...The 1970’ in criminal justice administration were influenced by various national and political events surrounding situations like the Civil Rights Movement, the Vietnam War, and the Watergate scandal. Those were the concerns that brought public mistrust in the government, economic downturns, and social equity to the forefront of campaigns in the public sector. The American public was becoming increasingly concerned with the extent of the damage that the Vietnam War was causing for the troops and the economy. The United States spent an estimated one hundred and twenty million dollars on the Vietnam conflict from 1965-73. Not to mention the estimated fifty-eight thousand troops that were killed or went missing during the war. American soldiers...
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...First and foremost the Americans lost the Vietnam War. The Americans had loses all around the board from social to political, and monetary. The Vietnamese wanted to win the war and with a will there was a way. Its was already difficult with America being the invading force and the Vietnamese were having to fight on their own land. The American People were not willing to give the support and full commitment to win the war. The event that launched the United States in the the Vietnam War was the Gulf of Tonkin. Before the United States involvement in the war American ships were patrolling the area around North Vietnam. Then, North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked the USS Maddox, but the the attacks seem to allegation which created distrust...
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...The Most Significant Events Mary Wright University of Phoenix The American Experience Since 1945 HIS/135 Gladys Vint 11/20/2011 Following World War II there have been many social, economic, and political events that have taken place during this decade. Different people may have various opinions of what event had the most impact or effect on the American people than other events within the same decade. I will attempt to explain the events that I believe are the most significant events of this era. 1950’s Civil Rights Movement The Civil Rights Movement began in the late 1940’s and extended throughout the late 60’s. Many people can recall some of the key events that took place during this time. For example, we all remember reading about Ruby Bridges, Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X, and many others that played an important role in the Civil Rights movement. However, Ruby Bridges is the small 6 year old little girl that comes to mind when I think of the beginning of the Civil Rights movement. This young brave little girl was escorted on her first day to school by U.S. Marshalls, as her parents stood close by. She endured being called names and threatened and feared being poisoned if she ate anything besides a packaged bag of potato chips (Davidson, Gienapp, Heymann, Lytle & Stoff, 2006). Ruby was the only students for several weeks until white students finally began coming back to school during the first year since the segregation of the...
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...I learned that the 1970's was dominated by President Richard Nixon and Watergate which caused him to resign. There was an issue with red dye no.2 which they thought could cause cancer so they stopped using it. I also learned that the year of the bicentennial means the 200 anniversary of a nation (or anything) and of course the end of the Vietnam war which had caused so much protesting and pain to so many people. 1970 - At Kent State University, National Guardsmen fire into a crowd killing four student antiwar demonstrators on Monday, May 4, 1970. The guardsmen fired 67 rounds over a period of 13 seconds, killing four students and wounding nine others, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis. Some of the students who were shot had been protesting against the American invasion of Cambodia, which President Richard Nixon announced in a television address on April 30. Other students who were shot had been walking nearby or observing the protest from a distance. There was a significant national response to the shootings: hundreds of universities, colleges, and high schools closed throughout the United States due to a student strike of four million students, and the event further affected the public opinion—at an already socially contentious time—over the role of the United States in the Vietnam War. 1971- The Year the Pentagon Papers are released - pentagon papers - A classified study of the Vietnam War that was carried out by the Department of Defense. An official of the...
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...of the lid, navigation, influence, process, addition, and solid ground. Under these laws, they have different steps in which the leading is different. Over the course of the years, we have had a lot of Presidents and a lot of different leading styles among them, some of them being good and some of them being nowhere near good. But we had to live with them and they have to live with themselves. In the movie Fog of War, Robert McNamara tries to go over the eleven lessons that he learned from being under the President of John F. Kennedy. McNamara lends us his knowledge of what went wrong during those years. During President John F. Kennedy's term, while McNamara was Secretary of Defense, America's troops in Vietnam increased from 900 to 16,000 advisers, who were not supposed to engage in combat but rather to train the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. The number of combat advisers in Vietnam when Kennedy died vary depending upon source. The first military adviser deaths in Vietnam occurred in 1957 or 59 under the Eisenhower Administration, which had infiltrated Vietnam, through the efforts of Stanley Sheinbaum, with an unknown number of CIA operatives and other...
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...The Vietnam War was a long, costly, and gruesome war that America wants to keep in their distant memories. It was fought between the United States and South Vietnam against North Vietnam and their Southern allies, Viet Cong. The Vietnam War initially began as a fight between the two Asian countries, North and South Vietnam, for territory; North Vietnam wanted complete ownership of South Vietnam’s land, and the invasion of their territory ignited a war. The United States later joined in the battle in an attempt to stop countries from practicing communism, relying on a “Domino Theory”, the U.S believed that “if one Southeast Asian country fell into communism, many would follow” (Vietnam War History, History.com). The Vietnam War lasted for roughly 20 years, starting in 1955 and ending in 1975. This war was considered unpatriotic, and due to the failure of strategic planning and training, led to tremendous loss of lives of our military men and women, and financial support. For wars, America had a three phase strategy; a defensive strategy the first year, an offensive strategy the second year and in the third year would be mopping up, as the responsibility for what was left of the war, would have been turned over to the South Vietnamese. However they underestimate North Vietnam because while their first phase went according to plan where the defense stopped South Vietnam from falling into a...
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...The Battle for Ethical Politics In America Each decade brings about important events that shaped and affected the political status in the United States. The exploration of the effects of McCarthyism on the Cold War shows the evolution of the political tone in the United States. The United States’ political control over Communist takeover was elevated until approximately midway through the Vietnam War. At which time, the United States’ involvement in Vietnam and the fight against communism was questioned. Following this period, the threat of socialism seemed to diminish, and Watergate caused many people to distrust political officials. When this scandal finally settled down, a new leadership brought about the biggest change in the Cold War since its inception, and a new respect for political power. Senator Joseph McCarthy: Fight Against Communism After World War II, the threat of Communist takeover was real. By 1949, Communists took control of Eastern Europe and Asia, and by 1950, China had succumbed to Communist rule (Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, & Stoff, 2005, p. 812). The United States’ involvement in the fight to save China, led some Republicans to believe the Democrats let the Communists win (Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, & Stoff, 2005, p. 813). To further complicate matters, in 1949, the trial of Alger Hiss, the man accused of selling secrets to the Russians in the 1930s, was convicted for lying about his association with known Communist, Whittaker...
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...resignation of a president, the ending of a major Southeast Asian conflict, and the birth of two new forms of youth culture identity – streaking and disco. The 1970s began with the Beatles releasing Let It Be, which would be their last album, the Kent State shooting involving the death of the four students, the conviction of Charles Mansion for the murder of actress Sharon Tate, and the conviction of American soldiers for killing entire towns of Vietnamese villagers. This action marked the beginning of the end for America’s support of the American soldier. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War lasted between 1959 and 1975, ending with the fall of Saigon. This war or police action as some Americans referred to the `war would cost the American taxpayer billions of dollars and countless lives. Vietnam, like Korea, stemmed from America’s policy of containment, which was a product of the Cold War era. The fall of Saigon also sealed the fate for Vietnam’s neighbors. Cambodia’s government, which was supported by western...
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...Chapter 4 Rapprochement and Normalization United States during the 1960’s • Vietnam war- US involvement in the War took place from 1965-1975 with over 536,100 troops stationed overseas. The Results of this war was withdrawal of American forces from Indochina and a Communist takeover of South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. • Tet Offensive- Attacks that began on Vietnamese New Year 1968 that targeted military and civilians throughout South Vietnam. This was the turning point of the war and lead public opinion of the war in the US as unfavorable. • US draft- During the was 25% of United States Armed forces were draftees, with about 30% being combat deaths. • Many questioned US commitment to Vietnam with the cost of casualties, supplies, and...
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...Assignment 3: “World War II Through The 1970’s” Joseph L. Carter History 105 June 11, 2012 Professor Everett Hardy Strayer University Delaware County Campus Analyze the facts that war and propaganda had on American society World War 2 and the 1970’s. Looking at the history of the United States, never had the country seen such dramatic changes in the social, economic, and political structure that happened at the end of World War II. Multiple events throughout this period guided the direction of the United States government and the attitudes of Americans. This paper will provide a look into the evolution of the United States by analyzing the most significant events in the five decades after World War II. The 1950s brought about a new look into the foreign affairs for the United States government and the American people. After the victory of World War II, two allies of the war, the United States and the Soviet Union became bitter enemies that tried to secure a position of world leader. The Soviet Union had its Communist Manifesto that according to the Decades Project (1999) website stated, “a mission statement that provides that communism requires a world revolution and the destruction of capitalism in order to succeed”. This was a direct threat to the American Way of life, and started the beginning of the Cold War. With different ideals and hunger for power, both sides began to build up military strength, especially...
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...Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, once stated, “Let us move from the era of confrontation to the era of negotiation” he meant this and he reflected it in his presidency (qtd. in Bondi 236). Nixon was the first U.S. president to engage in foreign affairs with the most powerful communist countries, China and the Soviet Union. He negotiated an end to the Vietnam War and made a breakthrough with the SALT agreement with the Soviet Union. Towards the beginning of his second term he ruined his career with a scandal known as Watergate. All of the foreign policy negotiations and accomplishments that Nixon made in his five years of office was, unfortunately, masked by Watergate. When Richard Nixon took office in 1969, The United...
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...The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Alesha Lovette Strayer University Richard Nixon's six years in the White House remain widely viewed as pivotal in American military, diplomatic, and political history. In the two decades before Nixon took office, a liberal Democratic coalition dominated presidential politics, and American foreign policy was marked by large-scale military interventions; in the two decades after, a conservative Republican coalition dominated presidential politics, and direct military intervention was by and large replaced with aid (sometimes covert, sometimes not) to allied forces. Nixon intended his presidency to be epochal and, despite being cut short by Watergate, it was. Nixon and his presidency are often termed "complex" (sometimes "contradictory"). Scholars who classify him as liberal, moderate, or conservative find ample evidence for each label and conclusive evidence for none of them. This should be expected of a transitional political figure. In foreign and domestic policy, Nixon's inclinations were conservative, but he assumed the presidency at the end of the 1960s, liberalism's postwar peak. He could not achieve his overarching goal of creating a governing coalition of the right without first dismantling Franklin Roosevelt's coalition of the left. As President, Nixon was only as conservative as he could be and only as liberal as he had to be. He took credit for the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency while privately noting that if he...
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...A Walk Through Time The significant moments in time collectively make up our nations history. In that history we see change, growth and experience loss. These events make us the people, that make up the country that love and contribute to. I chose five events in time that brought about a tremendous change across the world, and making life as we know it today, a walk in the park. MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT Montgomery Alabama, 1955 and 1956 was an extremely volatile time for African-Americans and Whites, but the events of that year made history and changed the way of life for every Montgomery resident. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a peaceful protest that lasted one year. Its main goal was to put an end to racially segregated seating on buses, but by the end it accomplished much more (Toonari). A Walk on the wild side Prior to the Supreme Court 1956 decision, African-Americans were forced to ride at the back of the bus. They suffered ridicule and racial slures at the hands of the bus drivers and the White passengers. In the early 1950’s two teenagers, Claudette Colvin and Mary Louise Smith were both arrested for refusing to give their seats to white passengers (Allen, R. 2000). Although this created some tension within the African-American community it tool the arrest of Rosa Parks, a former NAACP secretary who refused to give up her seat on the bus, on December 1, 1955 to set the wheels in motion for what would...
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...American Experience of Vietnam War Lisa Phillips December 6, 2013 Professor Michel There are many lessons to be learned by the American experience of the Vietnam War. Each situation and Presidential choice proved to be critical for Vietnam’s continued reputation of a stalemated war. Each President realized the hard way that the Vietnam War would entail. The lesson learned from the diplomatic negotiation standpoint was that both American and Vietnamese leaders made multiple, sometimes redundant mistakes. Diplomatic negotiation means mutual discussion and arrangement of terms of an agreement. The Geneva Accords of 1954, clearly did not reflect this and there was definite lack of interest with both sides wanting successful outcomes. There was a lack of motivation because of the belief that the negotiations at the Geneva Accord were not providing the best means to advance their interests. “United States officials reluctantly participated in the Geneva Conference; they would of much preferred that there be no political solution to the Indochina War”(Moss, 2010, p.37). We learned that to have successful negotiations, we have to be highly motivated to achieve outcomes. This entails communication and compromise on both sides. The Presidential leadership styles during the Vietnam War varied, but they had one thing definitely in common-DECEIT. Whether it started as intentional or just progressed as the hardships and demands of war grew, it was shared among President Johnson...
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...The Vietnam War Before the war, almost all of Americans really trusted their Congressmen, their universities, and other official institutions. At the beginning of the 1960s that trust begin to change as the world around them changed as well. Two basic viewpoints began to evolve during this time. One group felt that though intentions had been good for getting into the conflict, it was a losing battle that carried too great of burden both socially and economically and at the United States needed to get out of Vietnam. The other group felt that we had gone to Vietnam for a purpose and we shouldn't leave until the job was done. Most of the large demonstrations to protest the war took place on college campuses. During the Vietnam War, the draft was instituted for the first time since 1942. This meant that men and women of the Baby Boom era were eligible to be sent off to fight in a conflict that was being questioned for the American involvement. Draft deferments and exemptions were available for college students and this meant that young men in the working class who did not go to college because they could not afford it far outnumbered those of the middle or upper class. Students who avoided the war by going to college were aware of the injustice of the situation and used protests as a way of communicating this to the powers-that-be. In addition, once the students graduated, they would then be eligible to be sent off to Vietnam. This gave them added incentive to protest and try...
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