...In June 2022, I found out about an award-winning, American hip-hop musical and movie called Hamilton. The show is about America’s Revolutionary War and is more specifically based around its founding father and first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton. Lin-Manuel Miranda, the creator, writer, lyricist, composer, and original actor of Alexander Hamilton in the play, was inspired to write this musical after reading Ron Chernow’s biography of the life of Alexander Hamilton. I decided to write this about Hamilton because I think it’s an interesting idea to make a musical about a founding father who, as Lin-Manuel Miranda says, “embodies hip-hop by the strength of his writing.” Not a lot of people would’ve read a biography and thought about how it would make for a great musical, but now that I've listened to Lin-Manuel Miranda go over his thought process when coming up with the idea of Hamilton in a musical form, I agree, Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton lived a very eventful life,...
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...The differences between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists are apparent and complex. The Federalist Party most famously included: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Their overall vision was to create a strong, central government. Moreover, they were against the Bill of Rights, favored the Constitution, and supported the urban areas. They felt that a stronger national government and the ratification of the Constitution would help relieve the tensions following the American Revolution and would help properly manage the debt. Hamilton guaranteed the delegates that the Constitution would create a perfect balance between liberty and power. Anti-Federalists who opposed the ratification insisted that the Constitution would focus more on the latter. The benefits of Federalism include a protection against tyranny, since the power is divided between the national government...
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...Two sides formed during the debate on whether to ratify the U.S. Constitution or not; those who understood the necessity of a national government and those who feared another tyrannical central government. After leaving British rule, the colonists were fearful of another dictatorship and unrepresentative government. Because of this, they created the Articles of Confederation. However, the structure failed to provide the national government enough authority to successfully govern all thirteen states, because none of the state's trusted it. A group called Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams supported ratification of the Constitution. The Constitution would replace the weak Articles and enforce a stronger national...
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...Although many Americans continue to have a flawed view of rights, believing the bill of rights to be an exhaustive list, there are more rights contained in the body of the constitution. As Alexander Hamilton stated in Federalist 84, “The truth is, after all the declamations we have heard, that the Constitution is itself, in every rational sense, and to every useful purpose, A BILL OF RIGHTS.” Rights that are contained in the Constitution are as follows; the writ of habeas corpus, a ban on ex post facto, and the right to establish intellectual property. The writ of habeas corpus prevents the government from imprisoning suspected criminals without disclosing the reason for detainment. The ban on ex post facto laws prevent legislation from being...
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...Branches of Government Branches of Government America’s forefathers found it necessary to divide governmental power to ensure that history could not repeat itself; to protect the United States from being controlled by one ruler or a king. The forefathers established three branches of government to manage the enactment of important legislation. While diversity in political preference and views can create obstacles, it can also find compromising ground and come together for the greater good of the country. Law is a living thing, constantly changing as society evolves. The three branches of government: judicial, legislative, and executive were put into place to provide America with a solid foundation as a basis to grow from and expand on. When our forefathers wrote the constitution in 1787, they were very much aware that with time, came change, so in knowing this, the constitution was written in an open manner, allowing for changes to be made to the document as seen fit. The forefathers did not want to create another document such as the articles of confederation which had only one branch of government and many thought the Articles to be very weak. Our forefathers did not want to give just one government so much power; they wanted to ensure that the people’s liberty would always remain protected, and by creating the three branches, the power would be split up. Article One of the United States Constitution is Legislator, it describes the Congress, and the legislative branch...
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...APUSH Study Guide 8 A weak Confederacy and the Constitution, 1776-1790 Themes/Constructs: The federal Constitution represented a moderately conservative reaction against the democratilizing effects of the Revolution and the Articles of Confederation. The American Revolution was not a radical transformation like the French or Russian revolutions, but it produced political innovations and some social change in the direction of greater equality and democracy. The American Revolution did not overturn the social order, but it did produce substantial changes in social customs, political institutions, and ideas about society and government. Among the changes were the separation of church and state in some places, the abolition of slavery in the North, written political constitutions, and a shift in political power from the eastern seaboard toward the frontier. The first weak government, the Articles of Confederation, was unable to exercise real authority, although it did successfully deal with the western lands issue. The Confederation’s weakness in handling foreign policy, commerce and the Shays Rebellion spurred the movement to alter the Articles. Instead of revising the Articles, the well-off delegates to the Constitutional Convention created a charter for a whole new government. In a series of compromises, the convention produced a plan that provided for a vigorous central government, a strong executive, the protection for property, while still upholding republican...
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...only power the people have over the electoral college is the ability to appoint our electors through the popular vote; however, the electors have free reign, without needing consent from the people, over who is in charge every four years. Within the Electoral College is a rich history, pros and cons, how electors are chosen, how the difference of the popular vote cause Serbian states to be swing states, and why past elections have brought up questions about if the electoral college should be amended. The original philosophy behind the electoral college is what has caused the rich history of the electoral college. Everything began in 1789 when the idea of the electoral college came to elect our very first president. The Electoral College is a system of selecting the next president by electors who vote based on the popular vote of America (U.S. Electoral College). Alexander Hamilton created the original form of the...
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...ABOUT THE BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE The Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law is a non-partisan public policy and law institute that focuses on fundamental issues of democracy and justice. Our work ranges from voting rights to redistricting reform, from access to the courts to presidential power in the fight against terrorism. A singular institution – part think tank, part public interest law firm, part advocacy group – the Brennan Center combines scholarship, legislative and legal advocacy, and communications to win meaningful, measurable change in the public sector. ABOUT THE BRENNAN CENTER’S LIBERTY AND NATIONAL SECURITY PROJECT The Brennan Center initiated its Liberty and National Security project two years ago to foster better public understanding of the importance of accountability, transparency, and checks-and-balances in the formulation and implementation of national security policy. We have since been at the forefront of advocating for sound, rights-respecting policy prescriptions based on broad public participation and informed discussion. Our staff engages in a spectrum of public education, legislative advocacy, litigation and scholarly activity. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Jonathan Hafetz is Litigation Director of the Liberty and National Security Project at the Brennan Center. He is actively involved in post-9/11 litigation involving detainee rights and other national security issues, and is lead counsel in several leading detention...
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...father respected the learned and wanted to give his son a chance in life, just as, two generations ago, his Grandfather had given his oldest son a sound education in lieu of an inheritance, thus starting a family tradition that his father had passed on as well. This determination was in and of itself the making of John Adams. Yet despite his father’s dreams, Adams did poorly under the equally poor teaching he experienced in the dame school. His father transferred him at the age of 8 to Braintree’s Latin School to prepare him for school at Harvard; yet even here he did not show talent, disliking his teachers. It was only when, at the age of 14, his father hired a private teacher that Adams started to excel. Under the tutelage of Joseph March, who influenced John greatly, he quickly advanced in studies and was within a year ready for school at Harvard. He studied Bumgardner 2 there for 4 years, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1755. Although his father wanted to see his son as a minister, he started out at the bar after several years of school teaching, officially becoming a lawyer after graduating from a Master’s degree at Harvard. He traveled the country and tried cases of many types. Perhaps his most memorable case, in 1770 John successfully defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston massacre, a remarkable insight of John’s character;...
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...price was nowhere near what Esposito had hoped for, but $135 million would have to do at this point in hopes that someone could keep this organization alive for another day. The disappointment in Esposito’s face was clear; what had once been the most venerable and respected product in the industry had become obsolete. How could a leading firm have fallen so far so quickly? In 1990 revenues had reached record levels, but six short years later the company had declared bankruptcy (see Exhibit 1). Esposito had done everything he could think of to prevent this, yet the questions running through his mind were endless: Had encyclopedia buyers changed? Did customers not care anymore about quality information? Was today’s Britannica organization flawed in ways that yesterday’s had not been? Had Britannica neglected to defend against an aggressive competitor? Was there a crisis in the market that he had ignored? The decline of Encyclopædia Britannica was difficult to comprehend. The Encyclopedia Industry The print encyclopedia was a comprehensive knowledge source that generally included multiple entries and/or volumes of entries that were organized alphabetically by topic. Encyclopedias could be general reference sources (the word encyclopedia itself comes from Greek, meaning “a general education”) or specialize in a particular subject. Encyclopedias were much more in-depth information sources than other general reference books, such as thesauruses or dictionaries, which generally provided...
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...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....
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...The Beneficial Uses of Hemp Following my father's death, I felt there was some unfinished business that we had not discussed. I searched to find some of my father's thoughts and feeling that I could justify our relationship through. Ironically, I came across a manila envelope, which had contained some of his prized possessions. As I searched through it, I developed a new opinion of the bio mass plant called "Hemp." There were articles showing a hemp bills being passed and farmers wanting to cultivate it within Delta County. There was also a book called "The Emperor Wears No Clothes." It was a book stating compelling facts about the miracle crop Hemp." An article struck me. It told of, Woody Harrison, a well-known actor stating, "He would pick up the tab for Colorado's first hemp crop if state legislators approve the crop." He also stated that you could smoke a pound of it and not get high. (Rice)" In addition 4.6 million members of the American Farm Bureau Federation support Hemp 100 percent. Hemp could be the most abundant natural resource, it can replace 80% of our fossil fuels, and be used for many major medicinal purposes (Kriho). It is essential that we stop the use of all fossil fuels, and deforestation to save Mother Earth. This can be accomplished with the cannabis plant hemp seizing pollution and provide the world with more than enough of its energy needs. According to Jack Herer, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, we're not only the founders of our...
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...regional, or state, governments. 1. Population; the people who live within the boundaries of the state 2. Territory; land with known and recognized boundaries 3. Sovereignty; the supreme and absolute power within a state’s territory to decide its own foreign and domestic policies 4. Government; the institution through which society makes and enforces public policies 5. Force theory; the state was born of force, when one person or a small group gained control over people in an area and forced them to submit to that person’s or group’s rule. 6. Evolutionary theory; the state evolved from early families that united to form clans. Later, clans united to form tribes. As tribes settled into agricultural groups over time, they formed states. 7. Divine right theory; God created the state and gave a chosen few the right to rule. 8. Social contract theory; people voluntarily agreed to create a state and give to the government just enough power to promote the safety and well-being of all. Government exists to serve the will of the people, and the people are the sole source of political power. Chapter Outline 2 I. Section 1: Government and the State A. Definition of Government and the State 1. legislative, executive, judicial 2. state B. Political Ideas and the Purpose of Government 1. force 2. evolutionary 3. divine right 4. social contract 5. Preamble II. Section 2: Forms of Government A. Who Can Participate? 1. representative democracy 2. direct ...
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...Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences, and engage in the same intellectual and social life as American students. This issue of Duke Law Magazine provides a flavor of the international dimensions of the Law School. It touches on some of our ongoing international programs, including the Institutes in Transnational Law at Geneva and Hong Kong, the Global Capital Markets Center, the Center on Law, Ethics and National Security, the...
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...Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences, and engage in the same intellectual and social life as American students. This issue of Duke Law Magazine provides a flavor of the international dimensions of the Law School. It touches on some of our ongoing international programs, including the Institutes in Transnational Law at Geneva and Hong Kong, the Global Capital Markets Center, the Center on Law, Ethics and National Security, the...
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