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West Nile Virus Research Paper

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The West Nile Virus affects humans, along with other animals with a vertebrate, by transmitting a disease that enters the brain. This serious virus is mainly transmitted by mosquito bites. However, there has been cases where the virus was passed on through blood transfusions, organ transplantations, and intrauterine transmissions. This disease mainly affects those who are ages 50+ or those with a weak immune system. In 1937, the first person that caught West Nile Virus lived in Uganda. Although, even many years later, there is still no known treatment to cure this awful virus. Studies, not yet proven, state that the virus enters body cells by endocytosis (cells absorb molecules by engulfing them) and fusion with the beginning endosome. Once the mosquito bites and passes the virus through the skin, the virus will replicate within the epidermal keratinocytes and langerhans cells. The moving Langerhans dendrite cells enter the inward conducting lymphatics, to travel to the lymph nodes that are draining. If the virus enters the outward conducting lymphatics, it then enters the …show more content…
Normally the BBB will be able to block out pathogens to protect the brain. The virus can also force its way into the central nervous system through retrograde axonal transport alongside the peripheral neurons traveling into the spinal cord. If the spinal cord's motor neurons are killed off, the patient is likely to get paralysis. Neurons will initiate an immune response which causes inflammation within the CNS. However, the T-cells, can be overtaken by the virus; after they're infected, they will direct the pathogen into the brain by other immune response cells that have been recruited (cytokines and chemokines). When the CNS itself has a delay in response to neuronal injury, the risk of death increases. In animals, that had the West Nile Virus, the virus persisted for up to 4-6

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