aggregates, Fly Ash, Water * Wood, Bamboo, Timber * Stones – Granite, Basalt, Limestone, Marble, Quartizite, Shale, Slate * Silt, Clay, Mud, Moorum, Puzzolona, Thatch * Gypsum * Brick, Crushed Bricks * Metals – Aluminum, Bronze, Copper, Nickel * Galvanized Iron, cast Iron, Ductile Iron, Stainless Steel, Mild Steel * Asbestos * Glass * Gypsum Plaster * PVC, HDPE, Plastics * Ceramics, Mosaic * Epoxy Coating * Paint * PTFE Roofing, Terracotta Tiles * Coal Tar, Bitumen * Plaster Boards * Fabric, Rubber, Foam Board, Plywood * Admixtures – Lignosulphonates, Vinyl Polymers, Polycarboxylate Ethers * Plaster Boards * Epoxy, Neoprene Materials rarely / sparingly used in the construction industry * Stones – Flag Stones * Asphalt * Metals – Chromium, Titanium, Gold, Silver * Silica Fumes * Glass Fiber * Fiber Cement Sheeting * Ice * Aluminum Composite Wall Claddings Materials not used but can be used in the construction industry * Rise Husk ash * Coke, * Clinker, Furnace Slag * Volcanic Tuff * Paper Crete * Diamond * Used Tires, Glass / Plastic Bottles Sports Complex – IIT, Madras The 4 storey sports complex at IIT Madras provides a world-class facility with provision for recreational activities with all indoor sports....
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...Cast iron is difficult, but not impossible, to weld. In most cases, welding on cast iron involves repairs to castings, not joining casting to other members. The repairs may be made in the foundry where the castings are produced, or may be made to repair casting defects that are discovered after the part is machined. Mis-machined cast iron parts may require repair welding, such as when holes are drilled in the wrong location. Frequently, broken cast iron parts are repaired by welding. Broken cast iron parts are not unusual, given the brittle nature of most cast iron.While there are a variety of types of cast iron, the most common is gray cast iron, and these guidelines are directed toward this type of material. A few facts about cast iron help in understanding the welding challenges. Cast iron typically has a carbon content of 2% - 4%, roughly 10 times as much as most steels. The high carbon content causes the carbon to form flakes of graphite. This graphite gives gray cast iron its characteristic appearance when fractured.When castings are made, molten iron is poured into a mold and allowed to slowly cool. When this high carbon material is allowed to cool slowly, crack free castings can be made. Remembering this is helpful when welding cast iron: during and after welding, the casting must either be allowed to cool slowly, or should be kept cool enough that the rate of cooling is not important.A critical temperature in most cast iron is about 1450 degrees F. When at this temperature...
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...In these times with the areas of iron ore use increasing, it is very important to use raw material that not only increase the productivity but also produce a better quality iron. In order to get good quality of iron with efficient cost of production we have to choose the right raw material. Blast furnace raw material has changed in character greatly in the last 2 or 3 decades recent decades. Formerly, they used raw material as raw iron ores only, but now most of the raw ores are replaced by prefluxed sinter and pellets. Few examples of revolutionary changes brought to be present day iron making industries by use of pellets are listed below A 2.2 Mt capacity pelletizing plant was set up in Vizag by Essar steel which in turn they increased the productivity from 0.7 to 1.1 mt....
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...STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA COMPANY PROFILE: Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is the leading steel-making company in India. It is a fully integrated iron and steel maker, producing both basic and special steels for domestic construction, engineering, power, railway, automotive and defence industries and for sale in export markets. SAIL is also among the four Maharatnas of the country's Central Public Sector Enterprises. Ranked amongst the top ten public sector companies in India in terms of turnover, SAIL manufactures and sells a broad range of steel products, including hot and cold rolled sheets and coils, galvanised sheets, electrical sheets, structurals, railway products, plates, bars and rods, stainless steel and other alloy steels. SAIL produces iron and steel at five integrated plants and three special steel plants, located principally in the eastern and central regions of India and situated close to domestic sources of raw materials, including the Company's iron ore, limestone and dolomite mines. The company has the distinction of being India’s second largest producer of iron ore and of having the country’s second largest mines network. This gives SAIL a competitive edge in terms of captive availability of iron ore, limestone, and dolomite which are inputs for steel making. SAIL's wide range of long and flat steel products are much in demand in the domestic as well as the international market. This vital responsibility is carried out by...
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...than the pattern and the mould cavity. Therefore, to compensate for this, mould and the pattern should be made larger than the casting by the amount of shrinkage. The amount of compensation for shrinkage is called the shrinkage allowance. Generally shrinkage of casting varies not only with material but also with shape, thickness, casting temperature, mould temperature, and mould strength. Therefore, it is better to determine the amount of shrinkage according to the past record obtained from many experiences. Table 1.2 shows an average amount of shrinkage for important cast metals. Table 1.2 Typical shrinkage allowances for important casting metals Type of metal Amount of shrinkage (%) Grey cast irons 0.55-1.00 White cast irons 2.10 Malleable cast irons 1.00 Steels 2.00 Manganese steel 2.60 Magnesium 1.80 Type of metal Zinc Brasses Bronzes Aluminium Aluminium alloys Tin Amount of shrinkage (%) 2.60 1.30-1.55 1.05-2.10 1.65 1.30-1.60 2.00 In practice, pattern makers use a special rule or scale, called the “pattern maker’s contraction rule”, which, after providing with necessary allowance, is slightly longer than the ordinary rule of the same length. The graduations are oversized by a proportionate amount, for example, when constructing a pattern for aluminium alloys, the pattern maker uses a contraction rule measuring...
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...Earth Processes: Sapphire glass crystal is a manmade material that can have many negative implications on the environment. The process to make Sapphire glass crystal requires a lot of heat Sapphire requires 100 times more energy to produce than glass. This additional energy requires the burning of either fossil fuel like coal or oil to run the manufacturing plants. Leading to air pollution, and increased need for fossil fuels for the economy. Stainless steel production has many effects on the environment: recovery of Iron involves open cast mines, cutting through the earth to mine the iron ore, materials containing iron re are fed into a hot furnace that blast the deposits, this involves a lot of energy to produce as well as air pollution, releasing gasses that contribute to global warming. 2 Gaseous emissions and metal dust are the most prominent sources of waste from electric arc furnaces. Waste from production is a major concern, slag is the bi product and stored in large dams, these tailings dams can collapse and have catastrophic effects on the environment and...
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...productivity of the plant. The pressure-free casting method avoids re-oxidation of the molten aluminum. Customized shapes with finer porosities for adequate filtration capacity and efficiency are preferred. For instance, PPI 30 filters are excellent for automobile industry where surface appearance and/ or mechanical strength vary. Using Cerasic Filters – The Iron and Non-Ferrous casting units mostly use this mechanism. The most common sizes of these filters start from 1.5×1.5×0.5” onwards. The bending strength also considered for greater performance through picking the perfect thickness. To avoid filter splintering during casting, the filter seat needs to be fixed properly at the time of putting the filter print to the mould plate. The increased strength of ZrO2 considered during big...
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...Renz Erick R. Delgado BSCE 4 200810163 “STEEL” BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE MATERIAL Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. It also consists of small quantities such as manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, tungsten, cobalt, or silicon. It is generally hard, strong, durable, malleable alloy and depending on the desired alloy properties, the constituents in steel vary. The density of steel varies based on the alloying constituents, but usually ranges between 7,750 and 8,050 kg/m3 (484 and 503 lb/cu ft), or 7.75 and 8.05 g/cm3 (4.48 and 4.65 oz/cu in). Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten. Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of alloying elements and the form of their presence in the steel (solute elements, precipitated phase) controls qualities such as the hardness, ductility, and tensile strength of the resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger than iron, but such steel is also less ductile than iron. Though steel had been produced by various inefficient methods long before the Renaissance, its use became more common after more-efficient production methods were devised...
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...FEB. 28. 2011 Iron Manufacturing Activity in America Colonial and Revolutionary Period Iron production in the US dates back to the colonial era where iron production was still low and there were no iron producing industries then. It was in 1771 when a few tons of iron were being supplied to the country and the factories were few. The revolutionary brought about the need to produce more iron in the country. Iron is extracted from iron ore which is smelted then blown with air. It is then cleaned of any impurities and carbon to ensure it is good for use. Iron was the booming industry in the US since it is a much easier metal to make than extracting steel. Back in 1647 was the first iron works in the US referred to as the Hammersmith which were not in operation for long. Other subsequent iron manufacturers were erected near to the ore suppliers and near the transport ways (High Beam Research, Para 1). The iron manufacturing areas were in colonial America, eastern Pennsylvania near the Delaware River, western Pennsylvania around the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, and the Hudson River valley in New York and New Jersey. Most of the industries producing iron did not manage to develop and were tiny since the cost of fuel needed to run their furnaces was high. Another reason for their lack of development was the fact that there was a low efficiency in the supply of fuel. The production of iron was made difficult by these factors hindering the iron firms from developing...
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...Concrete is the composite mix of cement, aggregates, sand and water. Concrete gets hardened like stone on mixing water with cement and aggregates. Concrete have two type ingredients namely active and inactive. The active group consists of water and cement. The inactive part consists of sand and coarse aggregates. Concrete have high compressive strength and low tensile strength. To overcome this shortcoming, steel reinforcements are used along with the concrete. This type of concrete is called reinforced cement concrete...
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...2007:224 CIV M ASTER’S TH E SI S Study of the reactions between iron ore slag and refractories Julien Zimmermann MSc PrograMMeS in engineering Materials Technology (eeigM) Luleå University of Technology Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering Division of Material Mechanics 2007:224 CIV • ISSN: 1402 - 1617 • ISRN: LTU - EX - - 07/224 - - SE Summary: For the fabrication of iron ore pellets at LKAB (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB), one of the methods used is to sinter the pellets in a rotary kiln. This Kiln has a drift temperature of 1250°C in average. During this process a coating, causing the wear of the refractories materials, is formed, inducing expensive maintenance periods. The aim of this work is to find the reaction that takes place between the Slag and the bricks, in order to find the parameters that have to be changed to improve the bricks lifetime in the kiln. The use of bricks with higher alumina content is one of the solutions, but it is expensive. The influence of Alkalis and especially Na2O has been studied before in inert atmosphere. In this work it will be studied in air as well as the influence of the alumina content of the brick. Experiments were performed in air atmosphere, using powder samples that have been compressed into pellets. The devices used to characterize the reaction and the product of the reaction were: Kanthal furnace, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometer, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC/TG)...
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...CONCRETE ADMIXTURES F a a o D E O g n ee in .c rs m o Paper Presented By MAHENDERAN (Final B.Tech civil) Mahi_andaman@yahoo.com L.SIREESHA (Final B.Tech civil) sirichandan@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: Admixtures are ingredients other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement, and fibers that are added to the concrete batch immediately before or during mixing, in nominal quantities. A proper use of admixtures offers certain beneficial effects to concrete, including improved quality, acceleration or retardation of setting time, enhanced frost and sulphate resistance, control of strength development, improved workability, and enhanced finishability. Admixtures vary widely in chemical composition, and many perform more than one function. Two basic types of admixtures are available: chemical and mineral. All admixtures to be used in concrete construction should meet specifications; tests should be made to evaluate how the admixture will affect the properties of the concrete to be made with the specified job materials, under the anticipated ambient conditions, and by the anticipated construction procedures. Materials used as admixtures included milk and lard by the Romans; eggs during the middle ages in Europe; polished glutinous rice paste, lacquer, tung oil, blackstrap F a a molasses, and extracts from elm soaked in water and boiled bananas by the Chinese; and in Mesoamerica and Peru, cactus juice and latex from rubber plants. The Mayans...
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...BEHAVIOR – SAIL INDUSTRY BACKGROUND: “Steel touches every aspect of our lives. No other material has the same unique combination of strength, formability and versatility.”- Source Anon Steel, as a material was used for centuries, whereas, steel production was considered an expensive affair since steel was produced in smaller quantities mainly targeted at the Military usage such as swords and shield. From the commercialization in 1856 of a cheap steel manufacturing process by Henry Bessemer to the improvements through Industrial Revolution and the very high demand during the Cold War periods to the Modern economic scenario where new power houses in the form of China and India have pushed the Steel industry, it is observed that there has been one constant in the journey of the Steel Industry: the increasing demand for steel. The demand for Steel has always been comfortably placed on a growing curve and so has the improvements in Steel production. World crude steel production has increased from 851megatonnes (Mt) in 2001 to 1,527 Mt in 2011 from 28.3 Mt in 1900). The industry directly employs 2 million people worldwide, with a further 2 million contractors and 4 million in supporting industries. Considering steel’s position as the key product supplier to industries such as automotive, construction, transport, power and machine goods it is safe to assume that steel helps in employment of more than 50 million people. World average steel use per capita has steadily increased from...
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