...11:47 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Sage Publications, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Science, Technology, &Human Values. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 199.73.44.216 on Wed, 2 Oct 2013 11:47:01 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Science, Technology, & Human Values Fairness as Volume 34 Number 5 September 2009 573-606 C) 200$; Sage Plications 10.1177/0162243908329381 l*ftp:#$&.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com Appropriateness Negotiating Epistemological Differences in Peer Review Gregoire Mallard Northwestern University Michele Harvard Lamont University Joshua Guetzkow University of Arizona fuel continuous and frequently divisive debates differences Epistemological have yet to consider and the humanities. in the social sciences Sociologists literature has The empirical affect peer evaluation. such differences how differences how epistemological studied distributive fairness, but neglected...
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...The Development of Self: A Comparison and Analysis of Child Self-Description Using Rosenberg Locus of Self Knowledge Abstract The concept of self is an ever developing process which begins from childhood. It accounts for the ability to initially identify ourselves using physical attributes and activities, progressing into descriptions which capture emotions and beliefs only privy to the individual. Open ended self-description questionnaires along with semi structured interviews were conducted with two female children aged eight and sixteen years old. Their responses were analysed and compared to identify whether a developmental trend existed. The results supported Rosenberg’s Locus of Knowledge theory; with age and experience children develop a self-reflexive sense of self separate to their caregivers. Although, methodical choices reduce the possibility of ecological validity. Introduction The general consensus amongst western theorists is the concept of ‘self’ as a progressive process. Fundamentally, the acknowledgement of self-existence, which Lewis (1990) refers to as the existential self. The awareness of ‘me’, the person, the ‘self-as-object’ or the ‘categorical self’ as described by James (1892) follows. This stage reflects a child’s ability to identify themselves, identifiable by others and socially categorised according to their relationships, gender and age. Cooley (1902) suggested ‘the looking glass self’ was another way people viewed their identities based...
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...Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2003, Vol. 112, No. 4, 558 –577 Copyright 2003 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0021-843X/03/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.112.4.558 Testing Mediational Models With Longitudinal Data: Questions and Tips in the Use of Structural Equation Modeling David A. Cole Vanderbilt University Scott E. Maxwell University of Notre Dame R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny (1986) provided clarion conceptual and methodological guidelines for testing mediational models with cross-sectional data. Graduating from cross-sectional to longitudinal designs enables researchers to make more rigorous inferences about the causal relations implied by such models. In this transition, misconceptions and erroneous assumptions are the norm. First, we describe some of the questions that arise (and misconceptions that sometimes emerge) in longitudinal tests of mediational models. We also provide a collection of tips for structural equation modeling (SEM) of mediational processes. Finally, we suggest a series of 5 steps when using SEM to test mediational processes in longitudinal designs: testing the measurement model, testing for added components, testing for omitted paths, testing the stationarity assumption, and estimating the mediational effects. Tests of mediational models have been an integral component of research in the behavioral sciences for decades. Perhaps the prototypical example of mediation was Woodsworth’s (1928) S-O-R model, which suggested...
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...1. Peoples’ susceptibility to alcohol, mood and how it affects the client. Effects of alcohol on mood In a study conducted by Nurnberger (2002), a direct relationship exists between consumption of alcohol and mood . Alcoholic intoxification commonly produces a “high” with attendant giddiness and lowering of inhibitions. Conversely, hangovers and acute withdrawal typically produce dysphoria with elements of anxiety and depression mixed with physical malaise. Furthermore, alcoholism and depression can coexist and their susceptibility can run in families (Merikangas and Gelernter 1990). In addition , other studies carried out by Merikangas et al 1994 patients often use alcohol as a form of self medication for an affective disorder. In other words, depression may develop as a result of alcoholism; in this case alcoholism is the primary disorder and depression is considered an organic mood disorder (ie mood disorder with a physiological cause). Conversely, is was argued in other studies that there was no unequivocal effect on mood. ( Tilburg and Vingerhoets 2001). While come studies found that drinking was associated with inducing positive feelings of pleasure or reduction in negative feelings like uncertainty and tension ( ref 3,4) others have reported reported an increase in negative emotions (ref 5,6) or no direct effects on the mood at all ( ref 7,8) . Perkins at al (7) observed that alcohol intake decreased self- report Heavy alcohol use or alcohol misuse and major...
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...EVANGELICAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OSIJEK, CROATIA ANALYSIS OF BASIC CONCEPTS OF CARL ROGERS’ CLIENT – CENTRED THERAPY COURSE: Individual Counseling PROFESSOR: dr. Sc. Zoran Vargović STUDENT: Damir Pil YEAR OF STUDY: 2nd – Mth DATE: 29th May 2012 1 CONTENT Introduction............................................................................................................................. ............... 3 I Rogers’ Theory of Personality .................................................................................................. ..........4 Organismic Valuing Process........................... ....................................................................4 a. The Structure and Dynamics of Personality.............................................................5 b. Self – Actualization..................................................................................................6 II Relationship between Therapist and the Client in Client – Centred Therapy.............................7 Introduction to Rogers’ General Hypothesis ...............................................................................7 Conditions of Worth.....................................................................................................................9 a. Core Conditions................................................................................ ....................... 10 III Biblical Perspective on Person – Centred Counselling...........
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...Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Social Work Values: A Critical Analysis A. Antonio González-Prendes, Ph.D. Wayne State University aa3232@wayne.edu Kimberly Brisebois Wayne State University Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 9, Number 2 (2012) Copyright 2012, White Hat Communications This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the authors and advance notification of White Hat Communications Abstract Increasing numbers of clinical social workers use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in their practice. This article analyzes how CBT fits with social work values and in particular with social justice. We propose that CBT is a good fit with the values of the profession and make suggestions for areas of improvement. Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, social work values, social justice, social work practice 1. Introduction In a day when evidence-based practice has become so important to the social work profession, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has become one of the most frequently used forms of psychotherapeutic intervention. Extensive research supports the effectiveness of CBT approaches for a wide range of psychosocial issues (Dobson & Dobson, 2009; Granvold, 2011). It is one of the most widely researched and published models of therapy, with more than 325 published outcome studies that validate its efficacy (Butler, Chapman, ...
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...Dietrich Bonhoeffer Kayla Tremblay November 27, 2012 The Bible: A Dogma or a Set of Guidelines Dietrich Bonhoeffer November 27, 2012 I. Introduction a. Dietrich Bonhoeffer i. Biography ii. Christianity and War iii. Thesis: As demonstrated by Bonhoeffer in his war against socialism, religion cannot be looked at as a dogma and instead should be a malleable doctrine that is subjective to history. II. Body b. Christian Doctrines iv. Fundamental guidelines v. Use of the bible 1. Hitler a Christian? vi. No rules in war c. Moral Ethics vii. Ethics of Conviction vs. Ethics of Responsibility viii. Rationality d. Just War Theory ix. St. Thomas Aquinas x. Guidelines for a Just War xi. Just War is applicable e. What about Christians and Pacifists? xii. “Put your sword away” xiii. No such thing as a “Just War” III. Conclusion f. Summary xiv. Thesis: As demonstrated by Bonhoeffer in his war against socialism, religion cannot be looked at as a dogma and instead should be a malleable doctrine that is subjective to history. g. So what? xv. Accomplishments xvi. Interpretation xvii. Cost-benefit analysis Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a Lutheran pastor and theologian living in Germany during the time of Nazi dictatorship. Originally moved by the exclusion...
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...Student Learning Guide Counselling Methods 1 © South African College of Applied Psychology (Pty) Ltd Developed and produced by the South African College of Applied Psychology Sunclare building, Claremont, Cape Town, 7708, South Africa. 2012. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by means of electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyrighted materials reproduced herein are used under the provision of the South African Copyright Act 98 of 1978 section 12 (1) (a)(b) (3), for private study only by students. STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE: COUNSELLING METHODS 1 2 Table of contents How this guide works ........................................................................................................................ 10 Module Readings .............................................................................................................................. 11 Prescribed text book ......................................................................................................................... 11 Prescribed and recommended readings ........................................................................................... 11 Session One: An Overview of Theories of Psychotherapy and Counselling ..................................... 14 Reading for the session .....................................................................
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...North-West University 15 Assignment 4 PBSC 811 Neo Mashile North-West University 15 Assignment 4 PBSC 811 Neo Mashile ASSIGNMENT 4 SECTION 1: RESEARCH PROPOSAL : The importance of fatherhood in children lives. | | Please study the topics and reading material of Quality Circle 2 and complete the following sections of the research proposal: | | 3 INTRODUCTION3.1 Problem StatementThere has been an explosion in research on the benefits of having engaged and involved fathers, as well as the deleterious consequences of father absence. Although the negative outcomes for fatherless children are pervasive and impact all ethnicities, the focus of this qualitative research is on understanding the lived experiences of a particular family that has suffered through the pain of three generations of father absence. The literature regarding father absence is reviewed, and the negative outcomes associated with fatherless children are explored. The father absence literature categorically concludes that the father’s role is essential in child development. This problem statement project aims to develop a program from a Christian perspective that can be implemented in churches or faith-based groups to address the issue of father absence. The ultimate goal of this project is to reconnect fathers in a research demonstrating that children from single parent homes experience disadvantages when compared to their peers. In addition, the pain and emotional longing for the...
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...hundred and forty-six students of grade 8 completed the Emotional Behavioural Scale for Pakistani Adolescents (EBS-PA; Soomro, 2010), and rendered measures of their social anxiety, malevolent aggression, and social self-esteem scores. These measures cumulatively represented emotional behaviour in these children, based upon Clarbour and Roger‟s (2004) model of emotional style, on which the EBS-PA scale is based. We then ascertained academic grades of these students from their school records and ran correlation between academic achievement (grades) and emotional behaviour measures. Results revealed academic achievement to be negatively associated with malevolent aggression, but positively related to social self-esteem. In addition, mediator analysis indicated social self-esteem to partially mediate the relationship between malevolent aggression and academic achievement. Keywords: emotional behaviour, academic achievement, adolescents, Pakistani There is robust evidence that emotional and behavioural problems are related with academic difficulties (Arnold, 1997; Hinshaw, 1992). These associations predict school drop-out rate, academic failure, delinquency, drug abuse, and unemployment which not only affect the individual but impacts the society as well (Lane, Carter, Pierson, & Glaeser, 2006; Trout, Nordness, Pierce, & Epstein, 2003). In developed countries, emphasis on developing a healthy personality during childhood has led to life successes in the individuals‟ adult life...
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...forbidden to eat pork while pork is the most common meat consumed by Han. In my high school, there were two dinning rooms: a big one for Han students, and the other small one for Hui students. I had dinner with my friend-Qian, who was Hui, but stayed with me in Han Chinese dinning room on that day. I enjoyed my pork dish, and wanted to share it with her but she refused. Qian explained, “I am Hui people, we do not eat pork.” I did not give up and said, “Come on, I have known you for ages, we are the same, we are all Chinese people. I can not see any differences.” My friend began to keep silent, and I kept persuading her, “just try one slice of the pork, they are really delicious”. However, my friend frowned and said “I can not eat it. The smell of the pork makes me sick”. After hearing her words, I stopped persuading her to eat pork because I did not want to make her uncomfortable. Then we began to talk other topics. I was unaware that what I committed was a microaggression at that time. Microaggressions are verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional happening in daily life, conveying communicating hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color (Sue et al., 2007). In this case, I did not see ethnic differences and persuaded my friend to have same food with me, communicating the subtle derogative meaning to my friend. In order to analyze the power issue, the author...
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...Computers in Human Behavior 29 (2013) 1872–1878 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Computers in Human Behavior journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh (A)Social reputation: Exploring the relationship between online video game involvement and social competence Rachel Kowert a,⇑, Julian A. Oldmeadow b a b Institut für Kommunikationswissenschaft, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Affordable and accessible Internet has changed the way video games are played, allowing individuals to connect worldwide in shared gaming spaces. On the surface participation within these environments may seem socially beneficial, as these highly social, playful spaces allow players to connect, interact with, and learn from others. However, there is a growing concern that increased participation within online gaming environments comes with a wide variety of social consequences, contributing to numerous losses in ‘offline’ sociability. While considerable research has examined these claims, consistent relationships between social competence and online video game involvement have yet to be established. The current work (N = 515) aimed to examine the extent to which online video game involvement may support, or undermine, the development and maintenance of traditional social skills. The results indicate that there are unique relationships...
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...understanding to make an appropriate career transition and support them throughout life. This is essential for an effective functioning of an economy and also for individual well - being. The job of career guidance counselling is thus very important. By facilitating successful transitions into paid employment, high quality careers guidance can also help ameliorate social deprivation and poverty: The role of career guidance is vital as there are mounting evidence suggests that an individual’s level of consumption, self-esteem, social-status, and even happiness depend to a large extent on not just income, but also social status, associated with occupational attainment. (Brown, Sessions and Taylor, 2004, p 20) This is one offered by Arthur et al (1989) who proposed that career is ‘the evolving sequence of a person’s work experiences over time’ (p8).It plays a role in raising career expectations and aspirations of pupils (Brown et al, 2004) and may also enhance broader school effectiveness (Killeen et al, 1999). Osipow and Fitzgerald (1996) postulate that the concept of career has recently undergone a transformation (p50) and distinguish between career choice as a point-in-time ‘event’ and a developmental ‘process’ over a longer period of time (p54). Whilst acknowledging that broader definitions (which include life roles and life span) have emerged, they suggest a more ‘parsimonious’ definition (p51), limited to vocational behaviour and vocational development. Looking back at the traditional...
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...individual. Therefore it is of paramount importance to equip the Youth with Financial Literacy so that they can manage their own finances and securing their financial future. The present study is carried out with the objective to find out the determinants of financial literacy of the youth. The major determinants that influence the financial literacy are required to be sought in order to deal with the complexities of current financial markets and products. Data has been collected through primary sources by framing questionnaire answered by 100 respondents in Amritsar. Factor Analysis has been used to analyse the data. The analysis revealed five underlying dimensions namely Interest in Financial Issues, Financial Behaviour, Saving habits, Financial Attitude and Financial Awareness. The results of this paper will be helpful for making people more financially literate. Keywords : Financial Literacy, Youth, Factor Analysis INTRODUCTION Financial Literacy is the ability of individual to understand and analyze the required information necessary for making decisions with the awareness of likely financial consequences. It is basically a process in which skills, resources and...
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...that crime can be more preventative just by looking at and involving the community to participate? Policing traditionally has always been a response unit, providing its’ service after the fact (after a crime has happened). The broken windows theory counters that traditional style by looking outside of the traditional criminal justice system to see how crime is generated and solutions to fix and prevent it (Trojanowics, 1994). The broken windows theory has views closely related to community policing: The quality of life, as the ultimate goal of policing (Carter & Sapp 1994; Joseph 1994; Kelling and Coles 1996; Skogan 1990; Trojanowics 1994). This type of policing has broadened the goal to assist communities to maintain a safe environment where basic institutions (families, schools, churches, commerce) can effectively operate and thrive within the community (Kelling and Coles 1996). Apprehending criminals is no longer the only focus among law enforcement. Police and their agencies must now adapt to look at what needs to be done to maintain the quality of life in communities as well as alleviate citizen fear of crime. To prevent community decline and crime police agencies must us the strategic measure of disorder control. Legitimacy refers to the judgments that the citizens make about police authority to make decisions about how to maintain social order and enforce the law. Therefore, (Police Executive Research Forum; PERF, 2014) legitimacy lies within the perceptions...
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