Ways to Rock The

Prepping you for the FCAT.
Prepping you for the FCAT.
L/A!!!!!
Table of Contents

Chapter 1-Reference and Research/Reliability/Validity/Synthesizing
Page 1-2. Reference * What is Reference ? * Why is Reference important? * Think about it.

Page 3-4. Research * What is Research? * Why is Research important? * Think about it.

Page 5-6. Reliability * What is Reliability? * Why is Reliability important? * Think about it.

Page 7-8. Validity * What is Validity? * Why is Validity important? * Think about it.

Page 9-10. Synthesizing * What is Synthesizing? * Why is Synthesizing important? * Think about it.

Table of Contents

Chapter 3-Context Clue/Inference
Page 1-2. Context clue * What is Reference? * Why is Reference important? * Think about it.

Page 3-4. Inference * What is Reference? * Why is Reference important? * Think about it.

Reference
Use of a source of information in order to ascertain something. Reference is to tell or depict in written or spoken words give an account of to pronounce, as by a designating term, and phrasing. There are many reasons why referencing is important to distinguish your own ideas from those of someone else. To cite different points of view. To validate what you are writing, by referring to documented evidence. Published work for instance can be used to support your argument and add credibility to your writing. To inform readers of the scope and depth of your reading. To integrate information by assessing, comparing, contrasting or evaluating it, to show understanding. To emphasize a position that you agree or disagree with. To refer to other research that leads up to your study. To highlight a pertinent point by quoting the original. To enable readers to consult the original source independently.
Examples
List of References Format Example
Your Name
Address
City, State Zip
Phone, Cell Phone
Email
Reference List
Jane Doe
Hiring Manager
ABCD Company
Address
City
State, Zip
Phone
Email

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Research
The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research is important for gathering information so that existing problems can be solved. It is quite helpful in the academic field particularly for professionals like teachers, writers and scientists. Research requires time, effort and sometimes money to make it worthwhile. Students and professionals both know that conducting accurate, valid, and timely research into academic topics such as history, literature, or anthropology is critical to success in the classroom and at work. Writing the results into a paper is also a major step in the process. Here are some basic steps in performing secondary research.
OOH NOOS…….. * Not everything you read on the Internet is accurate or true. * Many pages are not dated. You may have to dig deeper to learn how current the info is. * Wikipedia is not always reliable information. Use it, but double check your information. * Don't rely solely on the Internet. The information you learn using the other nine options here might surprise you.
OOH YAAAH… Information you can get are from things like: * Textbooks * Think about it
Where Do I research?
What do I trust?

Think about it
Where Do I research?
What do I trust?

Reference Books * Non-fiction * Almanacs * Dictionaries * Encyclopedias * Quotations * Biographies

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Reliability
Refers to the consistency of a measure. A test is considered reliable if we get the same result repeatedly. For example, if a test is designed to measure a trait then each time the test is administered to a subject, the results should be approximately the same.
The quality of being dependable or reliable. Reliability is best when paired with validity, but because reliability can increase validity to get the best possible research method rather than because of their different positive characteristics. There are certain methodologies, such as qualitative data coding, where the validity is unsatisfactory and context dependent

Example

* Other people want the reliability and the dependability that comes from a commercial software model. * Other research presented during the same session similarly raised questions about the reliability of student surveys. * Page. 3
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Cadillac was plagued by poor quality and reliability. * In addition, weigh issues of reliability and safety as objectively with hybrid vehicles as with any other type of car.

Validity The state or quality of being valid. Validity is described as the degree to which a research study measures what it intends to measure. There are two main types of validity, internal and external. Internal validity refers to the validity of the measurement and test itself, whereas external validity refers to the ability to generalize the findings to the target population. Both are very important in analyzing the appropriateness, meaningfulness and usefulness of a research study. Think About It
How do I validate my work?
Is validation CORRECT?
Think About It
How do I validate my work?
Is validation CORRECT?

Example * Valid for the duration of your holiday. * Valid passport or ID card with a recent photo. * Page. 4
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Some remain valid despite a lack of interest by their owners to actually complete them. * Valid in conjunction with any other offer, promotion or concession

Validity is important in research because it determines whether the research measures the scope that it is intended to measure as well as to approximate the truthfulness of the results.

Synthesizing Synthesis is creating something new from a number of different sources. Synthesizing information is a process of examining and inferring relationships among sources and then making those relationships explicit. Synthesis is also a process of combining information and ideas to create or develop a new idea, focus, or perspective. An effective way to integrate and synthesize information is to recognize and use four particular thought patterns. Example * Synthesis of collagen, an important structural component of blood vessels, tendons, * The problem with warfarin is that it is a drug that prevents blood from clotting by inhibiting the synthesis of clotting factors. * Absolute asymmetric synthesis under physical fields: facts and fictions. * Conversely, delaying carbohydrate ingestion by several hours may slow down muscle glycogen synthesis. * Page. 5
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Synthesis of prostaglandins, it acts within the damaged tissue itself rather than on the nervous system. Think About It
Is my information true?
Is it something that can be proven?

Think About It
Is my information true?
Is it something that can be proven?

Synthesis also allows us to test and validate hypotheses, understand key processes, and better design future research efforts. Indeed, when a discipline succeeds in synthesis, it can make distinct, often epoch-making progress, leading the discipline to higher levels of understanding of the system being studied.

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Context Clue Context clues are hints or bits of information that help us figure out the Meaning of difficult or unfamiliar words we read. Context clues are the words, Phrases, or even pictures that surround a word, which help explain the words. Why Are Context Clues Important? Understanding context clues and using them effectively are important to you so that you may identify the word without the constant use of a dictionary. Example Raul is a lenient father. For instance, he lets his daughter stay up late and she can eat all the candy she wants.

In the example above, there are key clues to help you determine the meaning of the word lenient. First, the words for instance give you a hint that specific examples are going to be given for the word. Secondly, you are given the examples of Raul allowing his daughter to do as she pleases. She can stay up late and do whatever she wants. Therefore, we can determine that by being lenient Raul is easy-going or not strict.

Inference A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning. You make an inference when you use clues from the story to figure out something that the author doesn’t tell you. When you make an inference, be able to identify the clues that you used. If you infer that something has happened, you do not see, hear, feel, smell, or taste the actual event. But from what you know, it makes sense to think that it has happened. You make inferences everyday

Example * Sally arrives at home at 4:30 and knows that her mother does not get off of work until 5. Sally also sees that the lights are off in their house. Sally can infer that her mother is not yet home. * Bob knows that Baltimore is known for its crab cakes and Bob is going to a seafood restaurant in Baltimore for dinner tonight. Bob can infer that the restaurant will likely serve crab cakes. * Sherry's toddler is in bed upstairs. She hears a bang and crying. Sherry can infer that her toddler fell out of bed. * John hears a smoke alarm and smells burnt bacon. John can infer that his neighbor burnt her breakfast. * Jennifer hears her mailbox close and her dog is barking. Jennifer can infer that the postal carrier has delivered her mail.