...Whites Swim in Racial Preference Nathan Wood Sociology 111-001-F1 Ivy Tech Community College Muncie, Indiana The article “Whites swim in racial preference” is a phraseology comparison of fish and water in regards to the privilege of being white or Caucasian. The article by Tim Wise points to the ignorance of the most powerful man in the world in regards to the racial divide in this country even at the highest level of education. Wise also mentions a government loan program in the form of FHA loans to as many as 15 million white Americans for over thirty years. Today FHA loans are now mainly used by low income families of African American and Hispanic homebuyers. (Dedman, 1998) Privileged whites now label FHA as a form of welfare, which is amusing since so many whites benefitted from the program from the 1930’s to 1960’s. Another reference in the article referred to hard working whites, differentiating themselves from minority groups that dot the labor landscape working as maids, garbage collectors etc…as if they care not hard working due them these workers being from a specific ethnic group. While some articles I have researched seem to think The FHA loan program, was a form of social control. However, I see this more as Social Stratification as A segment of society (15 million whites) shared a distinctive pattern of rules (FHA Loans) that differed from the pattern of the larger society. Obviously other social tags could...
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...accomplish the means it was intended for, courtesy of a Southern sympathetic Supreme Court. The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in 1868, declaring that all persons in the United States were guaranteed civil rights, largely targeted at recently freed slaves after the Civil War. The amendment, which was mainly written by John Bingham, a Radical Republican representative from Ohio, was progressive. He believed “the law crowned ‘the rights of persons made in the image of the Almighty’” as he insisted “on securing the rights of Negroes” (Beauregard). While the amendment was progressive on paper and should have given equal rights to African-Americans, the South found loopholes to get around equality, to which the Supreme Court turned a blind eye, betraying the vision of Bingham and his...
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...bad thing but it undermines the fact that there are still racial problems that are tough to deal with because they are very subtle and not obvious like the previous forms of racism were. Matthew Desmond and Mustafa Emirbayer are two sociologists who wrote “Race in America”. In the book, they discuss how they believe that racial domination and institutionalized racism are the prevailing problems with racial disparities in the twenty-first century (Desmond and Emirbayer, 2016). Racial domination has been happening for centuries but it has changed how it happens. Racial domination is when one race has more opportunity and privilege in everyday life than another race. In America white people are known as the dominants and minorities are typically the dominated (Desmond and Emirbayer, 2016). Desmond and Emirbayer define institutionalized racism as a “systematic white domination of people of color,...
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...There are many influential supreme court cases like Miranda v. Arizona. The most influential one are ones that put a shift into history. One of the most influential supreme court case are Brown V. Board. In this case segregation was ended. Another Court case is Gideon V. Wainwright. This allows a person how can not afford an attorney or lawyer to be given a lawyer or attorney. The next case TLO V. New Jersey. This allows a student to be searched on school grounds. Although there are many influential court cases there are only a few that stand out the most, Brown V. Board, Gideon V. Wainwright, and TLO V. NEW Jersey. One of the most influential court cases is Brown v. Board. In this case Linda Brown wanted to go to the white school that was...
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...is full of different examples of racial difficulties, which also can be found in court cases throughout history and even now in more modern cases. Many of these cases can be traced back to the main concept of separate but equal, which was established by the Plessy vs. Ferguson case. Plessy vs. Ferguson was the main point that really brought the concept of separate but equal into light. The case was a debate on whether segregation was constitutional. In 1892 Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow train car, which at the time was a train car that all African Americans were required to sit in, as they were not allowed to sit with the white people. This was against...
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...The Court is now overseeing the case of Fisher vs. Texas over the Affirmation Act and Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The University of Texas at Austin has been using race as a factor for the admissions process and Fisher has come to believe it diminished her chances of going to the school. The Affirmative Action Act is used to eliminate discrimination due to race and other variables. By using race as a variable to be admitted into their University, Texas has committed an unconstitutional policy because it breaks the Equal Protection Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment. The Equal Protection Clause states equal privileges for all United States citizens. The affirmative action act is the policy designed to help eliminate discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in areas such as: businesses, education, and employment. Affirmative action was originally used to help the ongoing battle against racism towards African Americans. However, the term affirmative action was first used in President John F. Kennedy’s 1961 Executive Order 10925 which required “federal contractors to “take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that the employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.” ” In 1967 Lyndon Johnson expanded his executive order 11246 (the equivalent of Kennedy’s executive order) to include affirmative action to benefit women (Sykes). Fisher vs. The...
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...Education In civil rights in America was a major thing back in the 1950’s as African Americans wanted to have a better education and wanted to have a good life. The African Americans started protesting to get a better education and the world known one is Brown vs Board of Education in 1954 when she won the court case and got all “white schools” to be illegal from that day forward. Firstly, teaching had a crucial impact in post-1945 civil rights history. Much time and effort was spent on training the belief being that in a vote based system it was just right and reasonable that all individuals paying little mind to skin shading must have the privilege to good teaching. This issue of social equality and training stood out as truly interesting...
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...some races are by nature superior to others.” The Macquarie Dictionary defines racism as: "the belief that human races have distinctive characteristics which determine their respective cultures, usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior and has the right to rule or dominate others." The common thread between all of these definitions seem to be the idea of superiority versus inferiority when comparing whites and blacks, in particular. Because of this notion of whites feeling superior and blacks feeling inferior, segregation still seems to exist, especially in high schools and on college campuses. Racial segregation in public schools was the norm across America in the early 1950’s. Although all the schools were supposed to be equal, most black schools were far inferior to the white ones. Linda Brown, a black third-grader in Topeka, Kansas, had to walk one mile through a railroad yard to get to her black elementary school, even though a white elementary school was only a few blocks away. Her father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll her in the white elementary school, but the principal of the school refused. So, then Mr. Brown went to McKinley Burnett, the head of the National Association for...
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...Plessy v. Ferguson: To begin you must understand the significance of the court case Plessy vs. Ferguson in order to see the true importance of it. In 1890, Louisiana passed an act named the Separate Car Act. The law stated that all rail companies carrying passengers in Louisiana had to have separate but equal seating arrangements for white and non-white passengers. Also under this law declared that those who violated the act were to pay a fine or spend 20 days in jail. People especially blacks at the time felt that this act was unfair and unconstitutional. So one day a name by the name of Homer Plessy who was one-eighth black bought a first class ticket and boarded an all-white car. The rail company knew what was going to happen so upon his...
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...important to understand what exactly that is, some possible defense options and as well as ways to avoid a lawsuit like this in the future. Understanding Defamation: According to Canadian law defamation can take two forms, slander and libel. Slander is defined as the defamation of a person, group, organization, product, government or country that was in the form on spoken words, sounds, sign language, or gestures. Libel is the same thing but the defamatory statement was made in written or printed words or in pictures. You are currently dealing with a defamation case in the form of libel. In legal terms; "The publication of any false imputation concerning a person, or a member of his family, whether living or dead, by which (a) the reputation of that person is likely to be injured or (b) he is likely to be injured in his profession or trade or (c) other persons are likely to be induced to shun, avoid, ridicule or despise him. (White, A Primer on the Law of Defamation in Ontario) Basically Peter Reid Graham has the ability to sue for defamation because the statement referring to the pedophilia was a false statement made as if they were true and referring to him. The information may have been factual but the implications were that the man in the picture (Peter Reid Graham) was the one being accused, which is false. In addition it caused damages to this mans reputation (the damage does not need to be proven) The victim will just have to state that he is being accused of a crime he did...
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...The Supreme Court V. The 14th Amendment I. Introduction A. The Supreme court presided over three cases in the span of ten years that grossly affected the country. B. The 1873 ruling of the Slaughter House Cases, the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, and the 1896 case of Plessy V. Ferguson. II. Body A. The 1873 ruling of the Slaughter House Cases. 1. A Louisiana law of 1869 created a state corporation for the slaughtering of livestock. The corporation was given exclusive power to slaughter livestock, and all other private slaughterhouses were required to close. Independent butchers could use the corporation’s facilities for a charge, but could not conduct independent operations. 2. The butchers not included in the monopoly claimed that the law deprived them of their right to "exercise their trade" and challenged it under the 13th and 14th amendments. The highest state court sustained the law. 3. The states have the proper police power to limit slaughter house operations for the health and safety of their residents. The meaning of the 13th and 14th amendments must be derived from the historical context of the problems they were designed to remedy, namely African slavery. The Congress, after the end of the Civil War, sought to strengthen the freedom of the former slaves by passing these amendments. 4. Specifically, they only were meant to guarantee federal privileges, not state privileges, whatever they may be. The "privileges and immunities" clause did not...
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...Education case was a colossal influence on desegregation of schools in the United States of America. It created a milestone of equal opportunities in schools among the blacks and whites. The ruling of this case took place in 1954 and it ruled in favor of Mr. Brown. It is among one of the important cases ever heard on racial prejudice in the American history. The Brown vs. Board of Education case is about a young third grader girl in Kansas, Topeka city named Linda Brown (Dudley 48). Linda was subjected to trekking one mile through a railway switchyard daily in order to reach her black elementary school despite there being a white school seven blocks away from her home. Browns father attempted to find a chance in the white school to get her enrolled there since the black elementary school was far from home but the principal of the white school rejected Linda’s enrollment because she was black and the school was a white school. Mr. Brown and other parents reported the incident to the head of Topeka’s National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The head of NAACP Mr. McKinley Burnett had really waited for such an opportunity so as to challenge racial segregation problem in court as segregation cases were very rampant in the United States schools. This was the right opportunity as Mr. Burnett and NAACP took legal action by taking the case to the District court. Brown lost the case to the state but he overruled the decision of the Kansas district court and took the...
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...a local Maryland bank. In 1818, the state of Maryland set up legislation to tax the bank. The cashier of The Second Bank of America refused to pay the tax. Section 8, clause 18 of the Constitution is in question here because it is a matter of how much power does the Necessary and Proper Clause give congress. Decision: The Court voted 7 for McCulloch and 0 for Maryland. The Supreme court ruled that Congress maintained...
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...ever told about this right to council or his right to remain silent. Prior Proceedings: Mr. Miranda was charged with kidnapping Count I; and Rape, Count II; and pronounced guilty by the Superior Court, Maricopa County, Yale McFate, J., entered a judgment of guilty sentenced to serve from twenty to thirty years on each count, to run concurrently. (Arizona, 1965) Vignera v. New York, the defendant made oral admissions to the police after interrogation in the afternoon, and then signed an exculpatory statement upon being questioned by an assistant district attorney later the same evening. Westover v. United States, the defendant was handed over to the Federal Bureau of Investigation by local authorities after they had detained and interrogated him for a lengthy period, both at night and the following morning. After some two hours of questioning, the federal officers had obtained signed statements from the defendant California v. Stewart, the local police held the defendant five days in the station and interrogated him on nine separate occasions before they secured his exculpatory statement. State v. Miranda, 401 P.2d 721 (Ariz. 1965) (Arizona, 1965) in this appeal the defendant brought up several points of law: Rule 236, Rules of Criminal Procedure, 17 A.R.S. (1956); His case did not go to trial in a timely manner. He thought there were objectionable,...
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...Supreme Court, on May 18, 1896, by a seven-to-one majority (one justice did not participate), advanced the controversial “separate but equal” doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. Plessy v. Ferguson was the first major inquiry into the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment’s (1868) equal-protection clause, which prohibits the states from denying “equal protection of the laws” to any person within their jurisdictions. Although the majority opinion did not contain the phrase “separate but equal,” it gave constitutional sanction to laws designed to achieve racial segregation by means of separate and supposedly equal public facilities and services for African Americans and whites. It served as...
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