...young adults are trying to bond with each other, open to that person, find love, form an intimate and close relationship with someone and just be close to that person, in every meaning of the word. If the person isn’t able to achieve that intimacy level then they get a feeling of isolation. I was lucky enough to be born and grow up with loving, caring and trusting parents and it was easier to trust people growing up and be securely attached later in my adult romantic relationships. Securely attached infants are defined as those who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore...
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...be formed. | Not even movement. | There is no intellectual what so ever the brain haven’t even formed yet | The embryo doesn’t well feelings like being sad or happy or angry haven’t come to the stage of feelings development | The embryo has no social development at all because the bay has no proper development. | Pregnancy: | The egg and sperm meet and make an embryo .The beginning of the three weeks after conception marks the start of the embryonic period. After two or three days there are enough new cells to make the fertilised egg the size of a pin head . This collection of cells travels to the lining of the uterus where it becomes anchored .The developing collection is now called an embryo. Its attached to the wall of the uterus by a placenta. Once the embryo is attached to the uterus wall, a chemical signal stops the woman from having another menstrual period. | At stage layers of cells from which all the baby organs and Body parts will develop. In the second month the baby is now as big as a kidney and is constantly moving .After eight weeks ,the embryo may have grown 3-4 cm and has a recognisable heartbeat and beginning of eyes ears, legs and arms .During the remaining seven months before birth ,all the organs continue to develop. By 20 weeks, the foetus will have reached about half the length of the baby at birth .By 32 weeks; the foetus will be about half its birth weight. | Non Non Non | NonNon Non | NonNon Non | Birth and infancy 0-3 years:...
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...life. As psychologist now know today this is a false fact. Research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, and how they react to new and possibly stressful situations. As the following pages will explain how it is better to show children at an early age love and affection to help the lead a more productive and secure life leading to adulthood. This paper explores a little more in depth about this theory, I will reference from Harlow’s Monkey Experiment, Anna Freud and Psychology Eleventh Edition. Harry Harlow (1905-1981) conducted an experiment where he took new born monkeys from their mothers at birth and provided them sergeant mothers; one of the mothers was made entirely from wire and only had a bottle that provided food. The other was covered in a soft terry cloth and could only provide comfort. Harlow found that regardless of whether or not the cloth covered mother provided food or affection, the infant monkeys would cling to her for comfort. The babies assigned to wire mesh mothers were adequately fed, but their needs for psychological nurture and tactile comfort were ignored, and they consequently displayed behaviors resembling autism. The baby monkeys assigned to terry cloth mothers, in contrast, appeared to develop far more normally. But why? Their psyches had been nourished along with their bodies. Harlow’s experiments were the first real understanding about how the...
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...people. The doctors and nurses who deliver us. The parents who raise us and help us to become an adult. The family members that always want to be around us. The people we stand in line next to in the grocery store. We come in contact with a lot of people throughout our lifetime. We have different relationships with each one of them. People are emotionally connected with others in different ways. As we grow older, we socially develop and create attachment relationships with the people in our lives. Some relationships are stronger than others. Attachment is a part of us that develops over time and is a very important part of our lives, even as adults. Attachment is within the domain of social development. The relationships we create through attachment are based on the strong emotional and social connection we have with a person. They can be anybody from a parent to a guardian to an uncle that is constantly giving us attention. A person that we are attached to can be seen as an attachment figure. The child always wants to be around this person, interact with them, and solely have their attention. These attachment figures are the people we are the most socially and emotionally responsive to. We find comfort in them and develop a sense of trust. Sometimes it can be hard for children to be separated from the ones they are most attached to, but as they develop the separation will begin to get easier. As attachment is developing, a person goes through four distinct phases. Although...
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...Research Paper Child protection is an area of interest for me due to the vulnerability of children. I come from an abusive relationship where my ex-husband is addicted to heroin. During our separation the police had to be called a few times, because of that I learnt so much when it came to protecting my own children. I currently work as a day care provider, providing a safe place for children to come while their parents are at work. Doing this type of work (and because of my children having a father that will be absent most of their lives) I have done a lot of research about the developing brain and attachment. Understanding about brain development and attachment are essential in raising a healthy child. I strongly believe that attachment theory is necessary in Educational Assistant curriculum due to the impact that attachment has on the developing brain. The journal article that I researched was “The Enduring Effects of Abuse and Related Adverse Experiences in Childhood: A Convergence of Evidence from Neurobiology and Epidemiology”. The article discussed the impact of abnormal stress on the developing brain. Evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences such as, “childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, as well as, household dysfunction including, parental drug or alcohol use, loss of family members, incarceration of family member or witnessing domestic violence” affect the “health and quality of life throughout the lifespan” (Anda et al., 2005, p...
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...spanking children was considered a “family matter” and was not something others questioned (CAPTA). A poll of 1,000 readers on parents.com eighty-one percent said they had spanked their child at least once and twenty-two percent do so once a week or more (Moninger). This figure is consistent with the 2007 study that was published in the “Psychology, Public Policy, and Law” Journal which stated that nearly eighty percent of kids are spanked at least once by fifth grade (Moninger). Many people today still believe that it is still family business while others believe spanking is a form of child abuse which is a non-productive way to handle things and scares children for the rest of their lives (Squidoo). Though there are some Pros to spanking, do we know what the long term effects of spanking are on children under the age of 13? Some of the Pros of spanking are that it can be effective on a short term basis by getting the child to change the negative behavior that caused the spanking in the first place (Dr.Phil). When spanking is used in conjunction with more of a humane disciplinary method, such as time outs, it seems to have a greater affect on children from ages two to six (Dr.Phil). Also it seems that parents who use time outs along with negative consequences, like spanking, have the most success in changing negative behaviors (Dr.Phil). The founder of Focus on The Family, Dr. James Dobson, discusses in his book “Complete Marriage and Family Home Reference Guide” why he thinks...
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...Examine the effects of social change on the position of children (24 marks) The position of children has undergone significant change, this will be examined alongside with the effects in this essay. There are many reasons why the position of children has changed and I will be examining whether the impact is positive or negative. In modern society it is argued that childhood is a social construct, which is where the individual experiences things which have been created. In pre-industrialisation the child had a similar role to the adults which was economic, this was researched by Aries. He studied paintings which were created in pre-industrialisation, the problem with this is that it has been interpreted by him and the painter and therefore may present bias or inaccurate findings or only give a one sided view. The children were expected to work and therefore had no/little education and their socialisation is very different to the children in modern society. The position of today’s children is to go to school, enjoy being a child and be dependent on the adult’s this was not evident in pre-industrialisation. This is proven in Aries findings, this is because he found that they were like a smaller version of an adult, for example with the clothes they wore and their expectations to work. He concluded that childhood did not exist, however in today’s society childhood is a significant lifestage and is essential in the future of the social actor (person). Industrialisation saw the...
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...operate under the CE, one of which is the Phonological Loop (PL). The PL stores any information, which the individual hears, like an inner ear, and uses the inner voice to silently repeat the information the individual has heard or seen (maintenance rehearsal). Another slave system is the visuo-spatial sketchpad, which is used for planning spatial tasks and temporarily storing visual or spatial information. The final slave system is the episodic buffer Information from the CE and the LTM can be stored in the episodic buffer to create a complete memory, which can then be transferred to the LTM for more permanent storage. OUTLINE RESEARCH INTO PEER RELATIONS:4 Clarke Stewart et al studied 150 children and found that those in day care were more advanced in their social development than children who stayed at home. They were more advanced in social development, independence and social interactions with peers. Field also found that the amount of time spent in full-time daycare was positively correlated with the number of friends...
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...family day care, and center-based care. Children who receive non-parental child care are positively affected cognitively, psychological, and socially. In-home care is typically provided by a nanny or babysitter. The children are cared for in their own homes, an environment they are comfortable in. Family day care is a home-based child care facility that is licensed by the state. A family day care is run by the homeowners and they can usually only care for a small group of children ages 0 to 12 years. Center-based care has children grouped by age in different areas of the facility with qualified and fingerprinted teachers and aides. Children ages 2 years and older are typically in groups of twelve (12), younger children are in smaller groups as per licensing requirements by individual states. The type of child care chosen is not as important as the quality of care provided by those caring for the children. A study on the cognitive development of young children in non-parental child care states, “it has been shown that children, especially from low-income families, who attend a quality preschool program, even part-time, are more verbally expressive and more interactive with adults that children who do not” (Burchinal et al., 2000; NICHD, 2007; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). The quality of the child care providers is important in shaping the cognitive development of young children. Enrichment activities are provided to children who already get the basic...
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...Unit 022. Sarah Enston. Understanding Child and Young Person Development. 3.1. Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods. • Assessment Frameworks. There are frameworks in place to asses a child’s development, especially their academic performance. • Observation. Observations can be made at any time to record what a child is doing. The observer can either participate or not. • Standard measurements. Standard measurements are used by many different professionals. They include reasoning tests, Cognitive Aptitude Tests, auditory assessments and health assessments. • Information from carers and colleagues....
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...tells us the answer in a matter of seconds. People say technology make us smarter because it gives us knowledge, but it’s not always that. Many kids or even adults get addicted to games or social media. People say technology is like a drug, once you start using it you get addicted and loathe to...
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...Childhood Review Questions Please answer the following questions as fully as you: 1. Explain what is meant by ‘childhood is a social construction’ This means that childhood is a stage of life that we have attached certain labels to. These labels include the view that children are dependent on adults to survive and the fact that children have less abilities to work than adults. It is also the view that a child's role in society and the rules that they are meant to follow are created and learnt by socialization. 2. Explain what is meant by the term ‘loss of childhood’ The term loss of childhood means that childhood is disappearing which means that children and adults are becoming more and more similar. This is due to way that children now act. For example, in Britain, more children are having sex at a younger ages which is proved by the statistic that Britain has the most teenage pregnancies. Children also have a greater access to the adult world through things such as the internet and television which make it exceptionally easy for children to access adult content. This view is supported by Postman who said that ‘childhood is disappearing at a dazzling speed’ 3. Suggest two reasons why childhood is a relatively modern invention. One reasons that childhood is a relatively modern invention is that we know, through the research done by Philippe Aries, that childhood did not exist past physical dependency in the middle ages. This is a reason because in todays society,...
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...reasons why families in China might favor a male over a female. In rural provinces, the family's living situations depend on its family members. As a result, a family with a son would be at a significant advantage over one with a daughter. Traditionally, it is the son's responsibility to care for his parents as they age. A daughter would be expected to be the caregiver for her husband's parents, rather than her own. Due to these ways of living, the Chinese believe that it is crucial to have a son, for their livelihood and a way of social security for their aging parents. Even though China has taken steps to change these belief systems, in the past few years, many families, especially those in rural areas are still firmly favoring a male child. This situation is even more complex because of China's one-child policy which forbids families from having multiple children. As a result of the policy, there are many children who are available to be adopted, which...
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...about the activity, I will have to take into consideration the skills each child has, the facilities, safety implications, equipment and time. Also I have to plan, improve and evaluate my activity; I have also made samples for each of my activities. The preschool and early school years are also full of changes, from three to five the child’s motor skills, language, thinking and social development change dramatically. A01- Suitable Activities and Reasons for Choice I have created a range of activities that would be suitable for Pre-schoolers aged between three to four, at this point in their life the child's development is important, it is a time where the child’s world will be dominated by fantasy and vivid imagination. Hopefully the children will be able move around confidently and also to use hand and finger skills, such as; using scissors, drawing circles and squares and beginning to understand some capital letters. The activity that I am most confident with is the Animal Craft, it allows the child to develop their social, emotional and intellectual skills, as well as being able to learn experientially by becoming visually, aurally and kinaesthetically...
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...sick. At this stage, parents or caregivers are responsible for health management. Health promotion can be taught to toddlers by teaching the importance of personal hygiene and nutrition, ie. taking vitamins. | Preschoolers have an accurate perception about their own bodies, but do not understand yet that there are vital processes and organs internally. Preschoolers can localize and verbalize pain. | School-aged children have a good grasp on body systems and what’s occurring during illness. School-aged children are developing cognitively, therefore are beginning to understand concepts related to health promotion, such as importance of eating well and visiting the doctor. | | Toddlers have a higher instance of accidental injuries due to environmental hazards and developing bodies. Nutrition may be affected if caregivers are not knowledgeable about feeding their picky, growing toddler. | Caregivers are charged with the task of seeking medical attention for their preschooler, including keeping current with vaccinations. Children not vaccinated are at risk for disease. Preschoolers develop a concern about mortality and death. | Learning disabilities present during this stage of a child’s stage of development. School-age...
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