...Ingrid B. US History 114-602 Fall 2012 Bergen Community College THE PAUL ROBESON—JACKIE ROBINSON SAGA AND A POLITICAL COLLISION. By Ronald A. Smith Journal of Sport History, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Summer, 1979) P 5-27 Dr. Ronald A. Smith, a historian and Professor Emeritus at Penn State University analyzes Jackie Robinson's appearance, and impact before the House UN-American Activities Committee in light of anti-American messages made by the entertainer and former Rutgers University All-American football superstar Paul Robeson. Smith argues that for symbolical grounds, the federal government reached out to Jackie Robinson so he can assist in getting rid of Paul Robeson from his function as a black leader. Using a relative analysis of both Robinson and Robeson early lives, Author Ronald Smith affirms that they spearheaded change from different paths. Smith illustrates how Jackie Robinson was willing to cooperate with white society for the purpose of positive racial goals and Paul Robeson wanted improvement own his own terms, not necessarily those suggested by white society. Nonetheless, Smith insists both Robinson and Robeson fought for equal rights in their respected ways. In this informative and well written essay, The Paul Robeson-Jackie Robinson Saga and Political Collision, Ronald A. Smith (following his Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin, he spent 28 years at Penn State teaching sport history and researching intercollegiate athletics) illustrates how a...
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...control the effects of factions--by setting them against one another, but dividing authority among institutions ● Problems with the Articles of confederation No ability to tax , No central currency, No way to negotiate treaties ,No executive capacity, difficult to maintain public order, nation security. ● 06.Deals addressed by the constitution Path dependency: reliance on experience, constrained by status quo; solutions based on familiar institutions. Some participants are content with current arrangements and not willing to change. ● 07.Federalist papers- A series of (85) published arguments that advocated the ratification of the Constitution. A sales pitch, these explicated the logic for the constitution and provide great insight for understanding why government was set up as it is. Specifically, laid out the problems with...
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...A TERM PAPER ON POLITICAL MARKETING INTRODUCTION Political marketing is a marketing designed to influence consumers about political issues, particular candidates for public office, or public issues. Although political marketing uses many of the same techniques that other forms of marketing do, it is actually used to promote a concept or an idea, rather than a specific product or service, and to motivate people to vote for that idea. The word “Political Marketing” emerge from the key words ‘politics’ and ‘marketing’. Politics simply means an activity which is concerned with governing a society or country. It has to do with the government or public affairs of a community or a state (that is a particular boundary). While, Marketing is a process of planning and executing the conceptions, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services, to create exchange that satisfy the individual and organizational objective. Marketing is often described as “selling of product”, but the fact is that marketing entails more than this. Kotler (2001) offers a definition that presents a comprehensive meaning of marketing as “a process by which individuals and groups, obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others”. The American Marketing Association (1995) also described Marketing as “the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to...
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...Chapter 6 The media, government accountability, and citizen engagement Katrin Voltmer The past two decades or so have seen an unprecedented spread of democracy around the globe. With the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the end of the Cold War, the ‘third wave’ of democratization, which started in the early seventies, now encompasses countries in Asia and Africa.1 And even in states whose governments continue to resist a more open and participatory form of governance, such as North Korea, Burma or Zimbabwe, the idea of democracy is a powerful force that inspires people to take on a more active role in public life. However, many of the newly emerging democracies seem to fall short of some, often many, of the basic standards that define democratic rule, with irregular voting procedures, corruption, inefficiency and autocratic styles of government being but a few of the maladies. In addition, as many of the newly emerging democracies belong to the developing world, inequality and poverty remain severe obstacles to full self‐determination of the people. The experiences of the past decades have shown that democracy is not a one‐way road and that a viable democracy requires more than the implementation of the key institutions of government. Rather, an accountable and efficient government is embedded in a complex web of interdependent conditions that ...
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...have regarding race. One of things that is a different about ‘The Color of Water” is that the character of Ruth espouses to her children the idea that we build a society that is color blind. Even the title of the work hints at this view since water has no color, thus the color of water is clear. Even though this idea of a colorless society sounds great it is utopian and just not possible. It is a much better idea that if we are going to tackle the issue of race in this country, that we do not pretend that we can’t see differences amongst various ethnicities. The real goal should be that we recognize these differences and celebrate them. To understand why Ruth would say to advocate something like a color blind society it is important to understand who Ruth is. The character of Ruth, even though she was a real person, could be looked upon as being a symbol for the American experience. The classic American dream is one in which hard working immigrants move to the US, the land of opportunity, and make it big through hard work and determination. The American experience is different from the American Dream in that it is the realistic events and experience that people have. The idea that the streets in the US are paved with gold and that all one has to do is make it here to succeed is a fairy tale, and you can tell this just by looking at some of the things that Ruth had to deal with. Ruth’s family made it to the US but did not have what anyone would really consider the American Dream...
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...Երևանի Վ. Բրյուսովի անվան Պետաան Լեզվահասարակագիտական Համալսարան Political neologisms in the American Press (based on the articles on B. Obama's presidency) Danielyan Hovhannes CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………2 2. CHAPTER I General Notes on Political Neologisms……………………………………………..4 3. CHAPTER II Neologisms Connected with B. Obama's Presidency……………………………...9 4. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………….15 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………..17 1 Introduction The current graduation paper is devoted to the detailed study of the neologisms in the American press. The latter is observed via examining the cases of neologisms brought forward by B. Obama. In this paper an attempt was made to throw light upon many words and phrases that are used in modern American political lexicon, as well as to examine some political neologisms that help to cover the 2008 Presidental Election Campaign. The graduation paper consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion...
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...The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School The Mary Jane and Frank P. Smeal College of Business ESSAYS IN POLITICAL MARKETING A Dissertation in Business Administration by David LeBaron 2008 David N. LeBaron Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2008 The thesis of David N. LeBaron was reviewed and approved* by the following: William T. Ross, Jr. Professor of Marketing Dissertation Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee John C. Liechty Associate Professor of Marketing Dissertation Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee Peter Ebbes Assistant Professor of Marketing David J. Huff Clinical Assistant Professor of Supply Chain and Information Systems Johannes Baumgartner Professor of Marketing Head of the Department of Marketing *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Political marketing sits at the nexus of two disciplines, political science and marketing, but is not entirely accepted by either. The present research looks at the origin, development, and evolution of political marketing and examines how the adoption of a political marketing orientation is impacting the practice of political campaigns. The role of political marketing in actually changing voters’ preferences is also examined, showing that grassroots marketing efforts seem to have the greatest effect, especially with undecided voters. Finally, voter segments are derived...
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...Theories of Communication – MCM 511 VU LESSON 01 COMMUNICATION Defining communication Communication is seen as central to our everyday ideas about what makes life worth living. It is not surprising that academicians have attempted to unravel the secrets of the communication process. In this section of the study we will examine the theorizing and theories of this discipline of communication. To understand communication theory we need to understand the nature of communication. Nature of communication People define terms in different ways, and those differences in definition can have a profound impact on the extent to which we understand each other and the way we move forward with both academic and everyday pursuits. Given the variety of ways in which words are used and understood, we are often ill-served to search for the single, so-called correct definition of a term. In other words, it is better to evaluate definition in terms of their utility rather than in terms of their correctness. So we should not assume that there is always a single right way to define a concept. There is a great deal of variation in the definitions. Some are very abstract and some are extremely specific. Few definitions are cited below. Communication is the process by which an individual (the communicator) transmits stimuli (usually verbal) to modify the behavior of other individuals (the audience). (Hovland Janis and Kelly in 1953) Communication is the process by which we understand others and in turn...
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...text. You are only likely to get the maximum value out of this summary by reading it in conjunction with the text. The question of ‘the law in whose context’ may be worth keeping in mind as you read. This is an interpretation seen through my eyes, not yours. My comments are not unbiased, as it is as equally unlikely that yours may be. So my ‘advice’ is consider what is said here and in the book considering the need to understand the ‘mechanics’ that help make sense of the more involved themes that develop in the book as you progress through Law in Context. The observations, important in their own right, may be particularly useful for seeing how their often ubiquitous expression is taken as ‘normal’ in the areas of wider society, such as in discussions of economics and power. It is unlikely that you will find any ‘right answers’ from this summary, but I do hope it helps you in synthesising opinions. A bibliography of books I used is given at the end of this summary. If your head isn’t spinning too much, maybe it is worth getting together earlier in the semester with friends and talking about some of the issues that particularly interest you. Don’t be worried if ‘you don’t know anything’. It’s probable that you, as for most of us, are neither as enlightened nor as...
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...Dave Madsen JGRD 915: Mass Communication Theory Dr. Linda Shipley Final Paper Dec. 14, 2009 Discovering Methods of Communication Use in Ord, Nebraska In a recent editorial opinion column in the Sioux City (Iowa) Journal, Editor Mitch Pugh wrote “We are becoming a nation that only wants to consume news that perpetuates or supports our own tightly held beliefs. I’m not sure I quite understand how that line of thinking contributes anything to a society that used to value open and fair-minded debate and learned from absorbing diverse viewpoints.” (Pugh) If you actually asked people about their news consumption practices, would they agree with that sentiment? Would the residents of a particular small town in Nebraska be able to determine if any commonly held beliefs might be determined by the selection of a specific type or style of media? These are just some of the questions that arise when evaluating the results of just such a research project. During the month of October, 2009, students of Dr. Linda Shipley’s Mass Communication Theory class at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, conducted interviews with 33 residents of the small town of Ord, Nebraska. The purposes of the survey were: 1) To measure the use of media by the people of Ord. Specifically, how do they gather information about Ord and how do they disseminate information about Ord? 2) To measure their opinions about living in Ord. The interviews were conducted by telephone, with each of the eleven...
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...multifarious in content. The common sense of public management is relatively straightforward. Good public managers, whatever their particular positions or responsibilities, are men and women with the temperament and skills to organize, motivate, and direct the actions of others in and out of government toward the creation and achievement of goals that warrant the use of public authority. Few public laws and policies are self-executing, and, in their formulation, all might benefit from managerial insight and experience. Under virtually any political philosophy or regime, then, the achievement of good government requires the responsible and competent use of public authority by a government’s managers. Common sense obscures issues that have been at the heart of public management from its inception as a field of study and practice, however. What if the goals to be achieved and their possible costs and consequences are unclear or in conflict? What if public managers are given insufficient authority, resources, and tools to organize, motivate, and monitor the efforts needed to...
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...Federal Government Exam 1 Review: The first exam will consist of questions generated from the following review sheet. Make sure you understand each of these topics before proceeding to the test. The exam will be timed so you will not have the ability to peruse your notes or retake the exam. The exam itself will consist of 30 multiple choice questions and you will have 35 minutes to complete the exam. Federalism: The Basic elements of a Federal system of government (i.e. how is it structured/how power is shared) • Layers of gov • Equal power • Distinct powers Powers of the federal government: delegated powers, implied powers (necessary and proper clause), and concurrent powers. • Delegated Powers: (expressed/enumerated powers) powers given to the federal government directly by the constitution. Some most important delegated powers are: the authority to tax, regulated interstate commerce, authority to declare war, and grants the president role of commander and chief of the military • Implied Powers: Powers not expressed in the constitution, but that can be inferred. “Necessary and proper clause” • Concurrent powers: powers shared by both levels of government. Ex: Taxes, roads, elections, commerce, establishing courts and a judicial system • Reserved powers: powers not assigned by the constitution to the national government but left to the states or the people. Guaranteed by the 10th amendment. Include “police power”-health and public...
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...paper is to gain insight into the relation between iddirs and sustainable development in Ethiopia. The material to achieve the aim is gathered through literature review and field work. The method of analysis is inspired by Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (henceforth CDA). CDA focuses on the relation between language use and social reality. It combines three forms of analysis. The first is linguistic analysis of text. It deals with wording, grammar, syntax, cohesion, metaphor, transitivity, and so forth The second deals with discursive practice which is an analysis of the (processes of) production, distribution and consumption of texts. At this stage we look at inter-textuality and inter-discursivity. The third form studies the socio-cognitive effects of discursive practice, in particular, reproduction or transformation of status quo. Definitions of the key concepts are given in the introduction of this book. One of the issues to be dealt with is to what extent iddir can be considered indigenous. The paper is divided into four sections. The first section is a review of several publications on iddir. The second section is an overview of data gathered through field work. The third section contains a critical correlation of theoretical insights gathered through literature review (section one) and empirical insights gathered through fieldwork (section two). The final section contains some conclusions concerning indigenous knowledge and sustainable development. A Journey...
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...specific terms such as "late capitalism" and "industrial society" even though these concepts figure prominently in many of the contributions to this volume. The conference strategy called for a general statement of a metaframework for the study of social change within which a variety of more specific theories could be identified. 2. Theories of Social Change Change is such an evident feature of social reality that any social-scientific theory, whatever its conceptual starting point, must sooner or later address it. At the same time it is essential to note that the ways social change has been identified have varied greatly in the history of thought. Furthermore, conceptions of change appear to have mirrored the historical ―2― realities of different epochs in large degree. In his essay...
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... the fall of authoritarian and socialist regimes, and the deregulation of the media worldwide have fuelled a renewed interest in ––as well as a surge in efforts by various groups to support–– “watchdogging” by the media. Since the late 17th Century, classical liberal theorists had argued that publicity and openness provide the best protection from the excesses of power. The idea of the press as Fourth Estate, as an institution that exists primarily as a check on those in public office, was based on the premise that powerful states had to be prevented from overstepping their bounds. The press working independently of government, even as its freedoms were guaranteed by the state, was supposed to help ensure that this was so. The 1980s and 1990s saw the revival of this centuries‐old notion and its application especially to “transition societies” then emerging from the ruins of socialist and authoritarian regimes. It had resonance among citizens facing pervasive corruption, weak rule of law, and predatory or incompetent governments unable to deliver basic services. Today even in countries where democracy is a fairly new experiment or even in those, like China, where democracy and a free press have yet to take root, the notion of the press as watchdogs of power is embedded in the self‐definition of journalists1 and in varying degrees, also in public expectations of the media. It is, moreover...
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