...1. Why was welfare established in the 1930s? Welfare was established in the 1930’s as part of President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. During the Great Depression, local and state governments as well as private charities were overwhelmed by needy families seeking shelter, food, and clothing. In 1935, welfare for poor children and other dependent persons became the responsibility of the federal government. To deal with the depression, the Social Security Act of 1935 provided a minimal level of sustenance to elderly Americans, established a safety net for less fortunate Americans, and also created a program to assist some of the nation’s poor. One of which used to be called Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This program went on to become the main support for needy, one parent families. The goal of AFDC was to protect societies most vulnerable: children living in poverty. 2. What are the two main criticisms of welfare?...
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...countries that have an established universal health care system, and the citizens of these countries have access to care. Why is it so hard for the United States of America to create and accomplish this same feat? Is it because of pluralistic views of those in power in America? Is it because of capitalism? Fleming (2006) states, “ compared to health care systems in other nations, the U.S. system depends more on the free market and is more fragmented in pluralism with multiple players, and with large but not Universal public power” (para. 2). Is the United States’ unwillingness to craft a system based on models contrived in the thirty-two countries a testament to more conservative libertarian views, by holding on to the belief that Government should have limited power over the people? Either way it is a defeatist view for America and the disadvantaged groups in this country....
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...Ethical Issues Concerning Welfare reform Alexandra Padua Dr. Jonathan Christensen MG260: Business Law I Opening statement * “I think we should acknowledge that some welfare programs in the past were not well designed and in some cases did encourage dependency.…” President Barrack Obama The beginning of welfare in the 1930’s to President Clinton’s welfare reform in the 1990’s A. Why did President Franklin find a need to begin welfare in the U.S.A? B. What welfare did for America and who it helped? C. How President Clinton reformed welfare, and why. D. How effective President Clintons changed towards welfare has been. I. President Franklin felt the obligation II. Welfare was given to the people of America as a hand up to get back on their feet. It helped anyone who needed the assistance. III. President Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act. IV. President Clinton’s changes pushed able bodied person(s) to work and support themselves and their families. Legal Issues concerning welfare reform A. Immigrants B. Requirements C. Length of time I. Immigrants that need Medicaid are not eligible. II. To receive TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) people now need to be looking for a job, working or, evolved in job education. III. People who are receiving benefits are limited to the time they can receive benefits. Ethical Issues concerning welfare reform. A. Helping Americans...
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...“The problems caused by poverty were mainly responsible for Social reform, 1880-1980.” Discuss Poverty has certainly been a key factor in causing social reform between 1880 and 1980. However it has not been the only influence and along with other causal factors like war, political ideology, economic policy and political self-interest, it has played a lesser or greater part at different times over this one hundred year period. Poverty was rife in 1880 but there was little interest from the government in reforming social conditions. The prevailing attitude of the government was “laissez faire”. Samuel Smiles a social commentator championed the ideal of ‘self-help’. If poverty did influence social reform at this time, its influence was negative. The belief that helping the poor would make them lazy and dependant was a key reason why many politicians opposed the introduction of social reform. They were happy to stay with the hopelessly outdated Poor Law which punished poverty with the workhouse, believing that the poor, chose to be poor and were feckless. Charles Booth was of this opinion until he carried out a study of the poor in London between 1889 and 1903.In his book “Life and Labour of the people in London” he concluded that despite working hard, 30% of London’s population was in poverty. This shocked the public and the government. When a similar study on the city of York was published by Seebohm Rowntree it simply confirmed what Booth had found; poverty was endemic. This...
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...National and International Approaches in Social Reporting Author(s): Franz Rothenbacher Reviewed work(s): Source: Social Indicators Research, Vol. 29, No. 1 (May, 1993), pp. 1-62 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27522680 . Accessed: 25/11/2011 03:27 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Social Indicators Research. http://www.jstor.org FRANZ ROTHENBACHER NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES IN SOCIAL REPORTING* (Accepted 27 October, 1992) ABSTRACT. National and international in social in western approaches reporting are described. starts with The the outline of current in activities paper Europe are discussed. international The national Further organizations. competing approaches and products of social reporting; the plurality of actors in social topics are the sources and different The only diffusion of ways of its institutionalization. reporting, incomplete inWestern social are offered...
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...hurt the general welfare of citizens. The result of the Great Depression was the New Deal. This New Deal shaped an essential and deep-seated change in the role and composition of the federal government in the United States. This caused the federal government to take a much larger role in supporting general welfare programs, but the states would retain some control in the management of these programs. The federal and shared states’ parts of the general welfare system were distinguished by unfriendly rules. The focus of this paper is to show how the economic climate of the times and the federal response shifted the way Americans perceived the government. This paper closes with the results of the New Deal and how it shaped the future economic aspects of America. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………4 II. PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO COMBAT UNEMPLOYMENT……….4 III. PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO BOOST THE HOUSING MARKET…..7 IV. PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO IMPROVE TH GENERAL WELFARE………………………………………………………………8 V. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………….9 VI. REFERENCES…………………………………………………………..10 INTRODUCTION The Great Depression had an extremely large impact on the United States economy during the 1920’s through the 1940’s. The gross domestic...
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...Running head: A BETTER WELFARE SYSTEM 1 A Better Welfare System Seminar 2: Developing Learning Tools Ottawa University Nancy Hindle Teresa Martinez February 24, 2012 Abstract Welfare programs have been established to help the poor survive. Even in the 1930’s, when welfare programs were in their infancy, prominent members in government expressed concern that welfare programs may inadvertently promote abuse of the system. The work ethic of that generation was completely different than it is now. It was embarrassing to be on Welfare. It was humiliating to stand in line at the market and present food stamps to pay for food. In today’s society, there are many people that do abuse the welfare system. Today, there is no shame in expecting taxpayers to pay the way for those who refuse to work. They refuse to take a job because it isn’t something that they want to be doing, yet, they walk around in name brand clothing, fingernails done, hair done, driving new cars while on state assistance. Lawmakers have put the Welfare Reform in place, but concepts are not working. Lawmakers are constantly making changes to the systems in order to keep people from abusing the systems, but much more work is needed. If the abuse continues, the welfare system will be jeopardized because there won’t be any funds available to continue to run the programs that need to be in place for those that actually...
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...near the end of the 19th century, that was when welfare officers, or as they were sometimes referred to as welfare secretaries, were created. Welfare officers were mostly women, who were only concerned with the protection of women and girls, and their creation was a result of the conditions of the workplace, the stress that was being put on workers due to the expansion of the business's franchise and as their role grew the aim of moral protection for women and children was challenged by a need for higher output by the employers. Personnel management was pushed forward by WW1 due to women being recruited in high numbers to do the jobs of men that had left for war, which meant there had to be negotiations with the trade union about upping their employee levels to counter act the problem that their new hired workforce was unskilled at the job they were placed in and during that time personnel was being pushed forward by government schemes to get the most out of their employees. By 1916 it became mandatory to have a welfare officer in factories that manufactured explosives and was encouraged for munitions factories to have a welfare officer, at this time there was over 1,300 welfare officers. It was only until the WW2 that welfare and personnel workers were brought on at full-time at all locations that were manufacturing war materials because the Ministry of Labour and National service had insisted on it, just like in WW1 when welfare workers were placed in munitions factories. This...
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...Double Consciousness is a term coined by W. E. B. Du Bois to define an individual whose distinctiveness is divided into several facets. As a theoretical tool, “double consciousness” discloses the divisions in American society and allows for a full understanding of those separations. The term "double consciousness" originated from an 1897 Atlantic Monthly article of Du Bois's titled Strivings of the Negro People. It was later republished and slightly revised under the title Of Our Spiritual Strivings in his assortment of essays, The Souls of Black Folk. This was a concept established by the American sociologist to describe the sensed contradiction between social values and day-to-day struggle confronted by blacks in the United States. Being a black as well as an American raised conflicts amongst American social ideals, which blacks shared. Nevertheless, DuBois saw blacks as secluded from the visible American life. The problem of African Americans double consciousness can be resolved. But, in order to permit Blacks to be fully American with equal rights and benefits as any other American, and yet still be African, and uphold the cultural traditions, there needs to be a separation from the thinking that there is a "bio-genetically or naturally determined character of the personality (DuBois).” Double consciousness is actually significant in today’s modern society. “While majority of people would like to debate that we live in a post-racial civilization, there are still many differences...
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...Welfare in the United States Welfare consists of actions or procedures especially on the part of governments and institutions on the part of governments and institutions striving to promote the basic well being of individuals in need. These efforts usually strive to improve the financial situation of people in need but may also strive to improve their employment chances and many other aspects of their lives including sometimes their mental health. In American English, welfare is often used to refer to financial aid provided to individuals in need, which is called benefits or welfare benefits in British English. In many countries, most such aid is provided by family members, relatives and the local community and is only theoretically available from government sources. Welfare can take a variety of forms, such as monetary payments, subsidies and vouchers, health services or housing. Welfare can be provided by governments, non-governmental organizations or combination of the two. Welfare schemes may be funded directly by governments or in social insurance models by the members of the welfare scheme. Welfare systems differ from country to country but welfare is commonly provided to those who are unemployed, those with illness or disability, those of old age, those with dependent children and to veterans. A person’s eligibility for welfare may also be constrained by means testing or other conditions. In more general sense, welfare also means the well-being of individuals or a...
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...Welfare Reform Laura Lee Niehoff POL 201 Instructor: Marion Rogers August 26, 2012 Welfare Reform Government assistance programs have been around for many years. The US welfare program began in the 1930’s during the Great Depression (US Welfare System - Help for US Citizens, 2012). The whole idea behind the welfare program was to give aid to families who had little or no income. The welfare program, in the United States, was originally designed to help provide a minimal level of aid to help maintain the wellbeing of citizens. Previously, the local communities would help the less fortunate. Social groups would give donations of food to struggling families. These groups would also donate clothing and other necessities. Now, the government is the largest provider of these programs. The programs were originally based on helping those unable to work or provide for themselves. Until the 1960’s only disabled, or elderly citizens were qualified to receive aid. Legislation not only changed the recipients eligible for help, but also the help available. Programs such as health care, food stamps, pregnancy assistance, and help for single mothers started to emerge. The next addition to the program was housing benefits. To some, the addition of these new programs made it more enticing to receive aid rather than work. The programs had now become considered easy money. If you were able to show need, you would most likely qualify for benefits. Over the last 80...
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...in a foster care system. This quote comes from a foster care child who talks about the fears of never having parents or ever being accepted because they are in foster care. Foster care systems have face many difficulties, and increasing amount of children, and the problems that the children face in and out of foster care. In our world today the economy is so badly corrupted that permanency for a foster...
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...rights of the individual as well as the best services for them has been an ongoing task since the early 1900’s. Several organizations have been started to assist in the care of individual populations such as the poor, children, mentally ill, and developmentally disabled. The ultimate goal of these organizations is to create a manageable and fully functional society. President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the Social Security Act of 1935 to assure the well-being of the unemployed. The Social Security Administration assisted all unemployed be they disabled or elderly, and continues to provide financial support to qualified individuals. Prior to the 1900’s, the mentally and developmentally disabled populations were considered outcasts. Due to no known cause or treatment, hundreds of individuals were institutionalized in an attempt to remove them from normal society. The conditions of these institutions were atrocious and the habitants received no individual rights. Society’s solution to manage behaviors was to over-medicate and restrain which ultimately resulted in several unnecessary deaths. It wasn’t until the 1950’s that society called for institutionalized patients to be released to the community for outpatient care. The deinstitutionalization movement brought about a drastic change in the culture of society surrounding disabled individuals. By the 1970’s, mental health treatment had moved from isolated institutions to community based group homes much like the day...
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...for the value of currency. Many nations used gold as the foundation for their currency. However, now world currencies are no longer backed by gold reserves. Currencies are traded globally and now hold their strength in their trading value, yet gold is still a commodity that is traded in its own market. The gold standard was abandoned, first by Great Britain in 1931, and the United States followed suit in 1933, (2001, Lawrence). It was in the beginning of the great depression that governments believed that the gold standard was not allowing currency to be flexible with current economic conditions, thus resulting from recession to depression. In turn gold was abandon as currency value and currency was basically at face value. In the 1800’s gold and silver were the valued metals that were traded, however gold was the mainly traded because of its high value and return. Although there was no official gold standard, gold was the main source of currency back up. It was not until 1900 that gold was officially acknowledged due to the Gold Standard Act, (Moffat, 2007). To understand how gold use to value was currency Mike Moffat explains, The Encyclopedia of Economics and Liberty defines the gold standard as "a commitment by participating countries to fix the prices of their domestic currencies in terms of a specified amount of gold. National money and other forms of money (bank deposits and notes) were freely converted into gold at the fixed...
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...on United States Welfare: Federally funded and governed US welfare began in the 1930's during the Great Depression. The US government responded to the overwhelming number of families and individuals in need of aid by creating a welfare program that would give assistance to those who had little or no income. The US welfare system stayed in the hands of the federal government for the next sixty-one years. Welfare system reform became a hot topic in the1990's. Bill Clinton was elected as President with the intention of reforming the federally run US Welfare program. In 1996 the Republican Congress passed a reform law signed by President Clinton that gave the control of the welfare system back to the states. The United States provides many different Welfare programs to help meet the needs of citizens with lower incomes and also programs that are intended to help citizens progress out of their current living situations. Some programs are common knowledge, but there are also other programs that most people don’t are under the Social Welfare umbrella. Why is Social Welfare a Social Problem? Social Welfare is a social problem because they are government programs citizens are forced to pay into whether they support it or not, limiting their choice of how they want their money to be used. Social Welfare is also a program that supports thousands of individuals and families who may not be able to support themselves. There is great debate on whether social welfare programs should be...
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