...issues involved in constructing coherent design theory. The research investigations led to a clearer understanding of the roles of ontology, epistemology and methodology in design research and this clarification enabled the construction of a post-positivist approach to engineering design theory that better includes social, environmental and ethical factors alongside the existing products of scientific engineering design research. Other contributions to knowledge that emerged from the research process and which underpin the conclusions include; clarification of the terminology and basic concepts of design research and engineering design research, historical reviews of ways that the terms ‘design’ and ‘design process’ have been used in the literature of engineering design research and design research in the period 1962–1995, clarification of the role of disciplinary structure in the development of coherent design theories, the development of conceptual tools and...
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...‘Despite the growing popularity of talent management and over a decade of debate and hype, the concept of talent management remains unclear’ (Collings and Mellahi, 2009) This assignment will explore this statement by conducting a literature review of the current commentary on the definition of ‘talent management’. Furthermore the impact any lack of clarity around the concept of talent management may have on the national and international markets which organisations source ‘talent’ from and any impact of Human Resource Management practices in terms of employee retention and exit strategies being managed fairly and ethically will also be looked at. After careful analysis of the academic literature on talent management and what it actually is, it becomes apparent that there is a ‘fundamental lack of consensus’ about the definition of talent management. Despite various attempts of countless academics to define and describe the concept of talent management, there doesn’t seem to be any consensus on what exactly TM entails. Before looking at the concept of ‘talent management’ as a whole, one must look at the definition of ‘talent’ first to gain a better insight into this confusion and lack of clarity. Here are some examples of some definitions that have been put forward in recent years: * ‘Talent’ is essentially a euphemism for ‘people’ (Lewis and Heckman, 2006:141) * The best and the brightest (McKinsey in Beechler and Woodward, 2009:274) * ‘Talent consists of those...
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...issues involved in constructing coherent design theory. The research investigations led to a clearer understanding of the roles of ontology, epistemology and methodology in design research and this clarification enabled the construction of a post-positivist approach to engineering design theory that better includes social, environmental and ethical factors alongside the existing products of scientific engineering design research. Other contributions to knowledge that emerged from the research process and which underpin the conclusions include; clarification of the terminology and basic concepts of design research and engineering design research, historical reviews of ways that the terms ‘design’ and ‘design process’ have been used in the literature of engineering design research and design research in the period 1962–1995, clarification of the role of disciplinary structure in the development of coherent design theories, the development of conceptual tools and...
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...the last decade. From their reading, the author has detected the lack of a desirable largely accepted consensus on what constitutes Reverse Logistics, either on what the range of activities should be included within its scope or how to denominate each of its options in a not fuzzy way. The clarification of the concept matters for several reasons. On the one hand, most of the so called, environmental regulations -which have been passed in a growing manner, in recent years and in many parts of the world- usually mention some objectives to be reached in certain periods of time, in relation to some of the Reverse Logistics activities (being perhaps the most common one, recycling targets). Given that not only consumers, but also both companies and municipalities are committed with these goals, it would be handy and desirable to have a clear idea of what is meant by each denomination and the implications that each one may have. On the other hand, having a definite guideline of this conceptual framework would allow for some comparative studies about the different levels of implementation within the members of the chain or between different channels, being more accurate and reliable. On the previous literature review basis, the paper concludes by providing a reasoned characterization of this new part of the Logistics. Key words: Reverse Logistics, Review of literature, Concept proposal 1. INTRODUCTION. Reverse Logistics is an issue that has received growing attention, above all...
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...Review of What Is Strategy Introduction The article---‘What is strategy’ is mainly concerned with exploring the definition of the strategy by distinguishing ‘operational effectiveness’ from ‘strategy’. To explore the real meaning of strategy, the author defines this term from three different perspectives: strategic position, trade-offs and fit. Main part Understanding of the article Some concepts of this article are based on theoretical foundations. Firstly, operational effectiveness is based on the Five Forces Frame Work (Porter, 2008), as its definition ‘performing similar activities better than rivals perform them’ (Porter, 1996) links with external environment, especially for the competitors. Another concept ‘strategic position’, performing different activities from rivals’ or performing similar activities in different ways (Porter, 1996), is related to RBV (Barney, 1991), because both them emphasize on the distinctiveness and uniqueness. The other two concepts ‘trade-offs’ and ‘fit’ are based on VRIO criteria (Barney, 2007), which is the basis of the company to generate sustained competitive advantage. The V of VOIR, value, is consistent with ‘trade-offs’, as they indicate that company should decide what to do and not to do. The ‘fit’ is line with the ‘I-inimitability’, since both of them stress that interlinkages among corporate activities makes difficult for organization to imitate. Wider context of strategy theory Besides, this article could also be...
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...Resource Management Student Name: Katie Greene - 08541876 Question: When work-place bullying takes place in an organization, it is because leadership and management of the organization allow it to happen. Do you agree? Introduction Bullying in the workplace has been defined as “harassing, offending, socially excluding someone or negatively affecting someone’s work tasks...repeatedly and regularly,” (Einarsen, 2003). By this we understand that bullying is a process that stems from a series of actions foregone. The forms of bullying which take place in an organisation are vast and range from verbal abuse to violence to sexual discrimination and harassment. While occurrences of bullying arise because management allow them to, literature suggests that there are various other factors which lead to it. The following sections attempt to explore these determinants. There is much evidence to suggest that workplace bullying is encouraged by management (O’Connell et al, 2007) and other evidence that suggests the opposite view (Einsaren, 2003). I will determine that one of the main responsibilities lies with management, but that other factors such as personalities, workplace ethic, policies, working culture, organizational behaviour and industrial nature have their own roles to play. Through my research I established that a knock-on effect exists within the concepts produced in the literature. We must firstly look at definitions of bullying and conflict to establish why it occurs...
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...growth processes are characterized by a deep interrelationship amongst the processes of internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship; processes which have tended to be examined independently in distinct bodies of literature. In practice strategic decisions concern each of these processes and address issues such as organizational boundaries, location of the operational activities, what activities to focus on and selection of value partners. The business model by which firms operate needs also to accommodate the spatial dimensions indicated by globalization; and the emergence of global technology markets. Little is known to date about the extent to which business models accommodate or are adapted to internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship. This paper presents a review of the business model literature from which a generic business model framework is derived, identifying and introducing the main elements of these A. Onetti (&) Faculty of Economics, University of Insubria, Via Monte Generoso 71, 21100 Varese, Italy e-mail: alberto.onetti@uninsubria.it A. Zucchella Faculty of Economics, University of Pavia, Via San Felice 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy e-mail: antonella.zucchella@unipv.it M. V. Jones Business School, Department of Management, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12...
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...UNIVERSITY Does moral leadership matter? MBA412-Fall, 2014 BIBHU DASH 2014 Contemporary Business Perspective and Leadership Skills Table of Contents Page # 1. Introduction 2. Basic concepts and analysis of Moral and Ethical Leadership 3. Definition of Concepts a. Defining Leadership b. Defining Moral Leadership 4. Current State of Knowledge a. Literature Review 5. Argument Map 6. Assumptions and Point of View by Stakeholders 7. Evaluation of Argument a. Wheel Of Critical Thinking b. Universal Intellectual standards Evaluation 8. Key Take-Away 9. Plan to enhance Moral leadership skills a. Plan Table 10. Bibliography 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 1 Introduction Does moral leadership matter? In my opinion, yes it really does matter. Even if for high organization performance the leadership has to focus on high shareholder returns, but it should not solely focus on returns by compromising boundaries of morality. In this paper we will discuss whether moral leadership is crucial for an organization to be successful. First, we will define what moral leadership is and will discuss what are the standards of morality that needs to be maintained in a high performing organization. Then we will discuss whether the moral standards will be same for both personal and organization or they will be different. Then we will talk about the current state of knowledge of this topic and the implications and recommendations that we have found from our literature review. We will...
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...GERMAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO - MARKETING DEPARTMENT Antecedents To Consumerism The Role Of Marketing By Nabila Youssri El-Assar 22-3384 To Dr. Noha El-Bassiouny On 10/12/2012 1 Literature Review Outline 1. Introduction 2. Consumerism in perspective 2.1. Definitions 2.1.1. First stream of thought: Benign Definitions 2.1.1.1. 2.1.1.2. 2.1.1.3. First definition: Manipulative Techniques Second definition: Customer is King Third definition: Globalization 2.1.2. Second stream of thought: Destructive Definition 2.1.2.1. Evolution Of The Consumer Culture 2.2. Implications Of The Benign Consumerism Definitions On Marketing Strategy 3. The Consumer Culture And The Consumption Society 3.1. Distinguishing Definition 3.2. Conditions For A Consumption Society 3.3. Unhealthy Pillars/Consequences Of The Consumption Society 3.3.1. Materialism 3.3.2. Compensatory consumption: The "Shopaholic" Phenomenon 3.3.3. I Shop Therefore I Am 3.3.4. Living Beyond Your Means 4. Antecedents To The Unhealthy Consumption Pillars 4.1. Intrinsic/Personal Influences 4.1.1. Personality Characteristics: 4.1.1.1. 4.1.1.2. 4.1.1.3. Self-Monitoring Personality Trait Innovativeness, Fashion Orientation And Opinion Leadership Ethical orientation 4.1.2. Psychological characteristics 4.1.2.1. 4.1.2.2. 4.1.2.3. 4.1.2.4. Co-morbidity and the Joint cycle of compulsive consumption Obsessive thoughts and Risk Taking Propensity Low self esteem Dealing with Negative Emotions and life challenges 4.2. Societal...
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...Report and Business Report A report is an impersonal presentation of facts. The main purpose of writing a report is to present some important information impersonally. It performs many functions; analyzing facts, informing and recommending suggestions, helping making decisions and so on. Business executives can't give much attention to any particular problem or issue. So, they are to depend on business report. A business report may be defined as an organized statement of facts or events or any situation relating to business or commercial interests prepared after an investigation and presented to the interested persons with or without recommendations. It facilitates the evaluation of progress and decision making process for business purpose. A business report is usually a type of upward communication in which communication process starts from lower level to upper level i.e. An employee makes a report and submits to related upper person to make usage of it. Such communication is basically authoritative and the level of authority depends on the subject and usage of a business report. Different famous authors have defined business report in the following way: Lesikar and Petit: "A business report is an orderly, objective communication of factual information that serves some business purposes." Bettly and Kay: "A business report is a written message presenting information that will help a decision maker to solve a business problem." Louise E. Boone: "A business report is a document...
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...Journal of Medical Ethics 2001;27:98–103 What makes a problem an ethical problem? An empirical perspective on the nature of ethical problems in general practice Annette Joy Braunack-Mayer University of Adelaide, Australia Abstract Whilst there has been considerable debate about the fit between moral theory and moral reasoning in everyday life, the way in which moral problems are defined has rarely been questioned. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with 15 general practitioners (GPs) in South Australia to argue that the way in which the bioethics literature defines an ethical dilemma captures only some of the range of lay views about the nature of ethical problems. The bioethics literature has defined ethical dilemmas in terms of conflict and choice between values, beliefs and options for action. While some of the views of some of the GPs in this study about the nature of their ethical dilemmas certainly accorded with this definition, other explanations of the ethical nature of their problems revolved around the publicity associated with the issues they were discussing, concern about their relationships with patients, and anxiety about threats to their integrity and reputation. The variety of views about what makes a problem a moral problem indicates that the moral domain is perhaps wider and richer than mainstream bioethics would generally allow. (Journal of Medical Ethics 2001;27:98–103) Keywords: Empirical ethics; general...
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...The Strategy Concept I: Five Ps for Strategy* Human nature insists on a definition for every concept. The field of strategic management cannot afford to rely on a single definition of strategy, indeed the word has long been used implicitly in different ways even if it has traditionally been defined formally in only one. Explicit recognition of multiple definitions can help practitioners and researchers alike to maneuver through this difficult field. Accordingly, this article presents five definitions of strategy-as plan, ploy, pattern, position, and perspective-and considers some of their interrelationships. To almost anyone you care to ask, strategy is a plan-some sort of consciously intended course of action, a guideline (or set of guidelines) to deal with a situation. A kid has a "strategy" to get over a fence, a corporation has one to capture a market. By this definition, strategies have two essential characteristics: they are made in advance of the actions to which they apply, and they are developed consciously and purposefully. (They may, in addition, be stated explicitly, sometimes in formal documents known as "plans," although it need not be taken here as a necessary condition for "strategy as plan.") To Drucker, strategy is "purposeful action"', to Moore "design for action," in essence, "conception preceding actionn2 A host of definitions in a variety of fields reinforce this view. For example: in the military: Strategy is concerned with "draft[ing] the plan of war...
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...and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigiNole Commons. For more information, please contact lib-ir@fsu.edu. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A CASE STUDY By BROOKE E. FORESTER A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Sport Management, Recreation Management, and Physical Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2009 i The members of the Committee approved the Dissertation of Brooke Ellen Forester defended on February 5, 2009. ________________________ Michael Mondello Professor Co-Directing Dissertation ________________________ R. Aubrey Kent Professor Co-Directing Dissertation ________________________ Robert Brymer Outside Committee Member ________________________ Andy Rudd Committee Member Approved: _________________________________________________________________ Cheryl Beeler, Chairperson, Department of Sport Management, Recreation Management, and Physical Education The Graduate School has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are so many who have helped me during this...
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...International Journal of Management Reviews (2007) doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00215.x XXXX utilitarian, ORIGINAL XXX International Publishing Management theories IJMR 2007managerial and relational Reviews of corporate social responsibility © Blackwell Journal of Ltd 2007 1460-8545 Oxford, UK ARTICLES Blackwell Publishing Ltd Utilitarian, managerial and relational theories of corporate social responsibility Davide Secchi Concepts and theories of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been examined and classified by scholars since the mid-1970s. However, owing to the evolving meaning of CSR and the huge number of scholars who have begun to analyze the issue in recent years fresh efforts are needed to understand new developments. Since there is a great heterogeneity of theories and approaches, the task remains a very hard one, mainly because heterogeneity derives from multi-disciplinary diversity. The criterion for selection is to consider the role that theorists confer to the firm. Following this idea, three groups of theories have been discerned: (1) the utilitarian group, in which the corporation is intended as a maximizing ‘black box’ where problems of externalities and social costs emerge; (2) the managerial category, where problems of responsibility are approached from inside the firm (internal perspective); (3) relational theories, or those in which the type of relations between the firm and the environment are at the center of the analysis. The three perspectives...
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...Studies (2006) 37, 525–543 & 2006 Academy of International Business All rights reserved 0047-2506 $30.00 www.jibs.net Cross-cultural competence in international business: toward a definition and a model James P. Johnson1, Tomasz Lenartowicz2 and Salvador Apud3 Crummer Graduate School of Business, Rollins College, Winter Park, USA; 2Deparment of Management, International Business and Entrepreneurship, College of Business, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA; 3LBJ School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas, Austin, USA Correspondence: Dr James P. Johnson, Crummer Graduate School of Business, Rollins College, Office number 204, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA. Tel: þ 1 407 646 2486; Fax: þ 1 407 646 1550; E-mail: jpjohnson@rollins.edu 1 Abstract Many international business failures have been ascribed to a lack of crosscultural competence (CC) on the part of business practitioners. However, the international business literature appears to lack an adequate conceptualization and definition of the term ‘CC’, focusing instead on the knowledge, skills and attributes that appear to be its antecedents. In this conceptual study, we propose a definition of CC as it applies to international business and develop a model for understanding how CC is nurtured in individuals, linking our definition to the concept of cultural intelligence. We discuss the components of the model and suggest that there are environmental and contextual impediments to the effective application of the...
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