...Experiment 8: Redox: Analysis of the Oxidizing Capacity of Bleach PURPOSE In this experiment, you will show how redox reactions can be used to quantitatively determine the amount of oxidizing agent in liquid hypochlorite household bleach. There are two oxidation-reduction reactions for determining the oxidizing capacity of bleach. Initially an excess of iodide ions are added to a bleach solution. The iodide ions are oxidized to iodine after the solution has been acidified. Starch is added to the resulting iodine solution as an indicator. The solution is then titrated with sodium thiosulfate until the color of the solution changes indicating the endpoint of the reaction. Data collected from the titrations will be used to calculate the mass of the sodium hypochlorite in an unknown solution of bleach. Given the original mass of the unknown solution and the calculated mass of the sodium hypochlorite in the unknown solution, the percent by mass of the sodium hypochlorite can be determined. The oxidizing capacity of the unknown bleach is effectively the percent by mass of the sodium hypochlorite in the unknown bleach sample. OJECTIVES 1) Titration of a sample of bleach with thiosulfate. 2) Determining the end point of the titration with starch indicator. 3) To determine oxidizing capacity of bleach by determining the percentage by mass of the bleach that is sodium hypochlorite. 4) Balance and summarize the two redox reactions to determine the overall chemical reaction that...
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...Tutorial #4 -- Photosynthesis: the basis of life ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 1. Basics of photosynthesis: a. Review the anatomy of the leaf and the cellular locations and organelles involved in photosynthesis. A leaf consists of waxy cuticle layer with stoma surrounded by guard cells, xylem vascular bundle, and a mesophyll. The chloroplast is located within the mesophyll cells. The stroma and thylakoids are located inside the chloroplast. The thylakoids contain chlorophyll. The organelles that participate in photosynthesis are chloroplast, thylakoids and chlorophyll in photosystem I and II. b. Describe and explain the role of oxygen in photosynthesis. The role of oxygen in photosynthesis is that during the light reaction, the light that is absorbed by the chloroplast in photosystem II, excites an election, therefore making the electron travel through a series of electron carriers to produce ATP. So to replace the electron lost through this process, water molecules are split into oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is then released into the atmosphere. c. Describe and explain the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. The role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis is that during the Calvin cycle, CO2 that enters the cell is combined with RuBP. This molecule is extremely unstable and because of that it splits from a 6 carbon molecule to a 2 carbon molecule through series of reactions and with ATP and NADPH produced...
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...the present Philippine health care situation” First question is why do nurses volunteer? a volunteer is someone who works for a community or for the benefit of the environment, primarily because they choose to do so.” Im likely see that this definition closely matches why I chose nursing in the first place. There are some reasons why nurses do this voluntarily and without their profits involve only just for the sake of having experience serve as imparting knowledges to other people. These are the main reasons:Using your skills to help others. Nurses often have specialized skills and knowledge that can benefit a wide array of people. To keep the resume going. If you lose your job or are just starting out as a nurse, what better way to improve your resume than serving others? If you are a new nurse, a volunteer opportunity offers the "experience" that hiring personnel are looking for. A sense of self. I can think of no better feeling of satisfaction than helping others each day. To make a positive impact on the community as a whole, To demonstrate to your children the importance of giving to others. Further, theres` a lot of opportunities available for nurses alike, Peace Corps/Missionary Work, Mentorship to a nursing student, School Nurse, Hospice, Nursing Home, and Volunteer to teach classes with community help organizations (Alcoholic Anonymous, abuse victim groups, YMCAs, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, 4H.) Thus, there`s nothing wrong to be a volunteer nurse but a contrast...
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...complete this module successfully and other available, related modules in this category are listed in the table below. While designing a training course, the relationship between this module and the others, would be maintained by keeping them close together in the syllabus and place them in a logical sequence. The actual selection of the topics and the depth of training would, of course, depend on the training needs of the participants, i.e. their knowledge level and skills performance upon the start of the course. No. 1 Module title Basic water quality concepts Basic chemistry concepts Code WQ - 01 • • • • • 3 How to prepare standard solutions WQ - 04 • • • 2 WQ - 02 Objectives Discuss the common water quality parameters List important water quality issues Convert units from one to another Discuss the basic concepts of quantitative chemistry Report analytical results with the correct number of significant digits. Select different types of glassware Use an analytical balance and maintain it. Prepare standard solutions. 4 How to measure dissolved...
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...Differentiation for competitive advantage in a small family business Alex Douglas, Jacqueline Douglas, John Davies Article information: To cite this document: Alex Douglas, Jacqueline Douglas, John Davies, (2010),"Differentiation for competitive advantage in a small family business", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 17 Iss: 3 pp. 371 - 386 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14626001011068680 Downloaded on: 19-04-2012 References: This document contains references to 30 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 1910 times. Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Additional help for authors is available for Emerald subscribers. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education. In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as an extensive range of online products and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 3 and TRANSFER...
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... Multidisciplinary Project Final Report The Green Cars By Name Major ID Aliyu Tukur Chemical Engineer 42426 Mohamed El-Lakkis Mechanical Engineering 36522 Muhammad Fawad Mechanical Engineering 42195 Sheikh Salman Kabir Electrical Engineering 39907 Date of Submittal: 21/5/2013 Submitted to Dr. Tharwat M. EL-Sakran Table of Contents Cover Page 1 List of Tables 4 List of Figures 5 Abstract 6 1. Introduction 8 2. The Automotive engine 10 2.1 Introduction to the Four-Stroke Engine 10 2.1.1 Intake Stroke: 11 2.1.2Compression stroke 11 2.1.3 Power stroke: 11 2.1.4 Exhaust stroke: 12 2.2 Types of engines: 14 3. The Hybrid Car Concept 15 3.1 Why Hybrid cars? 15 3.2 The Cost of transportation: 16 3.3 The rate of fossil fuel depletion: 17 3.4 Reduction of pollutants, greenhouse gases: 17 3.5 Regenerative Breaking: 18 3.6 Engine size reduction: 19 3.7 Constant loading in acceleration and deceleration: 19 3.8 Benefits in urban area (even lesser fuel consumption) 21 4. Emissions 21 4.1 Oxides of Nitrogen 22 4.2 Carbon Monoxide 23 4.3 Carbon Dioxide 24 4.4 Unburned Hydrocarbon & Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 25 5. Alternatives 26 5.1 HYBRID CARS 26 5.2 HYDROGEN FUEL CELL CARS 27 6. Battery Technology 28 6.1 Batteries used in Hybrid Cars 28 6.1.1 Lead-acid battery 29 6.1.2 Nickel-metal hydride 30 6.1.3 Lithium-ion battery 31 6.1.4 Zebra...
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...1. (a) By referring to electrons, explain the meaning of the term oxidising agent. ..................................................................................................................................... (1) (b) For the element X in the ionic compound MX, explain the meaning of the term oxidation state. ..................................................................................................................................... (1) (c) Complete the table below by deducing the oxidation state of each of the stated elements in the given ion or compound. |Oxidation state| Carbon in CO|| Phosphorus in PCl|| Nitrogen in Mg3N2|| (3) (d) In acidified aqueous solution, nitrate ions, NO, react with copper metal forming nitrogen monoxide, NO, and copper(II) ions. (i) Write a half-equation for the oxidation of copper to copper(II) ions. ........................................................................................…............................... (ii) Write a half-equation for the reduction, in an acidified solution, of nitrate ions to nitrogen monoxide. ........................................................................................…............................... (iii) Write an overall equation for this reaction. ........................................................................................…............................... (3) (Total 8 marks) 5. (a) The following is an equation for a redox reaction. ...
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...Arthur H. Woodard, Jr., MSW Soulhelp@me.com Jim Wuelfing, NRPP Jim.Wuelfing@gmail.com Name? From where? Doing what? Why here? Respect Be open Self-responsibility Participate at your own comfort level Take risks Confidentiality Practice good listening “Ouch” rule “Stretch” rule In small groups, please discuss the following: ◦ What personal lessons did you take from yesterday’s training? ◦ What connection might they have to your becoming culturally competent with any special population? ALLIES CO-CREATING A CULTURE of RELATIONSHIP BUILDING VS. RELATIONSHIP DESTROYING Multi-Layered Ethnic Culture Living Culture in an Organization Living Culture in a System Community Historical Culture COMPETENT CULTURE BROKERING Each layer of culture impacts the capacity of an individual, family, community and organization to change and heal. Developing a prACTice of paying attention to culture is a core competency of helping a change process. It is helpful to explore our own awareness of culture. 1. What cultures do I belong to? 2. What are the characteristics of these cultures? 3. How do my cultures impact my way being in the world? As we seek and value relationships and ACTivities that give our lives purpose and meaning, we become more interested in connections with people, places and things whose values and principles are in sync with our own. We seek values and a principle-based...
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...Harvard Business Review July-August 1960 • Shortsighted managements often fail to recognize that in fact there is no such thing as a growth industry. MARKETING MYOPIA By Theodore Levitt Every major industry was once a growth industry. But some that are now riding a wave of growth enthusiasm are very mueh in the shadow of decline. Others whieh are thought of as seasoned growth industries have actually stopped growing. In every case the reason growth is threatened, slowed, or stopped is not because the market is saturated. It is because there has been a failure of management. business. The reason they defined their industry wrong was because they were railroad-oriented instead of transportation-oriented; they were produetoriented instead of customer-oriented. e Hollywood barely escaped being totally ravished by television. Actually, all the established film companies went through drastic reorganizations. Some simply disappeared. All of them got into trouble not because of TV's inroads hut because of their own myopia. As with the railroads, Hollywood defined its husiness incorrectly. It thought it was in the movie husiness when it was actually in the entertainment husiness. "Movies" implied a specific, limited produet. This produced a fatuous contentment which from the beginning led producers to view TV as a threat. HollywootI scorncxi and rejected TV when it should have welcomed it as an opportunity — an opportunity to expand the entertainment husiness. Today TV is a bigger...
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...“Rate Your Plate” HWE 100 Human Nutrition - PERSONAL DIET EVALUATION PROJECT The purpose of this project is to put theory into practice by examining your food intake and making decisions about your eating habits. To begin the project, keep a record of your food and beverage intake for three typical days. Write down what you eat and drink and the quantity of each food or drink consumed. Keep another record of one day of your activities (24 hour period). Write down your activities and the time spent on each throughout your day. Include time sleeping or sitting quietly – all activities, including sedentary ones, burn calories. Use the website: choosemyplate.gov and the “Super Tracker” feature to analyze your diet and physical activity. Create a profile for yourself and enter your foods and beverages (item and quantity consumed) for analysis. Substitute a food of similar nutrient content if you can’t find a match within the database. Or, enter ingredients separately for mixed food items. For example, a taco might have: a corn shell, beef, lettuce, cheese, tomatoes etc. See the last page of this document for more detailed instructions for setting up your profile within Super Tracker. Enter your 24 hours of activity into the “Activity Tracker” portion of the program. Refer to the Rate Your Plate Grading Guidelines Rubric for specific grading information for this project – attached at the end of this document. The time required to complete the diet...
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...Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY Use of Theses This copy is the property of the Edith Cowan University. However the literary rights of the author must also be respected. If any passage from this thesis is quoted or closely paraphrased in a paper or written work prepared by the user, the source of the passage must be acknowledged in the work. If the use desires to publish a paper or written work containing passages copied or closely paraphrased from this thesis, which passages would in total constitute an infringing copy for the purposes of the Copyright Act, he or she must first obtain the written permission of the author to do so. USERS...
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...booklet is intended to help you to prepare for STEP examinations. It should also be useful as preparation for any undergraduate mathematics course, even if you do not plan to take STEP. The questions are all based on recent STEP questions. I chose the questions either because they are ‘nice’ – in the sense that you should get a lot of pleasure from tackling them – or because I felt I had something interesting to say about them. In this booklet, I have restricted myself (reluctantly) to the syllabus for Papers I and II, which is the A-level core (i.e. C1 to C4) with a few additions. This material should be familiar to you if you are taking the International Baccalaureate, Scottish Advanced Highers or other similar courses. The first two questions (the sample worked questions) are in a ‘stream of consciousness’ format. They are intended to give you an idea how a trained mathematician would think when tackling them. This approach is much too long-winded to sustain, but it should help you to see what sort of questions you should be asking yourself as you work through the later questions. I have given each of the subsequent questions a difficulty rating ranging from (∗) to (∗ ∗ ∗). A question labelled (∗) might be found on STEP I; a question labelled (∗∗) might be found on STEP II; a question labelled (∗ ∗ ∗) might be found on STEP III. But difficulty in mathematics is in the eye of the beholder: you might find a question difficult simply because you overlooked some key step, ...
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...Acids, bases and salts yl:chemistry FRANCINE TAYLOR-CAMPBELL Contributor YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: f Define acid, acid anhydride, base, alkali, salt, acidic, basic, amphoteric and neutral oxides f Relate acidity and alkalinity to the pH scale f Discuss the strengths of acids and alkalis on the basis of their completeness of ionisation f Investigate the reactions of non-oxidising acids with metals, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, bases f Investigate the reaction of bases with ammonium salts f Identify an appropriate method of salt preparation based on the solubility of the salt f Distinguish between acid salts and normal salts POINTS TO NOTE f Non-metals form acidic oxides, while metals form basic oxides. f Amphoteric oxides show both basic and acidic properties, while neutral oxides show neither. f Non-metallic oxides dissolve in water to form acids. f Metallic oxides are basic oxides and dissolve in water to form alkalis. f Acids combine with bases to form salt and water only. f Salts can be formed from the reaction of acids with carbonates, hydrogen-carbonates, alkalis and metals. f The pH of a substance indicates how acidic or basic (alkaline) its aqueous solution is. The pH scale goes from 0 - 14 with a pH less than 7 described as acidic and a pH greater than 7 described as basic or alkaline. One can use pH paper (litmus) or indicator solutions, such as methyl orange and phenolphthalein, to determine whether substances are alkaline...
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...Fighting for freedom PLEASE SEE LESSON ON PAGE 12 YOUTHLINK MAGAZINE | JANUARY 17-23, 2012 11 DEBBION HYMAN Contributor Major slave revolts yl:History OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: a) Identify the key figures in the Berbice (1763), Barbados (1816), Demerara (1823) and Jamaica (1831) revolts. b) Explain the causes of any three major slave revolts. c) Describe the nature and consequences of any three major slave revolts. BERBICE 1763 CAUSES a) Inhumane treatment by white personnel (such as managers, overseers, bookkeepers) of the enslaved population. b) Inadequate provisions for daily existences supplied on the estates – the enslaved population had meagre rations and whenever there were shortages they would be adversely affected. NATURE & CONSEQUENCES a) The revolt began on Plantation Magdalenburg on the Conje River on February 23, 1763. b) By March 1763, the revolt had spread to the Berbice River. The enslaved peoples were able to capture several plantations along the river and Coffy played an instrumental role in this area. c) Coffy committed suicide in May 1763 – the fight for freedom, however, still continued. d) The colony was controlled by blacks for 10 months, showing the active thrust by blacks to end the system of chattel slavery. John and St George. b) By April 15, 1816 there was the declaration of martial law - Bussa was killed during the fighting. More than 170 slaves were killed and more than 200 were excuted;...
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...to become inflamed. This can hamper the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air sacs. Pneumonia is one type of pneumonitis caused by an infection. There are several types of pneumonitis. They include: • Aspiration pneumonitis- occurs when you inhale (aspirate) foreign matter into your lungs. Stomach contents, such as ingested food or liquid, are a frequent cause of aspiration pneuomonitis. Accidental inhalation of small particles, such as tiny pieces of peanuts or vegetables, while swallowing is common in young children. • Chemical pneumonitis- is a type of aspiration pneumonitis that develops when you inhale chemicals that are toxic to your lungs. Industrial and household chemicals, such as chlorine gas, ammonia, solvents and pesticides can all cause chemical pneumonitis. • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis- is nicknamed “farmer’s lung,” “mushroom picker’s disease” and other colorful names with good reason. Dust from animal dander, molds and plants, all potential allergens, can provoke an inflammatory reaction in your lungs. Symptoms usually develop within six hours of exposure to the allergen. Some people are more susceptible to developing hypersensitivity pneumonitis than are others, although it’s not certain why. • Radiation pneumonitis. A few people who undergo radiation therapy for lung cancer, breast cancer, leukemia or lymphoma develop this type of pneumonitis. Taking some types of chemotherapy drugs during radiation treatment may increase your risk of developing...
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