...This page intentionally left blank R E V I S E D T H I R T E E N T H E D I T I O N AN INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT SCIENCE QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING David R. Anderson University of Cincinnati Dennis J. Sweeney University of Cincinnati Thomas A. Williams Rochester Institute of Technology Jeffrey D. Camm University of Cincinnati Kipp Martin University of Chicago Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making, Revised Thirteenth Edition David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams, Jeffrey D. Camm, & Kipp Martin VP/Editorial Director: Jack W. Calhoun Publisher: Joe Sabatino Senior Acquisitions Editor: Charles McCormick, Jr. Developmental Editor: Maggie Kubale Editorial Assistant:...
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...A Systems Analysis of Plastic Debris in the Pacific Ocean Course: Integrated Environmental Systems Instructor: Steven Arnold Fall Quarter University of Denver By: Cletus Achibonga November 7, 2012 Table of content Title 1 Abstract 4 Introduction 5 1.1 Scope 5 1.2 Background 5 Animal and plant deaths 8 2.1 Birds 8 2.2 Mammals and other animals 10 2.3 Plants and plant food 11 Environmental impacts 12 3.1 Physical impacts 13 3.2 Chemical impacts 14 3.3 Biological impacts 14 3.4 Human impacts 15 3.5 Economic impacts 16 Societal Responds 17 Conclusion and Recommendation 20 References: 21 List of figures Figure 1: A pack of plastics at the shores of Kamilo Beach, Island of Hawaii 8 Figure 2: Bird corpse with ingested plastic 10 Figure 3: Seal entangled in fishing nets and lines 11 Figure 4: DPSIR model analysis of the pacific gyre 18 Abstract The pacific patch is the most devastating problem of our generation yet there is little public knowledge about the nature and severity of the situation. There is also little to no awareness as to the way we humans either intentionally or unintentionally contribute to the worsening situation in our water bodies. This study used the DPSIR model in analyzing the problem of the pacific gyre from a systems perspective. It focused on the impacts of the pacific gyre on the environment, plants, animals as well as the ecosystem...
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...Chapter 5: Sustainable Product and process Development Consumer demand for sustainable Products Consumers are increasingly demanding sustainable products not only in the US but in other worldwide markets. In surveys of nine countries and interviews in seven Chinese cities, consumers were increasing their purchases of green products particularly if they were considered to be of higher quality. Additionally, the majority of these consumers want producers to provide full transparency, good environmental records, clarity on product risks and safety, information on environmental impact, high ethical standards, and fair employee treatment. The study also reported that executives at twenty leading consumer products companies agreed that the offering differentiated green products not only brought down the costs of their value chains but provided additional margins and market share particularly helpful with the current economic conditions and competitive markets. Green, ethical, and sustainable products present huge opportunities to innovative companies particularly those in the consumer categories of paper and packaged products, disposable home products, fresh meat and vegetables, and electronics and appliances. Other important growth categories include building products, sustainable energy production products, and energy and resource reduction technologies. Ingestible products such as food and beverages lead the pack in sustainable product category growth particularly because...
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...Bay Although the fishing industry has long been associated with the contribution of marine pollution little work has been done on the effects on the industry itself of marine debris and other pollution. The fishing industry is responsible for discarded nets, hooks, fishing poles, and many times sunken boats, among other gear. In many circumstances this is not the intended plan when going fishing to catch their paychecks. In fact the fishing industry pays a high price for these losses from the time they have to replace their nets to the pulling of old nets and trash out of their new nets on a regular basis. When questioned about the effects of marine debris on their fishing activities, Shetland fishermen responded that 92% had recurring problems with accumulated debris in nets, 69% had had their catch contaminated by debris and 92% had snagged their nets on debris on the seabed. Many also experienced fouled propellers and blocked intake pipes. On average, 1-2 hours per week were spent clearing debris from nets. Debris could cause a restricted catch and many boats avoided particular fishing areas altogether due to the high concentrations of debris. It has gotten to the point for many fishers that they can no longer fish certain areas known to be well stocked with money fish due to the time consuming issues with trash and fishing debris in those specific waters due to left behind gear. Ultimately their carelessness or specifically their loss of equipment into their own favorite...
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...rs/Aboutus/Production/Experiencetheproduct/ http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/leadership.html http://www.cokecce.com/ http://www.gbchealth.org/member_profiles/coca-cola_company/ http://www.championvending.com/finallists/fullproductlist.pdf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JE93ncug6bw https://www.google.com.vn/search?q=coca+cola+process+production&hl=vi&noj=1&site=webhp&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=JUt0UIYbiY6ZBa3ogYAH&ved=0CD0QsAQ&biw=1024&bih=475&sei=Mkt0UJvuFqrmmAXl44DoBg BACKGROUND The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) is an American multinational beverage corporation and manufacturer, retailer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups.[2] The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia.[3] The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers more than 500 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves over 1.7 billion servings each day.[4] The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to variousbottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory. The Coca-Cola Company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola Refreshments. The company is...
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...the power of business to create profitable solutions to environment and development challenges. BELL, a project of SEP, is focused on working with managers and academics to make companies more competitive by approaching social and environmental challenges as unmet market needs that provide business growth opportunities through entrepreneurship, innovation, and organizational change. Permission to reprint this case is available at the BELL case store. Additional information on the Case Series, BELL, and WRI is available at: www.BELLinnovation.org. IKEA AND THE NATURAL STEP In September 1995, Jan Kjellman took over as president of IKEA North America, the U.S. and Canadian subsidiary of the Swedish furniture giant. At IKEA s headquarters outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Kjellman sat at his desk, located in an open, brightly sunlit bay. His assistant, also the service center office manager, sat at a nearby desk a few feet away. Co-workers walked through one side of the bay, heading for the coffee room. On the landing below the president s office was a pedestal bearing a large gray rock. It was from the rocky and poor land in ˜lmhult, a small village in the province of Sm land, Sweden, where IKEA s founder was born and where the design and production core of IKEA s business was still located. Kjellman pondered the success of his predecessor, Gor n Carstedt, who had moved back to Sweden to take responsibility for worldwide marketing and the European retail stores....
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...Stem cells: What they are and what they do Researchers believe stem cells offer great promise for new medical treatments. Learn about stem cell types, current and possible uses, ethical issues and the state of research. By Mayo Clinic staff You've heard about stem cells in the news, and perhaps you've wondered if they might help you or a loved one with a serious disease. You may wonder what stem cells are, how they're being used to treat disease and injury, and why they're the subject of such vigorous debate. Here are some answers to frequently asked questions about stem cells. Why is there such an interest in stem cells? Researchers hope stem cell studies can help to: * Increase understanding of how diseases occur. By watching stem cells mature into cells that eventually become bones, heart muscle, nerve cells, and other organs and tissue, researchers and doctors may better understand how a variety of diseases and conditions develop. * Generate healthy cells to replace diseased cells (regenerative medicine). Researchers hope they can train stem cells into becoming specific cells so that those specialized cells can be used to regenerate and repair diseased or damaged tissues in people. People who might benefit from stem cell therapies include those with spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and multiple sclerosis. Stem cells could also be grown to become new...
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...Biotechnology Advances 26 (2008) 246 – 265 www.elsevier.com/locate/biotechadv Research review paper Biological degradation of plastics: A comprehensive review Aamer Ali Shah ⁎, Fariha Hasan, Abdul Hameed, Safia Ahmed Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Received 22 November 2007; received in revised form 31 December 2007; accepted 31 December 2007 Available online 26 January 2008 Abstract Lack of degradability and the closing of landfill sites as well as growing water and land pollution problems have led to concern about plastics. With the excessive use of plastics and increasing pressure being placed on capacities available for plastic waste disposal, the need for biodegradable plastics and biodegradation of plastic wastes has assumed increasing importance in the last few years. Awareness of the waste problem and its impact on the environment has awakened new interest in the area of degradable polymers. The interest in environmental issues is growing and there are increasing demands to develop material which do not burden the environment significantly. Biodegradation is necessary for water-soluble or water-immiscible polymers because they eventually enter streams which can neither be recycled nor incinerated. It is important to consider the microbial degradation of natural and synthetic polymers in order to understand what is necessary for biodegradation and the mechanisms involved. This requires understanding of the interactions between materials...
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...4 Chapter Four Clean Commerce SEEING OPPORTUNITIY THROUGH A SUSTAINABILITY LENS1 We believe that there’s a cure for resource waste that is profitable, creative, and practical. We must create a company that addresses the needs of society and the environment by developing a system of industrial production that decreases our costs and dramatically reduces the burdens placed upon living systems. Ray Anderson, Founder Interface, Inc. Greentech could be the largest economic opportunity of the 21st century. John Doerr Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield, and Byers Results Expected Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to 1. Discuss the pressures and demands in the marketplace that are driving opportunities for entrepreneurs with an eye toward sustainability. 2. Explain ways that entrepreneurial companies can gain competitive advantage by orienting products and processes that take environmental issues into account. 3. Describe the role that sustainability plays in building dynamic and profitable ventures. 4. Discuss the five facets of looking through a sustainability lens, and describe their impact on opportunity assessment, resources, and the team. 5. Provide insights into and analysis of the Jim Poss case study. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Clean Commerce Is an Opportunity Sea Change As noted by perhaps the most famous modern venture capitalist in the world, John Doerr, the clean commerce and sustainable enterprise movement is 1 one of the...
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...Agriculture, 2006). The total area of arable land is 377,300 hectares with 78% under cultivation. Water scarcity is the main limiting factor in Israeli agriculture and the country depends on irrigation to increase its crop yields; about 50% of the land is irrigated. Of the 1,129 million cubic meters (MCM) of water used by agriculture per year, some 30% of agricultural water is treated wastewater (TWW) for drip irrigation of orchards and non-food crops, while another 16% is saline water. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development’s is a key driver of plans supporting sustainable development and reducing environmental hazards stemming from agriculture, while on the other hand, positioning agriculture as an environmentally friendly solution for treated sewage. Along with other government bodies, the Ministry is dedicated to increasing the efficient use of water and treated wastewater and promoting water...
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...FINAL REPORT: The role of packaging in minimising food waste in the supply chain of the future Prepared for: CHEP Australia June 2013 Issue: Version: 3.0 3.0 Authors: Dr Karli Verghese Dr Helen Lewis Simon Lockrey Dr Helen Williams Executive summary CONTACT Centre for Design School of Architecture and Design RMIT University GPO Box 2476 Melbourne VIC 3001 Tel: + 61 (03) 9925 3484 Fax: + 61 (03) 9639 3412 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr Stephen Clune’s (RMIT) background work into food waste and input into project scope. The research team are also grateful to the stakeholders from the food and packaging supply chain who participated in the interviews. Final report: The role of packaging in minimising food waste in the supply chain of the future Version: 3 Page 1 Executive summary Table of Contents Research Partners ................................................................................................................................ 3 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 4 1 Introduction – the significance of food waste and the role of packaging ........................................ 6 1.1 Research aims and approach .................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Research method ..............................................................................................................
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...technological distractions that would have been unimaginable to the 20th-century. The goal of a good manager is to achieve excellent results through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (Jones and George, 2011). Managers are key elements as they are the ones who handle the most difficult company resource; people. An effective manager needs three kinds of skills, conceptual, human, and technical to help the organization perform more efficiently and effectively. All three skills can be learned by developing certain characteristics or personal traits. Traits such as having a clear vision, learning to delegate work, opening communication, spending time in developing skills, providing continuous feedback, rewarding employees, enjoying what you do, educating more, solid organizational skills, employing excellent ethics behavior, and being a great mentor and motivator. Along personal traits a manager needs to understand environmental factors that strongly influence modern organizations that are important to the company’s success. Parallel to these traits and environmental forces management’s approach has changed. Managers started with the scientific management approach now managers use the Market-Based Management Value Driven Management and Constraint Theory among different approaches. In my opinion, just as the 21st century has seen new types of organizations and new ways of doing business so there will be new management trends, ideas, and techniques. While implanting every...
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...over two and a half decades been renowned for supplying highquality outdoor clothing and equipment to discriminating enthusiasts. A stepchild of Chouinard Equipment, the leading US supplier of speciality climbing equipment in the early s, Patagonia remains privately held. It is a subsidiary of Lost Arrow Corporation, established in as the holding company for Patagonia, Patagonia Mail Order, Chouinard Equipment (now Black Diamond) and Great Pacific Iron Works. Patagonia sales in were US$ million, achieved with employees. Patagonia manages the research and development, design, manufacturing, merchandising and sales (retail, catalogue and web-based) of adult and children’s outdoor clothing, hardgoods such as packs and travel bags, and, more recently (following founder Yvon Chouinard’s long-standing philosophy that, if you can’t find a good one, make it) surf boards! The heart of Patagonia’s success lies in relentless technical innovation that produces a continuous stream of products good enough to meet the tough and © 1999 Greenleaf Publishing Ltd > a. Corporate overview 2 mapping the journey continually rising expectations of the most avid experts in a multitude of highintensity sports: mountaineering, rock and ice climbing, surfing, skiing, snowboarding, kayaking, biking, sailing and fishing. The soul of Patagonia’s success lies in a deep, abiding commitment, at both an organisational and personal level, to preserving the diversity, ecological integrity...
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...P1: Describe how marketing techniques are used to market products in two organisations. In this unit I am going to pick two organisations and describe how marketing techniques are used to market products in these two organisations. The first organisation I am going to choose is Nike. Nike is an American multinational corporation that is involved in the design, development and worldwide marketing and selling of sporting equipments such as running shoes, tracksuits etc. Nike also sells accessories and unique footwear that attracts the eyes of so many people including celebrities. Nike has used various marketing techniques to get to the stage it’s at today and I am going to be describing what techniques it has used. My second organisation is apple. Apple is a Multinational Corporation that is known for the sales and design of computer electronics, computer software and personal computers. In recent years, apple came out with products such as I pads, I phones etc. These products became very popular in a short period of time thus giving apple an upper hand over its competitors. Marketing technique is the overall marketing plan that is designed to meet the needs and wants of customers. There are four main marketing techniques which are: Market penetration, market development, product development and Diversification. Market penetration: This is an activity that an organisation takes in order to increase the market share of an existing product or promoting a new product...
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...2.2 Definition of Business Ethics………….. .........................................................13 2.3 Definition of Environmental Ethics..….. .........................................................15 2.4 Conflict between Business and Environmental Ethics………………………..15 2.5 The Relationship between Business and Environmental Ethics…………….24 2.6 Benefits of Ethics for Business………………………………………………….25 2.7 Problems of Business Ethics……………………………………………………25 CHAPTER 3: SUPER CHEM COMPANY…............................................................27 3.1 Introduction to Super Chem……………………………...................................27 3.2 Product Ranges………………………………………………………………….27 3.3 Process Development Services……………………………………………......28 3.4 The Issues………………………………………………………………………..29 3.5 Possible Solution………………………………………………………………...29 3.6 The Pollution Cause by Super Chem………………………………………….30 3.6.1 Water Pollution…………………………………………………………..30 3.6.2 Air Pollution………………………………………………………….…...31 3.6.3 Sound Pollution………………………………………………………….33 3.7 The Solution Taken by Super Chem Company to Prevent or Avoid the Chemical Plant Pollution……………………………………………34 3.7.1 Prevention for Water Pollution………………………………………....34 3.7.2...
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