...How to assess the validity of online information Executive summary Starting with an answer on question “Why to evaluate?” this document explains techniques and methods of evaluation of online information through two similar approaches. It does not compare and it does not suggest better way of evaluation either. However, it raises the importance of evaluation but it is up to the reader himself/herself what will do with information covered here. Introduction The World Wide Web provides information from all around the world. There is extremely wide variety of material, different in its reliability, accuracy and value. No one has to approve the content before publishing like in more traditional form (books or magazines) and everyone can publish. Internet by its nature was designed to provide unrestricted information. There are no rules or standards as far as quality of information which writer can put on the internet are concerned. This information can be found in a large variety of kinds and was created for different purposes. Each of these different kinds and purposes has various levels of quality, credibility and reliability. Purpose of this report is to discuss how to assess validity of online information and most appropriate methods of evaluation. Discussion 1. Why to evaluate online information The nature of the web itself and the fact that anyone can publish or even change content of some...
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...Executive summary Starting with an answer on question “Why to evaluate?” this document explains techniques and methods of evaluation of online information through two similar approaches. It does not compare and it does not suggest better way of evaluation either. However, it raises the importance of evaluation but it is up to the reader himself/herself what will do with information covered here. Introduction The World Wide Web provides information from all around the world. There is extremely wide variety of material, different in its reliability, accuracy and value. No one has to approve the content before publishing like in more traditional form (books or magazines) and everyone can publish. Internet by its nature was designed to provide unrestricted information. There are no rules or standards as far as quality of information which writer can put on the internet are concerned. This information can be found in a large variety of kinds and was created for different purposes. Each of these different kinds and purposes has various levels of quality, credibility and reliability. Purpose of this report is to discuss how to assess validity of online information and most appropriate methods of evaluation. Discussion 1. Why to evaluate online information The nature of the web itself and the fact that anyone can publish or even change content of some websites means that excellent resources reside along...
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...English for Specific Purposes: Validity of Reading Strategies Larissa de Pinho Cavalcanti Universidade Federal de Pernambuco In Brazil, English for Specific Purposes was developed based on the need immediate linguistic knowledge for reading and understanding technical and academic texts – a purpose that remains until today. Indeed, several publications focus on the instrumental approach across different fields of knowledge, taking as its basis not only reading and its strategic competences but the learning of language structures that might contribute to an efficient reading process. On digital distance learning, the instrumental approach to ESP is yet predominant which can be explained by the novelty of the modality in the country in the sense that time to adjust to the possibilities virtual learning environments provide us with is still required. That is the context of our teaching for the Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Educação in their distance learning program. Our paper aims at discussing the relevance of reading and reading strategies according to students’ own opinions and the theoretical considerations of KLEIMAN (2013), SOLÉ (1998) on reading as a process; JUNIOR (1999), LEFFA (1996), CHAVES (2006), on ESP and reading. Keywords: distance learning; English language; reading strategies. ESP: history, features and Brazil Learning English as a second or foreign language has become a world-wide necessity. Whether living...
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...Abstract Brands rushed into social media, viewing social networks, video sharing, online communities, and microblogging sites as the panacea to diminishing returns for traditional brand building routes. But as more branding activity moves to the Web, marketers are confronted with the stark realization that social media was made for people, not for brands. In this article, we explore the emergent cultural landscape of open source branding, and identify marketing strategies directed at the hunt for consumer engagement on the People’s Web. These strategies present a paradox, for to gain coveted resonance, the brand must relinquish control. We discuss how Webbased power struggles between marketers and consumer brand authors challenge accepted branding truths and paradigms: where short-term brands can trump longterm icons; where marketing looks more like public relations; where brand building gives way to brand protection; and brand value is driven by risk, not returns. # 2011 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. All rights reserved. 1. The party crashers: Marketers and the Social Web Brands today claim hundreds of thousands of Facebook friends, Twitter followers, online community members, and YouTube fans; yet, it is a lonely, scary time to be a brand manager. Despite marketers’ desires to leverage Web 2.0 technologies to their advantage, a stark truth presents itself: the Web was created not to sell branded products, but to link people together in collective conversational...
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...Business Horizons (2011) 54, 193—207 www.elsevier.com/locate/bushor The uninvited brand Susan Fournier a,*, Jill Avery b a b Boston University School of Management, 595 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A. Simmons School of Management, 300 The Fenway, M-336, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. KEYWORDS Branding; Brand management; Social media; Web 2.0; Co-creation Abstract Brands rushed into social media, viewing social networks, video sharing, online communities, and microblogging sites as the panacea to diminishing returns for traditional brand building routes. But as more branding activity moves to the Web, marketers are confronted with the stark realization that social media was made for people, not for brands. In this article, we explore the emergent cultural landscape of open source branding, and identify marketing strategies directed at the hunt for consumer engagement on the People’s Web. These strategies present a paradox, for to gain coveted resonance, the brand must relinquish control. We discuss how Webbased power struggles between marketers and consumer brand authors challenge accepted branding truths and paradigms: where short-term brands can trump longterm icons; where marketing looks more like public relations; where brand building gives way to brand protection; and brand value is driven by risk, not returns. # 2011 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. All rights reserved. 1. The party crashers: Marketers and the Social Web Brands...
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...Research Methods for Strategic Managers to Aid in Decision Making Abstract [P1] Managers can be trained to make better decisions. They also need a supportive environment where they won’t be unfairly criticised for making wrong decisions and will receive proper support from their colleague and superiors. A climate of criticism and fear stifles risk-taking and creativity; managers will respond by ‘playing it safe’ to minimise the risk of criticism which diminishes the business’ effectiveness in responding to market changes. It may also mean managers spend too much time trying to pass the blame around rather than getting on with running the business. The study is based on all-embracing research to assemble information from a variety of sources such as internet, interview and books. The research was conducting on the decision making in the different economic scenario data was collected and results were evaluated. Introduction [P1] [1.1] Some decisions are difficult because of the need to take into account how other people in the situation will respond to the decision that is taken. The analysis of such social decisions is more often treated under the label of game theory, rather than decision theory, though it involves the same mathematical methods. From the standpoint of game theory most of the problems treated in decision theory are one-player games (or the one player is viewed as playing against an impersonal background situation). In the emerging socio-cognitive engineering...
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...CHAPTER FOUR FINDINGS, INTERPRETATIONS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction This chapter deals with the analysis of mainly the primary data obtained from the field using interview, questionnaires & Case study analysis amongst other methods of data collection prescribed in the methodology section of the report. It embroils elements such as demographic characteristics of the respondents, and basically the analysis of the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables stipulated in the topic of study. The findings in this chapter are consistent with the research objectives and research questions. Thus out of the 100 questionnaires dispatched out for the study, only 90 which represents 90% were attempted. This implies that the interpretation and discussions therein the chapter were based on the 90 filled questionnaires. These findings were as below; 4.2 Demographic Characteristics. 4.1.1 Respondents Gender This comprised of both male and female respondents. Thus out of 90 respondents who attempted the questionnaires, 77(86%) were male and 13(14%) were female as indicated in the table 2 and figure 1 below. Table 2: showing gender of the respondents | |Frequency |Percentage (%) | | | | | |Values | | | |Male |77 ...
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...1)Introduction; Crime today is at an extreme high. However, forensic science has been there to help solve every crime committed Forensic science is the scientific method of gathering and examining information about the past. The word forensic comes from the Latin forēnsis, meaning "of or before the forum. The word forensic basically means the key to solve a crime.This is the technology used to help forensic teams to analyze and solve crimes.- This is especially important in law enforcement where forensics is done in relation to criminal or civil law,[1] but forensics are also carried out in other fields, such as astronomy, archaeology, biology and geology to investigate ancient times. Forensic Science is used to Identify Criminals Rape, murder, theft, and other crimes almost always leave a devastating mark on the victim. . In modern forensic science, the crime laboratories include photography section, Evidence storage section, identification section, chemistry section, General examination section, Fire arms section, instrument section and crime scene search section. 2)Origins of forensic science: In 16th-century Europe, medical practitioners in army and university settings began to gather information on the cause and manner of death. Ambroise Paré, a French army surgeon, systematically studied the effects of violent death on internal organs.[9][10] Two Italian surgeons, Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia, laid the foundation...
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...1. An IS auditor is reviewing access to an application to determine whether the 10 most recent "new user" forms were correctly authorized. This is an example of: A. variable sampling. B. substantive testing. C. compliance testing. D. stop-or-go sampling. The correct answer is: C. compliance testing. Explanation: Compliance testing determines whether controls are being applied in compliance with policy. This includes tests to determine whether new accounts were appropriately authorized. Variable sampling is used to estimate numerical values, such as dollar values. Substantive testing substantiates the integrity of actual processing, such as balances on financial statements. The development of substantive tests is often dependent on the outcome of compliance tests. If compliance tests indicate that there are adequate internal controls, then substantive tests can be minimized. Stop-or-go sampling allows a test to be stopped as early as possible and is not appropriate for checking whether procedures have been followed. 2. The decisions and actions of an IS auditor are MOST likely to affect which of the following risks? A. Inherent B. Detection C. Control D. Business The correct answer is: B. Detection Explanation: Detection risks are directly affected by the auditor's selection of audit procedures and techniques. Inherent risks usually are not affected by the IS auditor. Control risks are controlled by the actions of the company's management. Business...
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...See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259072387 Cloud Computing Security Issues and Challenges ARTICLE · JANUARY 2011 CITATIONS READS 13 20,419 1 AUTHOR: Ibikunle Ayoleke Botswana International University of Science… 29 PUBLICATIONS 30 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Available from: Ibikunle Ayoleke Retrieved on: 13 February 2016 Kuyoro S. O., Ibikunle F. & Awodele O. Cloud Computing Security Issues and Challenges Kuyoro S. O. afolashadeng@gmail.com Department of Computer Science Babcock University Ilishan-Remo, 240001, Nigeria Ibikunle F. faibikunle2@yahoo.co.uk Department of Computer Science Covenant University Otta, 240001, Nigeria Awodele O. delealways@yahoo.com Department of Computer Science Babcock University Ilishan-Remo, 240001, Nigeria Abstract Cloud computing is a set of IT services that are provided to a customer over a network on a leased basis and with the ability to scale up or down their service requirements. Usually cloud computing services are delivered by a third party provider who owns the infrastructure. It advantages to mention but a few include scalability, resilience, flexibility, efficiency and outsourcing non-core activities. Cloud computing offers an innovative business model for ...
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...objective 10 1.3.2 Specific objectives 11 1.4 Research Questions 11 1.5 Significance of the study 12 2 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 DATA, INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT 13 2.2.1 An overview of data, information, knowledge and records 13 2.2.2 Role of data, information, knowledge and records in organizations 14 2.2.3 Information and knowledge as critical resources in development 15 2.3 Meaning of Record 17 2.3.1 Records Management 17 2.3.2 Record keeping principles 18 2.3.3 Management of Public Records 27 2.3.4 Functions and responsibilities of a records office 28 2.4 Record management policies 29 2.5 Managing electronic records 30 2.6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY 31 2.6.1 Records life-cycle 31 2.6.2 Records continuum 33 2.6.3 Hybrid records life-cycle theory 36 2.6.4 Linking the theoretical framework to the research problem 37 3 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Research area 39 3.3 Research design 39 3.4 Population and sampling procedure 39 3.5 Data collection tools 40 3.5.1 Questionnaire 40 3.5.2 Observation 41 3.5.3 Documentation 41 3.5.4 Interviews 41 3.6 Data analysis 41 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 42 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION According to the Federal Records Act (1950), a record is, “recorded information, regardless of medium or characteristics, made or received by an organization that is evidence of its operations and has...
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...Dmitry Lovket, 01.04.2014 Foreword Castles, knights, dragons, battles and even newly-invented language – all these features are typically attributed with storyworlds created in the tradition of J. R. R. Tolkien. George R. R. Martin not only shares the initials with the author of The Lord of the Rings, but with A Song of Ice and Fire, has created a series of books that received enthusiastic reviews from critics and readers all over the world, nominating him the unofficial title of ―American Tolkien‖ [9]. In 2007 Martin agreed to collaborate with cable network HBO‘s writer-producers David Banioff and Daniel B. Weiss on the adaptation of his epic novel series to TV under the name Game of Thrones (GoT) [14]. Its narrative features the medieval fantasy world of Westeros, in which five noble families struggle to seize the all governing Iron Throne, and, with a complete broadcast of three seasons, the result has led TV critics to hail the show as one of the pinnacles of quality television narrative [21]. The show has also obtained an exceptionally broad and international fandom. The series has won numerous awards and nominations. It is the most recent big-budget media franchise to have contributed to the popularity of epic fantasy genre in mainstream TV. This essay will analyze the transmedia storytelling strategies applied to promote the TV series Game of Thrones. Transmedia storytelling is understood as a story told throughout numerous media platforms, with special...
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...Introduction The use of software solutions to support business-critical processes has a decisive influence on the commercial success of the banks. At present, they are faced with the challenge of selecting optimal solutions to fit their particular needs, and implementing them. Information technology is indisputably crucial to the activities of financial service providers. A considerable proportion of funds should be spent on core banking systems, which provide indispensable support for bank-specific business processes. For some years now, banking software has been the source of lively debate. The advanced age of many business-critical systems, as well as their rigidity and complexity, have proven to be a burden to banks. Concern exists that they might no longer be able to meet the demands of today’s market. The triggers of this concern have been software systems that have been in use for a number of years and have been further developed over the course of time; in many instances they have been linked up – as effectively as possible – to bolt-on applications. Many core banking systems have grown up over the years that are lacking in the necessary flexibility, which has been compensated by workarounds. The technical problems that affected RBS Group has caused the banks to rethink their IT strategy. The transformation of the software environment is not merely giving banks the flexibility and agility they need. The use of appropriate applications also constitutes an effective...
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...media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. The technologies through which this communication takes place varies. Broadcast media such as radio, recorded music, film and television transmit their information electronically. Print media use a physical object such as a newspaper, book, pamphlet or comics,[1] to distribute their information. Outdoor media is a form of mass media that comprises billboards, signs or placards placed inside and outside of commercial buildings, sports stadiums, shops and buses. Other outdoor media include flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and skywriting.[2] Public speaking and event organising can also be considered as forms of mass media.[3] The digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media provides many mass media services, such as email, websites, blogs, and internet based radio and television. Many other mass media outlets have a presence on the web, by such things as having TV ads that link to a website, or distributing a QR Code in print or outdoor media to direct a mobile user to a website. In this way, they can utilise the easy accessibility that the Internet has, and the outreach that Internet affords, as information can easily be broadcast to many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. The organizations that control these technologies, such as television stations or publishing companies, are also known as the mass media...
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...RENAISSANCE LEADERSHIP Transforming Leadership for the 21st Century J. Martin Hays and Choule Youn Kim THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Key Words: |Leadership |Management Education |Future Trends | |Leadership Development |The New Millennium |Leadership Competencies | ABSTRACT Conventional leaders and leadership of the past are insufficient to meet the demands of the 21st Century. As we enter the new millennium, our world is characterised by unprecedented complexity, paradox, and unpredictability. Change is rapid and relentless. Today’s leaders face demands unlike any ever before faced. Standard leadership approaches that have served us well throughout much of history are quickly becoming liabilities. Conventional wisdom regarding leadership and many of its habits must be unlearned. The strong, decisive, charismatic, and independent leader and leadership we have idealised, strived to be, depended upon, and longed for may prove counter-productive in the new millennium and undermine a sustainable future. The challenges and opportunities of the 21st Century call for a new type of leader and leadership, indeed an entirely new and different way of thinking about leadership and of developing future leaders. This paper explores the nature of the nascent millennium and the leader and leadership qualities and capabilities...
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