...Anticommunism and McCarthyism Victor Cenales HIS/145 January 14, 2012 Timothy Heyburn Anticommunism and McCarthyism During the late 1940s and early 1950s, a struggle broke out between the Unite States and the Soviet Union in what was known as the Cold War. The west was concerned with anti-Communism becoming a part of its domestic politics. It had become an obsession of most conservative politicians to expose what they call Communist subversion and at the same time dealt a blow to the liberal causes. The interest of the Soviet Union was in the control of strategic interest. In addition the Soviet Union was determined to create a secure sphere for itself in Central and Eastern Europe as protection against possible future aggression from the West (Brinkley Ch. 29). These different views were the bases for the Cold War. Not only did the cold war have international consequences but also create a division within the United States. Since Communism was a major concern, the spread of anti-Communism was introduced as a way to protect the fundamental way Americans lived. In addition anti-Communism gave birth to McCarthyism. I will discuss the differences between anticommunism and McCarthyism, the perspective from which the media covered anticommunism and McCarthyism, how the American foreign policy decisions were affected or impacted by anticommunism and finally how Americans’ lives changed because of the Red Scare. To gain a clear understanding of the...
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...general are scared of what they don't know. That is exactly what Joseph McCarthy did to so many people. As a result McCarthyism created the Red Scare by making accusations against people for being Communist. McCarthy claimed to have 57 cases of individuals who could have been members of the Communist Party. In (Document 1) he says “I have in my hand 57 cases of individuals who would appear to be either card carrying members or certainly loyal to the Communist Party, but who nevertheless are still helping to shape our foreign policy.” Even though he said he had proof, he would never show anyone that proof which would have justified the accused of being scared. This occurred during times when the US and Soviet Union were teasing each other with nuclear war, also known as The Cold War. After McCarthy accused everyone of these charges things starts to get out of control. The HUAC gets established to investigate un-american activities going on, and their first investigation was on the movie industry. This led to the creation of which became to be known as the “Hollywood Ten”. They...
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...working to politicize or publicize an idea or belief, the movement is not necessarily equivalent to, or perhaps even relevant to, the idea that underlies the movement. Much of this is true with the frequently overlooked distinction between McCarthyism and the more general anticommunism. Properly defined, anticommunism is an ideology that holds that communism is morally and politically wrong. Regardless of whether the communist regime is legitimate or not according to the standards of Western democracy, the anti-communist believes that government is fundamentally wrong and should not exist. Because anticommunism is an ideology (that is, is based on an idea), any person regardless of country or place in government, can be an anti-communist by virtue of the fact that an anti-communist is, by definition, nothing more than a person ideologically opposed to the idea of communism. Being opposed does not specify any action on the part of the person, however. In other words, being anti-communist does not mean a person will participate in marches against communism or boo communists in public debate. Simply put, anticommunism is a structure of ideas, not behavior, and does not contain elements of action, behavior, or demonstration. In contrast, McCarthyism was a particular political movement in the United States at a particular period. Joseph McCarthy, the notorious Senator from the state of Wisconsin, ascribed to a particular form of anticommunism that drove him to actively pursue and extricate...
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...and Asia with America growing globally in the economic Reconstruction 2}. The containment and Truman doctrine played the role President Roosevelt thought America should remain friendly with the Soviet Union after WW II. This only seemed that the two most powerful nations would at some point have a conflict 3}. That confrontation began during the cold war in the Middle East. You see after WW II ended Soviets began taking over parts of Northern Iran, with plans of bullying the country into letting them into their oil fields 4}. In 1946, American diplomat George Kennan informed the Truman administration that you can’t deal with the Soviet government in a normal way, Kennan felt the Russians couldn’t be moved from controlling eastern Europe 5}. In his message that would become known as the containment, which the U.S said they would prevent anymore expansion of power in the Soviet Union. With the Truman doctrine and America convinced, that Stalin couldn’t be trusted, America took full responsibility of providing leadership to the rest of the world. With this Truman put the policy of containment into effect. He rolled out the heaviest weapons in the arsenal in the defense of the world; the US had the responsibility of supporting “freedom loving people “when threatened by communism 6}. The Truman doctrine talked to Americans in a language, they understood as post-war world. Truman was successful in...
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...side and Soviet Union on the other, but once the war ended any hopes of more permanent cooperation faded quickly. If 1945 Yalta conference had closed on an optimistic note, then Potsdam meeting a few months later already ended in disappointment, as it became clear that former allies had very different views of what would constitute a fair post-war settlement and balance of powers. Less than a year later, on March 5, 1946 Churchill gave his famous “Sinews of Peace” address...
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...time everything unknown was explained by religion. The people said it was witchcraft because they did not have the knowledge that making a deal with devil was not possible. If this were to happen today, everyone would laugh at the accuser because we know witchcraft is not a thing. It would not have the same effect as it did in Salem because religion is not a major part of life for everyone as it was for the people in Salem. In Salem, the “New England Way” meant all work, no play. Part of the reason the witch hunt went crazy is because the strange activity could not be explained because they were so used to work and not fooling around. When the people saw this they could only point to...
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...Bill of Rights Paper May 7, 2012 Week 3 History 301 / United States Constitution Joseph Richardson As Americans we are given certain “freedoms” that other countries are not entitled to have. In 1787 the United States Constitution went to effect and included the Bill of Rights that provides us with our freedoms. Each of these amendments is very important to the way we live in today’s society and play an important role in our lives. The Constitution and the Bill of Rights is the foundation for our country and the Amendments it includes gives our citizens their individual rights. The Constitution is what separates us from any other country. Certain Amendments were able to pave the way for all groups of individuals to have equal rights. The Constitution is a living document and was created that way to keep growing and changing to evolve with the American people. Our founding fathers understood that times would change the United States would grow and have different issues then our forefathers had. Because they understood this when they created the Constitution of the United States which included article V. Article V of the United States Constitution states that whenever two thirds of both houses decides an amendment is necessary they can propose it. A proposed amendment becomes part of the Constitution after it is ratified by three fourths of the 50 states. An amendment means a change, addition, correction or alteration to the current Constitution. The reason our Constitution...
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...Drama is created by placing ordinary people in situations of crisis or conflict Explore some dramatic techniques used to create drama in the crucible In his play, The Crucible, Arthur miller presents an allegory for McCarthyism through the use of the Salem With trials of 1692. In the crucible, miller uses many techniques to create drama to influence the decisions of the ordinary townsfolk. Drama is created by placing key protagonists in situations of conflict. The intolerance of puritan society towards new or different practices is one of the ways that miller creates drama. Another factor is the maintenance of personal reputation and the consequences of conflict upon this status. By manipulating ordinary people, hysteria also creates a large sum of drama. Through an analysis of Intolerance, reputation and hysteria, this essay will explore how conflict creates drama. In a puritan society, not meeting the social norms was seen as treason and heavily persecuted. This lead to an intolerance of anyone who did not worship god, and dissent lead to beliefs of Satanic activity. Judge Danforth quotes in act three page 85 "You are either with the court or against it". Miller uses tone to foreshadow what is yet to come in the the text. The tone of this sentence shows that the witch trials are the ultimate form of intolerance and hanging...
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...order to take part in civic life, as a future citizen. The ASEAN the Association of American Colleges and Universities states that a liberal education is that which liberates the mind from ignorance and cultivate social responsibility. Liberal education, unlike vocation is not to train, but to change people. Liberal education allows the student to learn how to think rather than what to think, to have a philosophical understanding wanting to question the reason of being and teaching. A liberal educated person is one that can think outside the box and question the norms of nature. They are free-thinkers.Failure in the closing of the American mind is the failure to have a basic principle of ideas and classic works that contributes to literature, politics etc to educate men, women and society as a whole which become familiar and encourages to seek a greater knowledge of information with the conviction that is set by our university. We no longer seek the knowledge, which aids in our continuous downfall to our liberal education. Before we get into the roaring 60s, we must first look past and analyze what impact the fifties has on American Liberal Education...
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...Going To War Com/156 Going To War In today’s world there are many wars and rumors of wars. No matter where we turn we are hearing about one conflict or another. Often it make one wonder has there ever been peace in the world. Looking back on history our world has constantly moved from one war to the next. Trying to understand why it is that mankind feels the need to fight one another is not simple to answer. Many reasons have been given as to why war are started everything from religion, expansionism, ethnic cleansing and even in the name of peace itself. No matter what the reason is that people claim to be fighting for when you get down to the basic of it all. In the end people go to war for power and control, even when the purpose or perception to do so suggests otherwise. To better understand the reason wars are started we need first talk about why people go to war. Matthew O. Jackson and Massimo Morelli wrote (when researching for the book “The Handbook on the Political Economy of War.”) a list of the reason why people go to war. They included the following: religion, revenge, ethnic cleansing and other ideological mass killings, asymmetric information, bargaining failures, first strike advantages and preemptive war. (2009, The Reasons for Wars – an Updated Survey). As complete as this list was I found that often the reason for war was not simply one of the above topics. Often those declaring the wars would use multiple reasons as for the need. This often...
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...The Boogeyman Coming to America Stephen King, a well-known horror novelist, has brought fear into the minds and hearts of many through his gruesome tales and horrific imagery. He makes us look twice before we turn the lights off at night. But what makes a whole society become scared? Well on two occasions, there were situations in which the society of the United States fell victim to fear. This fear brought two separate movements to try and keep the “Boogeyman” from trying to get into the United States. These movements were both commonly known as the Red Scare. This scare was willing to take anyone as it’s victim. Celebrities, politicians, or common Americans were all vulnerable to this phenomena that brought forth a Salem Witch Trial type of environment. The government of the United States of America tried to take many precautions, whether it was a success or failure, to try and prevent the spread of Communism in a country that is considered the greatest country on the Earth. Whenever there is a moment in history that brings on a mass hysteria, it shows what kind of people are really out there lurking around. This moment in history illustrates what happens during hysteria and what it makes people do in a time in which a common fear is shared amongst individuals of a society. “The scariest moment is always just before you start.” - Stephen King (269) This quote illustrates the moment in time just before the second Red Scare. Unlike the first Red Scare, this Red...
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...RAY DOUGLAS BRADBURY He was an American novelist, short-story writer, essayist, playwright, screenwriter, and poet. Although the genre of many of Ray Bradbury’s stories is fiction, he rejected being categorized as a science fiction author, claiming that the only story he has ever written that is a science fiction story is Fahrenheit 451. BIOGRAPHY Ray Douglas Bradbury was born on August 22, 1920, in Waukegan, Illinois. He enjoyed a relatively idyllic childhood in Waukegan, which he later incorporated into several semi-autobiographical novels and short stories. Bradbury's life revolved around magic, magicians, circuses, and other such fantasies. He decided to become a writer at about age 12 or 13. He later said that he made this decision to "live forever" through his fiction. His first official pay as a writer came for contributing a joke to George Burns's Burns & Allen Show. In 1937, he became a member of the Los Angeles Science Fiction League, whose help enabled him to publish four issues of his own science-fiction fan magazine, or "fanzine," Futuria Fantasia. He graduated from a Los Angeles high school in 1938. His formal education ended there because they had no money to send him to college due to the Depression. However, he became a "student of life," selling newspapers on L.A. street corners from 1938 to 1942. He published his first short story in a fan magazine in 1938. Bradbury says that he learned to write by recalling his own experiences. Many...
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...American History Post Civil War Test 2 Growth Of Education In The United States In Nineteen Century Education in the United States has faced great changes toward development in the past hundreds of years. A society that was coming to depend increasingly on specialized skills and scientific knowledge was, of course a society with a high demand for education. The late nineteenth century, therefore, was a time of rapid expansion and reform of American school and universities. One example was the spread of free public primary and secondary education. In 1860, there were only 100 public high schools in the entire United States. By 1900, the number had reached 6,000, and by 1914 over 12,000. By 1900, compulsory school attendance laws were in effect in thirty-one states and territories. But education was still far from universal. Rural areas lagged far behind urban-industrial ones in funding public education. Also, in the south, many blacks had access to no schools at all. The post-Civil War era saw, too, an important expansion of educational opportunities for women. In the years after the war, many of the land-grant colleges and universities in the Midwest and such private universities as Cornell and Wesleyan began to admit women along with men. The female college was part of an important phenomenon in the history of modern American women; likewise, the anthropologists, sought to provide educational opportunities for the Indian tribes as well, in an effort to “civilize” them...
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...The durability of a genre is conditional on the reciprocity between tradition and innovation. Genres and texts exist in a mutually-influential relationship. Though it is genres that serve to categorise and classify texts, it is the texts themselves that characterise and modify their genre. Crime fiction can be recognised as texts that encircle criminal activity and the motives surrounding it. In order to accommodate contemporary audiences, composers can playfully rework and innovate the conventions of crime fiction. This subversion can be achieved by encompassing relevant contextual issues. However, crime fiction texts must still incorporate traditional elements to preserve their core appeal. This delicate balancing act between tradition and innovation is shown through P.D. James’ novel The Skull Beneath the Skin (1982) and Tom Stoppard’s play The Real Inspector Hound (1968) when viewed alongside Edgar Allan Poe’s The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) and Raymond Chandler’s Farewell, My Lovely (1940). Ultimately though, it is the ability of genre to evolve through subversion whilst retaining its inherent traditional features that ensures its durability. The ever-changing nature of society and context results in the innovation of genre. In The Skull Beneath the Skin, P.D. James subverts Poe’s original detective prototype, presented in the character of Cordelia Gray. Traditional detectives were equipped with exceptional intellect, and often portrayed as powerful, almost surreal...
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...Unit 2 Assignment Jerry Coleman LS305 Constitutional Law Prof. Judge J. Kent Kaplan University January 10, 2014 FREEDOM OF SPEECH FIRST AMENDMENT PROTECTIONS BY JERRY COLEMAN JANUARY 10, 2014 INDEX 1. COVER PAGE 2. TITLE PAGE 3. INDEX 4. PURPOSE 5. THEORY 6. FREEDOM OF SPEECH: UNALIENABLE RIGHT? 7. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 8. CASE LAW 9. CURRENT LEGISLATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE FIRST AMENDMENT 10. CONCLUSION’ 11. REFERENCES PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to examine, limitedly, the incursion, by Congressional Acts, Judicial Interpretation via case law, and Executive Order of the First Amendment Protections of Free Speech of The Constitution of The United States. THEORY The Bill of Rights are the Foundation of the UNALIENABLE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE, in theory and original intent of the Framers, which neither the Federal Government nor the States may repose from the People. Neither shall the Judiciary. However, given to logical consideration, as applied by the Marshall Court, the Courts have Judicial Review Authority, rendering them, if not the best locale, definitely the most appropriate, for interpretation of the Rights thusly enumerated in The Constitution’s Bill of Rights (Amendments One thru Ten, specifically One thru Eight). However, it must needs be stated that Judicial Review has thusly proven that interpretation can devolve, on occasion, upon the whims, or personal considerations of some Justices...
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