...Potentially hazardous foods that have been cooked and then refrigerated must be reheated to 165 oF within 2 hours. 4. Cooked potentially hazardous foods must be actively cooled once they reach 135 oF. Cool from 135 oF to 70 oF within 2 hours and then from 70 oF to 45 oF within 4 additional hours, for a total of six hours to cool. Cooling methods include: placing foods in shallow pans, separating the food into smaller and thinner portions, using rapid cooling equipment, ice baths, ice wands, containers that facilitate heat transfer, adding ice as an ingredient, or other effective measures. 5. While actively cooling foods inside refrigerators food can be loosely covered or uncovered if the cooling food is protected from overhead contamination. 6. Date labeling is recommended for all foods. Date and time labeling are recommended for foods that are cooling. 7. Thaw foods using one of the following methods:...
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...Clean Water Project Report Day 1- “The Balanced Equation” Documentary Notes In the documentary, “The Balanced Equation”, a group of high school girls tells their story of traveling to Kenya and the Dominican Republic to investigate and learn more about issues dealing with water in developing countries. The girls focus primarily on problems with water that exist in these countries and the water filtration systems being provided. According to the video, approximately 3.5 million people die from water-related illnesses each year, and over 800 million people do not have access to clean water today. The girls discover that portable point-of-use filtration devices are given to those in developing countries who don’t have access to clean water. Permanent water solutions, such as digging wells, have been tried, but often fail due to lack of maintenance and education. Wells often become contaminated with runoff water among other issues, so over 50% of these permanent solutions fail after 5 years. Instead, point-of-use water systems are distributed since they are portable and can be used at home. The girl’s spent their first night of their adventure in...
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...HTM-310 Final Paper Food Safety Food Safety Food Safety is all conditions and actions necessary to ensure the safety of food at all stages. This refers to the conditions and practices to prevent contamination and food-borne illnesses. Food safety is an essential health function. Food can be contaminated and judged unsafe in many ways. Contamination can occur during the packaging process, by inadequate cooking or storage. Also, different food products may already have different microorganisms such as bacteria or parasites which may be allowed to multiply and cause disease if food is not appropriately handled. With regard to whether or not food safety is currently a problem the answer is clearly, yes. The concern is that daily, people get sick with what is interchangeably called food-borne disease or illness from the food they eat. Specifically, food-borne illness has a severe affect on infants, young children, the elderly and the sick. In both developing and developed countries, it is a strain on health care systems. Not only does food-borne illness affect physical condition, but economically, individuals, communities, businesses, and countries are affected by food safety problems. Data and Investigative Information Being that food safety is an increasingly important public health issue, it is imperative that governments intensify their efforts to improve food safety. These efforts should be in response to an increasing number of food safety problems...
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...improper use of child labor. There are numerous agents (stakeholders) involved in these ethical debates including employees of the corporation, government agencies, NGOs, consumers, and the media (Lopez-De-Pedro & Rimbau-Gilabert, 2012). Riordan Manufacturing is faced with three potential ethical issues in their Chinese operations plant. This paper will address these three issues, as well as possible mitigation plans, implications for the stakeholders, and a recommended course of action for the organization. Issues Raised There are three primary issues raised related to Riordan Manufacturing which will be discussed in further detail: (1) potential water supply contamination issues; (2) worker rights issues at the Yin Motor Company; and (3) child labor law violations. These issues could result in potential fair trade agreement violations, ethical violations, and legal violations for Riordan Manufacturing resulting in high fines, penalties, and a loss of public and consumer trust. The first issue is the potential water supply contamination due to the run off from machine manufacturing factories in the area. The contamination has resulted in more than 63 people reporting to the hospital, and is being investigated by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC). The suspected toxin is carbolic acid, which is not used directly in any of Riordan resins, yet this toxin could be a...
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...included: personal safety protocols, proper hand washing techniques, and proper disposal practices. Reviewing and practicing all three of these modules helped me recall and understand the importance of lab safety. Methods and Materials The first portion of the lab was over proper hand washing techniques. Proper hand washing includes using water, soap, a nailbrush, and paper towels. First you remove all jewelry from your hands and wrist. Next, you turn on the water and then apply soap to your hands. You must rub your hands together and scrub for at least 20 seconds. During this process of scrubbing your hands, you will use the nailbrush to clean under your...
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...2013 Pest Management Standards For Food Plants i INTRODUCTION T he National Pest Management Association is pleased to release the 2013 Pest Management Standards for Food Plants. Since 2007, these standards have been the cornerstone of NPMA’s Commercial Division activities. Of note in the 2013 revision is the move away from prescriptive instructions regarding placement and monitoring frequency of pest management devices. Instead, a more results-oriented approach to pest management, based on pest trends, inspection observations, and professional knowledge is embraced. As stated in previous editions, these standards also do not preempt local, state, provincial, and/ or federal regulations. Any service provided must comply with government regulations or statutes governing pest management, safety, and food protection. In addition, food plants may have requirements more stringent than these standards. By embracing these standards, pest management firms demonstrate the industry’s role as protectors of food and property. In addition to these standards, a comprehensive online testing site can be found at www.npmatesting.com. This website includes the study guide and other resources noted in the standards. Through this site, NPMA is working to provide the tools necessary for pest management firms to comply with the standards and raise the level of competency of pest management professionals servicing food plants. We hope that you find these standards to be a...
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...19 Introduction: The World Health Organization estimated in 2013 that roughly one-quarter (or 2.4 billion) of the world’s population shall lack access to “Improved Sanitation Facilities” in 2015.(7) Improved Sanitation Facilities are those that help eliminate human contact with sewage, and include flush or pit toilets/latrines and composting toilets.(1) In many regions of the world (even when such facilities are available) untreated sewage is often discharged into drains and streams, due to lack of expensive collection and treatment infrastructure. Thus, surface water surrounding many urban areas in the world remain grossly contaminated with fecal matter, and often contamination seeps into groundwater.(1) Waterborne communicable diseases such as Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Hepatitis A, Schistosomiasis, or Intestinal Nematode infections generally spread through fecal-oral route. Potable water contaminated with untreated sewage poses serious health risks to humans as it can contain different waterborne pathogens (namely bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or parasites).(3) Given that many waterborne pathogens are able to survive in aquatic environments for a long time humans are at risk of exposure to the above-mentioned communicable diseases when they use waterways contaminated with fecal matter for drinking, cooking, or bathing purposes.(3)...
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...The Environmental health supervisor or Operations Section Chief performs County wide functional exercises in emergency preparedness and response training. This role also involves being responsible for developing and implementing strategy to ensure the objectives of the situation are being met. This role is responsible for organizing, assigning, and supervising the tactical field resources. The director of community health promotion facilitates focus groups along with reduces health disparities training. The epidemiologist, or planning section chief works on community based behavioral interventional training, and is responsible for gathering, analyzing, and disseminating information. The planning process will be managed by this role and the Incident Action Plan will be brought to the table. The health educator, or public information officer takes the role in risk communication training. They also assure the appropriate public health information is provided to the community and other agencies involved. The responsibility of making sure the public health staff is aware of the situation so the message from the agency can be consistent. Communication is key. The public health nursing supervisor performs mass dispensing sites training. The health planner or Liaison officer would serve as our Liaison officer and would be the point of contact for supporting agencies by completing briefings and answering questions...
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...begin a quality Final Lab Report. Utilize this template to complete the Week 3 Outline of the Final Lab Report and ensure that you are providing all of the necessary information and proper format for the assignment. Before you begin, please note the following important information: Carefully review the Final Lab Report instructions before you begin this assignment The Final Lab Report should cover all 3 experiments from your Week Two Lab As you plan your final paper, think about how you can combine these laboratories to tell a fact-based story about water quality. For example, consider how your experiments can be linked to issues at water treatment plants or the amount of bottled water people purchase. For further help see the Sample Final Lab Report for an example of a final product on a different topic. You may simply replace the text following the bold terms with the appropriate outline information to complete this assignment. Make sure to pay close attention to the information called for and provide all necessary material. Title Introduction Body Paragraph #1 - Background: The outline of the introduction should describe the background of water quality and related issues using cited examples. You should include scholarly sources in this section to help explain why water quality research is important to society. When outlining this section, make sure to at least list relevant resources in APA format that will be used in the final paper to develop the...
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...appropriate ones being considered for each type of evidence found. It will be discussed having the implications of poor packaging and the results which lead to contamination of all evidence if not packaged properly and the outcome when it is taken to court also the reliability of the CSI’s involved. It is also the job of the CSI to make sure all health and safety procedures are in place before handling and taking any piece of evidence as there are varying risks involved like sharps, contamination of evidence, weather conditions other witnesses interfering with the scene, other personnel and any form of biological hazards. These must be taken seriously and analysed before any search. Unit 5 1. Detail the forensic evidence that would have been taken away from the scene by the perpetrator. The crime scene is probably the most important part of any criminal investigation. It is where forensic science starts. Locard’s Principle states that every contact leaves a trace (Locard, 1928). This is the primary rule of scene investigation – you are looking for ‘contact’ evidence that will help solve the crime. This trace may be in the form of a specific recoverable material, such as a chip of paint, or that of a mark or impression, such as a fingerprint. This physical evidence must be protected against loss and contamination and be...
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...Recovery & recycling of PET The EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive The European Union, with the adoption of its Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive, 94/62/EC as amended by 2004/12/EC, is legislating for more effective recovery of used packaging and for the reduction of the impact of packaging on the environment. a) More effective recovery Recovery of PET packaging falls under the requirements for recovery and is classed together with other plastic materials in the targets laid down in directive 2004/12/EC: Overall recovery: minimum 60% of packaging waste Overall recycling of packaging waste (including feedstock recycling): between 55% and 80% Minimum recycling differentiated by material, for plastics 22.5% (including only what is recycled back to plastics) Member States must meet these targets by 2008, with the exception of Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and the accession countries, which are allowed to delay their attainment. b) Minimisation of the environmental impact To be allowed on the market, packaging articles must comply with the following essential requirements: The content of heavy metals (Cd, CrVI, Hg, and Pb) must be lower than 100 ppm. The use of substances dangerous for the environment must be minimised. The articles must be recoverable by material recycling, organic recycling, and/or energy recovery (at least one of the three). They must be suitable for reuse (when relevant and claimed). The volume or weight...
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...wear baggy or loose clothing. * If any glass is broken, do not pick it up with bare hands. * Sweep the glass into a dustpan and place in broken glass bucket. * Be careful when pouring acid or base. * If any is spilled on hands, wash thoroughly with soap and water. Materials * * Safety glasses * Tap water * Masking tape * Precision scale * Pen/pencil & paper * Egg * Buret * Buret clamp * Retort stand * 3 Erlenmeyer flasks * 10 mL graduated cylinder * Wash bottle * Distilled water * 3 Beakers * 250 mL beaker for base * 100 mL beaker for acid * 500 mL beaker for waste * Ethanol * Phenolphthalein * Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) * Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) * Hot plate * Hot hands * Scoopula * Break the egg, and get rid of the yolk and egg whites into a large beaker. Break the egg, and get rid of the yolk and egg whites into a large beaker. Wash the shell with tap water and peel off the membranes with your fingers. Wash the shell with tap water and peel off the membranes with your fingers. Pat dry with paper towel and allow the shells to dry for a few days. Pat dry with paper towel and allow the shells to dry for a few days. Crush the shells to a fine powder with a mortar and pestle. Crush the shells to a fine powder with a mortar and pestle. Procedure—Prelab Procedure—Prelab Weigh between 0.450g and 0.550g of dried shell into each Erlenmeyer...
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...organizations. That as any industry were the environment such as land, water, and mostly wild life is being disturb all for global oil domination. What is fracing? It is a relatively new type very new began in Ohio in 2011(OEC.org 2011). High capacity drilling were the main ingredients are sand, water and various potent chemicals. This concoction is infused at high pressures shale rock to break it open and release the highly volatile natural gas. So drilling companies can use a certain drilling process called “Horizontal drilling” to mine the oil pockets underneath. This this new type of drilling involves an enormous supply of fresh water and chemicals in which these fracing companies will not divulge what these chemicals are. All of this new technology is effecting nearby communities and small towns with at times toxic air discharges, water contamination and ecological concerns related to the disposal of the waste. With those concerns the Ohio Environmental Council (2011) temporarily stopping the fracing crews to do test on the public health risk. Soon after the U.S. EPA sent a study that the EPA conducted in December 2012 stating the effects that hydraulic fracing does to local drinking water. This study encompassed the mixing of chemicals in water, the post fracturing process the flowback period and the effects of treating and disposing that it has on the environment (EPA.gov 2013) A final complete peer reviewed report will be released to the public 2016 (Akron...
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...4srinad@gmail.com Abstract--- A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is one of the most common methods of solid waste management in various parts of the world. Significant environmental and economic benefits can be gained by making small changes in the way the landfills are operated. Bioreactor landfill is a promising biotechnological option for faster stabilization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). It changes the goal of landfilling from the storage of waste to the treatment of waste. In a bioreactor landfill environment, the solid waste actively decomposes rather than being simply buried in a dry tomb. This active decomposition is possible because over half the MSW is comprised of organic material (food, paper, etc.), which will decompose fairly rapidly under the right conditions. Rather than being kept dry, the solid waste is actively moistened by injecting leachate into the landfilled solid waste to accelerate decomposition. The anaerobic conditions in a conventional landfill can be replaced with aerobic conditions by introducing air into the solid waste and thus enhancing the biological process. Studies show that a bioreactor landfill transforms and stabilizes the readily and moderately decomposable organic waste constituents within five to ten years. A bioreactor increases the potential for waste to energy conversion, stores and/or treats leachate, recovers air space, and ensures sustainability. Sustainability has the greatest potential for...
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...second link is the reservoir or source. This is where pathogens live and multiply. Remember, that could be in or on a person or animal (host), or in soil or water. The third link is the means of exit. This is how pathogens leave the source. For example, pathogens that live in the respiratory tract (the lungs, throat, etc.) can leave the body through the mouth or nose in saliva or mucus when coughing or sneezing. Other examples of means of exit are broken skin, mucous membranes such as the eyes, via the stomach and via the intestines and anus. The mode of transmission is the fourth link in the chain. It refers to how the pathogen is passed on from one person to another. Contact transmission is the most common route of transmission of pathogens in a health and social care workplace. This can happen by direct (hands) or indirect contact (equipment). Pathogens such as those that cause influenza and chicken pox can stay in the air for a long time and can be breathed in by other people. The fifth link is the portal of entry. This is the way that the pathogen enters the body of the potential host. Pathogens can enter the body by coming into contact with broken skin, being breathed in or eaten, coming into contact with the eyes, nose and mouth or, for example when needles or catheters are inserted. The sixth and final link in the chain is a person at risk. A person at risk is the individual the pathogen moves to. The risk of a person becoming...
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