...please click for enlargement Variations of Joint Designs or Energy Directors For the design of plastic parts for assembly with ultrasonic energy, many recommendations exist to save time, energy and tooling modifications. The first step for a designer is to determine the most suitable joining technique. The following variations are possible: Ultrasonic Welding Ultrasonic Swaging, Staking, Spot-Welding Ultrasonic Insertion Ultrasonic Welding The molten material builds at the contact area of the energy director between the to be welded parts. The ultrasonic waves are transferred through the part to the joint area. Common "standard" joint designs include: Basic 90 Degree Energy Director 90 Degree Energy Director Step Joint 90 Degree Energy Director Tongue & Groove Herrmann Ultrasonics Mash Joint Double V-Point Tongue & Groove The recommended process examples listed above can be varied with inserted gaskets or in-molded 2K injection molded gaskets. Ultrasonic Swaging, Staking, Spot-Welding please click for enlargement In addition to conventional types of joint design for bonding injection molded plastic parts, ultrasonic welding can be used in a verity of forms to accomplish a mechanical bond when only one part is of thermoplastic material. Common applications include: Swaging, for deforming or bending an area of a plastic piece to trap the other part (of different plastic or other materials). Through swaging...
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...Ben Cantrell Mr. Riley Brit/Lit 20 October ,2016 History of Welding Well in the history of welding. where the first welding was spotted was in Egypt during the 4000 B.C. (Welding history is thorough to begin in Egypt in starting in 4000 B.C in seral civilization started with cooper then progressed bronze to silver to gold to iron.) (Jeff grill). Just like on down the time line they have discovered tin. (Humans started working with bronze between 3000 and 2000bc. During the bronze and small gold circular boxes.) (Jeff Grill). Just like all the golden statues in Rome or even Egypt. That’s how they made their swords amour helmets. (The Samurais made swords using soldering) (Jeff Grill). Just like a little way down the timeline. (Cobalt used by Persians to color glass) (Jeff Grill). The Persians used this technique to color glass to make a picture in the church windows. In Egypt they used a technique called brazing. (painting discovered of brazing on a tomb of Vizien Rekh-mi-re) (Jeff Grill). The Egyptians also use a blow pipe and soldering trick to make a cups or vases. (Egyptians used solider and a blow pipe to in 1330bc for metal soldering) (Jeff Grill). In the 1000bc they found out how to bend metal and make stuff. (Iron work started bending metal while the use of a furnace to produce...
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...your First project Welding technology offer's society many beneficial ability's in enginering, construction, architecture, and also creates varied safety Concern's for the individual tradesmen' "tradeswomen"and their environment's. Welding Cover's a temperature range from 1500 F - 3000 ººF (800 ºC - 1635 ºC) and poses certain inevitable inherent risk's. As a skilled worker in this industry, one must proactively plan, prepare for any and all possible problem's, determine solution's and prepare preventative measures to use in case they arrive. Many welders reflecting on thier welding shop experience can admit they have acquired scars, acknowledge the dangers, and admit the necessity of demonstrating a professional respect for proper personal safety equipment and techniques. it has been said “If you play with fire you get burned” There are three main different risk's associated with welding including , heat, inhaling toxic fumes and electrical shock that are the most hazardous to your health, other various danger's include Gas leak, fire's and explosion's. In addition the extreme heat welding creates can burn you in many ways if not properly protected. There is ultraviolet light generated by the welding arc “electrical connection between welder and workpiece” that can cause severe radient heat, sunburns and increase your risk of skin cancer. Sparks can burn right through your gloves, boots and multiple layers of clothing even specialized welding coats! Using personal protection...
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...aluminium (AA5083). Firstly, data-driven modelling techniques such as Artificial Neural – Fuzzy networks and regressive analysis are used and by making the effective use of experimental data, FIS membership function parameters are trained. At the core, mathematical model that functionally relates tool rotational speed and forward movement per revolution to that of Yield strength, Ultimate strength and Weld quality are obtained. Also, simulations are performed, and the actual values are compared with the predicted values. Finally, multi-objective optimization of mechanical properties fuselage aluminium was undertaken using Genetic Algorithm to improve the performance of the tools industrially. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Objectives of the dissertation include Understanding the basic principles of operation of Friction Stir Welding (FSW). Gaining experience in modelling and regressive analysis. Gaining expertise in MATLAB programming. Identifying the best strategy to achieve the yield strength, Ultimate Tensile strength and Weld quality of Friction Stir Welding. Performing optimization of mechanical properties of FSW using Genetic Algorithm. I To draw conclusions on prediction of mechanical properties of FSW optimization of aircraft fuselage aluminium. ACHIEVEMENTS The basic principles of friction welding of the welding operations are well studied and understood. The theoretical concepts of modelling techniques are familiarised. Gained expertise in MATLAB programming...
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...information on how to achieve good sound weld by familiarizing the imperfections, joint configuration, types of joints and welds and the enhancement of the welders’ skill/technique. 2. PURPOSE The purpose of this training module is to equip the welder with the ability to conduct visual inspection, familiarization with weld imperfection and to enhance welders ability make a weld free of any imperfection/defect inside the weld metal and weld surface. 3. REFERENCE 3.1 CSWIP Book 2008 3.2 TWI Course Reference WIS7 3.3 ASME I 3.4 ASME V 3.5 ASME IX 4 TRAINING PROGRAM Welder’s training would help to enhance the skill of each welder. It takes a lot of practice in order to be acquire a very good welding skill specially in boilers which has limited distance between weld joints and are quite restricted which gives a welder a hard time to perform. Before Welding • Ensure that all operations are carried out in complete compliance with local, company, or National safety legislation (i.e. permits to work are in place) etc. • Welding Machine, grinder, quiver, electrode holder, ground clamp and other tools they will use must be check if in good condition. • Proper PPE (i.e. welding mask, arm sleeve, respirator, welding cloves, welding apron, etc.) must be prepared. • Materials must be confirmed for the proper welding consumable issuance. • Analysis on the joint must be done to determine if need rectification in fit-up. • Working area must be checked if there are any hazardous...
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...PREPARING TO WELD 17 17 17 18 18 2 3 COMPRESSED GASSES AND EQUIPMENT HAZARDS ................................... 3 ADDITIONAL SAFETY INFORMATION ......... 4 PREPARING A SAFE WELDING WORK AREA.. PREPARING THE WORK PIECE ............. ALUMINUM WELDING PREPARATION ........ CONNECT WELDER GROUND .............. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 5 5 5 5 5 OPERATION GETTING TO KNOW YOUR NEW WELDER .... SETTING THE CONTROLS ................. HOLDING THE GUN ....................... Position of the Gun to the Work Piece ......... Distance from the Work Piece ............... LAYING A BEAD .......................... CLEANING THE WELD BEAD ............... 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 SPECIFICATIONS ......................... WELDER CONTROLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS. DUTY CYCLE ............................. INTERNAL THERMAL PROTECTION .......... ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 UNPACKING YOUR WELDER ................ INSTALL THE GROUND CLAMP .............. INSTALL WELDING GUN ASSEMBLY .......... PROVIDE REQUIRED POWER ............... Power Requirements ....................... Connect Welder to Power Source ............. Extension Cord Use ........................ INSTALL TANK TRAY AND BRACKET .......... SELECT SHIELDING GAS ................... WELDING TECHNIQUES...
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...pipeline was selected by Statoil for transport of the multiphase well stream from the two oil reservoirs. The Norne field is located at 66° North and subjected to strict environmental requirements. Therefore a Carbon steel pipeline, built with a corrosive resistant alloy layer ( CRA ), had been selected for the resistance against the corrosive fluid without the use of chemicals. An implication of this construction method is that the pipeline girth welds have to be made with an austenitic welding consumable (typically Inconel), which is very difficult to inspect using ultrasonic testing method. Furthermore the reeling process used for the pipeline installation require severe weld flaw detection capabilities. An extensive AUT-CRA qualification program has been utilized by Technip and Statoil to confirm that the proposed CRA inspection method meet the quality standards and requirements of DNV OS F101 Appendix E. Throughout the qualification process it has been verified that the CRA inspection technique adequately detects and qualitatively sizes the weld defects that also have been observed in destructive, microscopic evaluation. The so called Primary & Coincidence CRA inspection method* has been demonstrated to be very versatile in comparison with...
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...Incident Background Simon had been undertaking welding activities for an extended period of time when he reported blurred vision and sore eyes. Supervision was compromised and Simon welded without appropriate eye protection and as a result he sustained extensive damage and permanent loss of vision to both eyes. With an increase in industry demand and production, the company engaged seven (7) contractors to work on the site which increased the Leading Hands supervisory requirements from the usual three (3) workers to ten (10) workers with the addition of Simon. The Leading Hand then instructed Simon to work alongside a contractor and weld the base of a silo to its walls as Simon had stated that he had completed welding tasks during his school...
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...2003 ECI Conference on Advanced Materials for Construction of Bridges, Buildings, and Other Structures III % FILE: /main/production/doc/data/journals/services.bepress.com/advanced materials/assets/location.inc Switzerland% FILE: (cont) /main/production/doc/data/journals/services.bepress.com/eci/assets/proceedings/pdftitlepage.te Editors: % FILE: /main/production/doc/data/journals/services.bepress.com/advanced materials/assets/editors.incV Mistry, P.E., Office of Bridge Technology, Federal Highway Administration, USA Dr. Atorod Azizinamini, Ph.D., P.E., Civil Engineering Department, University of Nebraska, USA John M. Hooks, P.E., Office of Infrastructure Research & Development, Federal Highway Administration, USA % FILE: /main/production/doc/data/journals/services.bepress.com/eci/assets/proceedings/defines.tmpl (cont) Year Paper High Performance Steel For Highway Bridges Vasant C. Mistry ∗ ∗ Federal Highway Administration High Performance Steel For Highway Bridges Abstract All steels possess a combination of properties that determines how well steel performs. Strength, weldability, toughness, ductility, corrosion resistance, and formability are all important to determine how well steel performs. High-performance steel (HPS) can be defined as having an optimized balance of these properties to give maximum performance in bridge structures while remaining cost-effective. http://services.bepress.com/eci/advanced materials/1 Copyright c 2005 by the...
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...21 April 2004 ; in revised form 28 June 2004) ABSTRACT Friction stir welding is a promising solid state joining process and is widely being considered for aluminum alloys. In this work, the microstructural and corrosion properties of friction stir welded 7075 Al alloy were studied. The microstructures of the base metal, bore metal, thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and weld region were characterized by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Micro-hardness profile was obtained across the weld. The pitting corrosion properties of the weldments were studied in 3.5% NaCl solution. Friction stir welding of this alloy resulted in fine recrystallized grains in weld nugget which has been attributed to frictional heating and plastic flow. The process also produced a softened region in the weld nugget, which may be due to the dissolution and growth of possible precipitates, identified as Mg32(Al,Zn)49. Corrosion resistance of weld metal has been found to be better than that of TMAZ and base metal. 1. INTRODUCTION High strength precipitation hardening 7XXX series aluminum alloys, such as 7075 are used extensively in aerospace industry. These alloys are difficult to join by conventional fusion welding techniques. Hence realizing a fusion-welded joint in such alloys without impairing the mechanical properties is a difficult task for the welding engineer. Consequently the welding engineer has to rely on rivets and fasteners with substantial increase in...
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...FLEXIBLY DIVIDED DOUBLE LUMEN ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE Viren Sunil Kalsekar, Joy Lee, Jenny Qiu, Nicholas Ragosta, Javier Ramos, David Taylor Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA ABSTRACT Endotracheal tubes (ETT), are used to maintain patient airway access during surgical procedures. The design presented here addresses a current need of the gold standard ETT by allowing for the passage of a larger bronchoscope through the inner lumen of the ETT while keeping outer dimensions constant. This design incorporates a flexible membrane with a wavy geometry to ensure a return to the neutral axis, thus allowing for even ventilation of both lungs. Flow tests simulating surgical ventilation conditions were conducted. These results confirmed that adequate air flow could be obtained independent of any pressure differences across the membrane. Tests of the prototype also confirmed that maximum instrumentation diameter was increased through this design when compared to a commercially available ETT with identical outer dimensions (35 Fr). Finite element analysis was conducted to determine the necessary thickness of the membrane for a safe design. One key design feature of the membrane is that its state of maximum deflection (2.1mm) does not significantly hinder airflow through the smaller lumen. Tests to further evaluate the functional requirements of safety and ease of use are currently under way. Methods of manufacturing this design are also under investigation. Keywords:...
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...in the industry, I arrived at the conclusion that the history of chain making is either a well kept secret or just not of much interest to anyone. Precious metal chain for jewelry has been around for a long time. Basically when man first began working extensively with gold back in Neolithic times he found that certain metals, most notably pure gold, were extremely ductile and could be hammered and stretched to a great degree. With the invention of wire, man could now take something rigid like metal and turn it into something flexible like chain. Chain making has always been, up until the middle of the 18th century, a labor-intensive time consuming hand operation. It was a well-versed art and most books on jewelry will demonstrate basic techniques on making chain by hand. Before automated wire drawing machines, the craftsman had to hammer down and pull metal through succeeding smaller dies to form thin wire. Once the wire was pulled down to the needed diameter, it was wound around a mandrel forming loops. Then, the craftsman would make a cut through the looped wire down the length of the mandrel forming individual offset loops. The craftsman would then interlock the loops, bend each link closed, and then solder each link. Tedious indeed, if you considered making an 1132 chain (.011" wire at 32 links per inch) by hand, it would contain 512 links for a...
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...2006, Stropki looked back on his company’s more than 100 years in the welding equipment and consumables industry with pride, wondering whether a strong push into India should be the next step in his company’s globalization. An India expansion had been considered for several years, but thus far the company had focused on growing its operations in China and elsewhere around the globe. If Stropki were to approve a significant allocation of resources toward an India expansion, he wondered what would be the best way to enter. He had a wealth of company lessons and experiences to apply to the India investment decision, as his company had had international operations since the 1940s, had struggled internationally in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and had gone on to regain its global competitive advantage in the late 1990s and early 2000s. During Stropki’s tenure as CEO since 2004, the company had further expanded globally and by 2006 owned manufacturing operations in 19 countries across five continents. Most recently, the company had enjoyed increasing success in China as a result of its aggressive expansion through both a joint venture and set of majority-owned plants. As Stropki opened the Cleveland newspaper to check the previous Sunday’s Cleveland Browns score, he wondered how he could apply the lessons of the Chinese experience in particular, to India. Welding Industry Welding is a technique for joining pieces of metal by fusion through the application of concentrated...
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...Fabfurnish Following my under graduation, to tap the taste of start ups and ever growing interest in marketing – I started working ……<framing this> The front end marketing analytics, where direct cum indirect interaction with the customers and their reaction pushed us how to increase the conversion rate and engagement with audiences. <need to frame this> Customer Insights – based on that taking further actions Launching the new campaigns on facebook and optimizing them on the key metrics like CTR(Cost to revenue Ratio),CPC(Cost per Click),CPV(Cost per Visit)– lowering the CRR (Cost to Revenue Ratio – inverse of ROI) bought down by 70%. Optimization was done on the basis of reports in which number are stacked up from Google Analytics and FB Power Editor to check the bounce rate and Conversion Rate Good with reports and reports making Engaging in Mobile as this was the time in India (late 2014) where mobile grew as a major player in the advertising industry and various different inventory of FB like MPA (multiple ads) and doing the category wise segmentation & performing the strategic group analysis which help in growth of 40% mobile revenue. - - -> key insight ran ads of those products which have low basket value (<1000 INR) since audience have more interaction for these products on mobile platform and thus increasing the funds in this segment and generating a 14 lac transaction in a single day through optimized reports * To show interest in...
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...and two 8-inch pieces of angle iron. The bar will serve as the top crossbar in your frame while the angle irons will join the frame to a wooden base. 3• Stand all three tubes on their ends, with the long tubes 5.5 inches apart. Place the short tube in between them and use an arc welder to weld the steel crossbar at their top ends, and the angle iron pieces on both sides of their bottom ends. This will make a rectangular metal frame with the short pipe in the middle of one short side. • 4 File or grind any rough edges from your frame, then paint it. The paint will dampen down any shavings. Once painted, it can be attached to a wooden base by passing screws through the holes in the angle iron piece. • 5 Make the press canister by welding a circular piece cut from your plate steel onto one end of a wide steel tube. Drill holes through the outside of the canister and file down any rough edges. • 6 Form the press piston by cutting another circle of plate steel just small enough to fit inside the press canister. On one side of the disk, weld a short length of pipe with a diameter big enough to fit snugly over the end of the short pipe in the press's frame. • 7 Chop off the bottom third of a round plastic jug and cut a hole in the center of it big enough for the middle pipe in your frame. This will collect the oil as it drips...
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