...Vienna vs. Versailles Among the myriad peace settlements that various countries, even various great powers, have agreed upon throughout western history, two tend to stand head and shoulders above the rest: The Congress of Vienna in 1815, which ended the Napoleonic Wars—perhaps the first true “world war”; and the various Paris settlements which ended the first world war which is generally referred to as such in 1919, which I will call collectively the Versailles Treaty for convenience’s sake. Largely the same countries were the major players: France, Britain, and Russia took part in each settlement. Meanwhile, Germany and Austria, major players at Vienna, were excluded from the Versailles talks, as punishment for being the defeated and supposedly responsible party. Similarly, the United States was a major force in shaping the Versailles settlement, while a century before, it had stayed out of the Napoleonic conflict, and besides did not have enough power at that time to merit a major role at the table even if it had become involved. Nonetheless, the inherent similarity remains; both the Vienna and Versailles treaties were attempts by the major western powers to realign and redraw large portions of the world map in order to create a lasting peace. Both treaties were concerned with statecraft, either consolidating old entities into new ones, or breaking apart empires ostensibly in the name of nationalism, on a scale which no other treaty has attempted before or since. All this...
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...this to be changed?ritain adopted the policy of appeasement? reason thAT torians have argued that milirary am by-election showed the true anti-war). This gave Chancellor Adolf Hitler the perfect opportunity to expand Germany’s territories and get rid of the restrictions placed on Germany after the war. Therefore, Britain’s policy of appeasement aimed to please Germany in order to prevent further conflict, and after the horrific events of WW1 most of the British public supported this. With the horrors still fresh in the public’s mind it can be argued that British public opinion was the main reason as to why Britain adopted the policy of appeasement. However, there are other significant factors that contributed to the adoption of appeasement including economic difficulties, military weaknesses, threat of communism, lack of reliable allies, attitudes towards the Treaty of Versailles and concern for her empire. One reason for the introduction of appeasement is public opinion. After the Rhineland crisis in a debate in the House of Commons in March 1936, Sir Winston Churchill warned that the atmosphere in Europe had changed recently to the extent that war was being regarded as a serious responsibility. He also described the German occupation of the Rhineland as a menace to Holland, Belgium and France. With the horrors of WW1 still fresh in their minds people were reluctant to enter a second world war and after Guernica in April 1937 support for non-intervention increased as it was...
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...Cause? By: Britney Tang After the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, World War One has ended, but with the unhappiness of several countries, many did not know another war was going to hit. World War Two also known as the second world war, was a long and deadly war that lasted from 1939-1945. Many powerful countries got involved and was classified as the Axis powers and the Allies. The Axis powers included Germany, Italy and Japan while The soivent Union, China, France, Canada, Britain, U.S, etc was in the Allies. There are numerous causes to why World War Two occurred but the Treaty of Versailles was the main one that provoked one of the major countries, Germany. From there on; Nationalism, Hitler and the failure of the League of Nations arose....
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...The causes of the FIRST WORLD WAR 1_ The assassination at Sarajevo. (political murder) On 28th June Franz Ferdinand and his wife visited the Town of Sarajevo. The Archduke was the heir to the throne of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. As the car passed along the street, someone threw a bomb at it. The bomb bounced off the back of the car and exploded, injuring an officer in the car behind. The Archduke and his wife were unhurt. Later that day the Archduke said that he wanted to change his plans and visit the injured officer in hospital. He set off again by car, but the driver was not told the route had change. Some minutes later a man called Gavrilo Princip shot them and died. 2_ The great powers in 1914. If see the map the six most important and powerful countries in Europe were split into two armed groups. The triple Alliance. Central powers. Germany: was made up of many small states that had united and become one country only as recently as 1871. Otto von Bismarck, who was the Chancelor of the newly united Germany, firmly believed that all questions of the day could be solved by military strength by blood and iron. The stong national feeling in Germany and its wealth from industry made the Germans keen to play a leading part in world affairs. Kaiser Wilhelm II was impatient to make Germany the leading country in Europe. Austria-Hungary: the empire of Austria-Hungary was Germany´s oldest ally. German was the language of Government, but each group spoke its own language...
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...At the time, world war one had just finished and the Weimar republic was facing a lot of problems. I think Stresemann did bring a recovery however some may say he just papered over the crack which in some cases is very true. However, I think overall he did rescue Germany. I think this because he saved the economy from the hyperinflation; he signed the Dawes plan and sorted out the problems with the treaty of Versailles. However, some people may say he didn’t help Germany because the culture was changed completely and the country basically ran riot. Also, at the time that Stresemann was in charge, politicians were being killed and there were many revolts. In my essay I will argue both sides but finally come to my own conclusion. In 1922, the German government announced that they couldn’t pay anymore reparations to France due to the state of the economy. The country was in far too much debt. Of course the French were not happy and therefore sent 60,000 French and Belgian soldiers to the Ruhr. The government was hated already because a lot of people blamed them for signing the treaty in the first place which meant they had to pay reparations to France they couldn’t afford. The government told the workers at the Ruhr to refuse to collaborate with the French, consequently, the industrial production stopped. This caused a rise in unemployment and a rise in Poverty. The government decided to print more money to give to the workers but this was the worst decision they could have made...
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... * Is there anything good about the bad answer? Task Read both of the answers below and make notes on what makes the first answer “bad” and the second answer “good”. Things to think about: * Does it focus on the question? How do you know if it is focusing on the question? * Does it answer the question, e.g. does it focus on explanation or description, and does it come to a conclusion about which bullet point was most important? * Does it include irrelevant material, e.g. things which happened before or after the dates mentioned in the question? * Does the structure of the answer affect its quality? If so, how? * Is there anything good about the bad answer? Bad answer Hitler aimed to overturn the Treaty of Versailles, unite German speakers, conquer Lebensraum and defeat communism. In 1936 he marched his troops into the Rhineland. Britain and France could have stopped him but they didn’t because they were distracted by the Abyssinian Crisis and by their own economic problems. Then in March 1938 Hitler united Germany...
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...Israel and this % is rising.’ * ‘Zionism wants to strengthen and protect Jews and the State o What problems faced Palestine in 1945 Civil disruption.‘ * Large numbers of Jews wanted to go to Palestine.’ * ‘The US was supporting a state of Israel.’ * ‘Should immigration be allowed?’ * ‘Campaigns of violence by the Irgun.’ Why did Britain decide to hand Palestine over to the United Nations * ‘It did not want to stay.’ * ‘Because of the cost.’ * ‘There was violence.’ * ‘Because of its view of Zionism.’ * ‘The pressure from the Irgun.’ * ‘Because of the guerrilla campaign. Explains why * ‘At the end of the war Britain was under great pressure to change its policy and allow in survivors of the holocaust. They refused and this brought about violent protest.’ * ‘The Irgun deliberately attacked and killed British soldiers including the explosion at the King David Hotel. The violence from the Irgun was intended to persuade the British to leave.’ * ‘Because the Arabs continued to block any proposals regarding partition.’ * ‘The British were finding it too expensive to keep large numbers of troops there, especially having just fought a costly war.’ How far was the war of 1948-49 a success for Israel * It was as the Arab armies were forced to accept defeat.’ * ‘A Jewish state was established.’...
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...of people proclaiming violence is never the answer, armed conflict is the underlying foundation of why today (2015) a majority of the world is at peace and so many nations bear sovereignty. Despite heroes like Napoleon or Dwight D. Eisenhower securing national independence for their given Country, it came...
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...The rise to power of Adolf Hitler was not just some fluke of history, as many would have you believe. It was all part of a conspiracy planned out in advance by heads of multi national corporations, international bankers, and globalist politicians. The same forces that are behind the worldwide chaos we are witnessing now, were behind the rise of Hitler, and were directly responsible for World War II. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the most important causes that led to Hitler's rise in Germany. From the German point of view the treaty was incredibly harsh and devastating for Germany. The leaders of the allies drew up this treaty to purposely revenge and weaken Germany. The treaty contained five major points that would be Germany's demise. The first part was to revenge and weaken Germany. Many rules were laid down to Germany, which they had to obey. The German territory to the west of the Rhine would be occupied by allied troops for 15 years. The Germans did not like this because they did not want enemy troops in their own country. Even though the war was over they still hated the allies. Germany was not allowed to put any defences or troops on the east bank of the Rhine. This made Germany feel weak and vulnerable to invasion. They also hated the thought of a foreign president telling them what to do. Germany had to agree never to combine with Austria again. They had to strictly respect the independence of Austria. This was hard for both countries to accept as they both...
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...There was some movement on the Western front during these years though. The war began with movement by the Germans advancing throughout Belgium and France. Quickly though stalemate and trench warfare became the way of the war. Life in the trenches during the war varied between different fronts and sectors. But what was it really like for the men fighting in the trenches? Why were so many people unprepared for the outbreak of the war in 1914? The last time there had been such a huge conflict between nations dated back to the days of Napoleon. People did not expect one assassination to explode into a full-blown war. The conflicts between the initially involved nations had existed for many years, and it was assumed the assignation would merely lead to political, diplomatic negotiations. However, some argue that people were in fact prepared for the war. The only part that people didn’t expect was how the Germans attacked. When the Germans went through Belgium, this brought Great Britain into the war since they had ensured Belgium’s independence. Why did so many people expect a short war in 1914? Why wasn’t it short? Many world leaders felt the war would be over by Christmas. There was an overall misinterpretation of the new type of combat that was introduced in the Great War. Every war up until this point had been long, and I was believed that with advancing technology the war would be much faster. Unfortunately, while we were increasing our ability to kill others, we hadn’t...
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...kellog-briand pact. There are many key factors to how america was an isolationist country. Firstly, america rejected the league of nations.Americans viewed the nations of europe as conflict-prone and likely to become involved in both internal and external disputes which could draw in the united states into another war which america had very little interest in. Although Wilson had pushed hard for the us membership, oppisition from the us senate was significant. After learning about the cost and destruction of world war one, americans did not want the united states to become entangled in yet another european conflict which could lead to another, devastating war-100,000 soldiers had died in the First World War, and many Americans couldn't see why American soldiers should die keeping peace elsewhere in the world. In the 1920', organised labour believed cheap immigrant labour forced down wages, americans saw that basic industry was well developed and industrials didnt feel the need for masses of unskilled workers, more and more americans began to feel that americans from east and southern europe would never be truly american ad where therefore saw as inferior, finally radical policital movements and ideologys such as communism and socialism...
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...‘Appeasement Was Politically Popular But Thoroughly Misconceived.’ Discuss Appeasement is the policy of making concessions to dictatorial powers to avoid conflict, which is what the British government, in particular, Neville Chamberlain, hoped to do in the 1930s. He and his generation had witnessed after witnessing the horrors that war can bring. There are two parts to this question because it suggests that appeasement was both politically popular and misconceived, both of which can be disputed. However there is not too much conflict over its popularity at the time because most people believed that the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh and that another war was inconceivable after WW1 with a general feeling of ‘peace at any price.’ Whether it was misconceived or not has been argued by traditionalist and revisionist historians ever since. It is plausible to argue that Chamberlain’s policy of appeasement was naïve because, by giving in to Hitler’s demands, Britain would seem weak and make Hitler just want to push for more. Indeed this is exactly what happened at the Munich conference. Chamberlain was acting on the assumption that Hitler would honour his commitments and act in good faith. In this way Chamberlain and Lord Halifax, Foreign Secretary, showed that they came from a very different political and social background to Hitler and so were poorly equipped to make clear judgements on Hitler’s likely behaviour. Halifax wanted to believe that Hitler was a thoroughly changed...
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...America and the Evolution of the Great War Professor US History 18 January 2014 It was when Germany opposed all sanctions and took opposition by surprise in the year 1914 which initiated World War I. An additional key event that led to the start of the Great War was the murdering of the Austrian Duke and his beloved wife on June 1914 by a Bosnian opposition. This killing along with other significant events set the wheels in motion for a World War. Imperialism was true to its name as the British Empirical throne took over new lands, countries and there society. By the early years of 1900 the Empire has secured and extended over five different boundless continents. Other facets that participated to the revolution were that the French also had control of the African frontier. Elevated tensions with Germany began when the French and British began taking control of large neighboring limitless areas. Each nation tried to achieve some sense of a strong militia that would secure them from the elements of the world. Within the boundaries of a strong imperial army the militarism oppositions were given a high powering authority by the government. New world opportunities needed to be tapped into which included a rise of industrialism. The industrial wave has been eminent and new products and military ideas on weapons and strategies came to fruition. A new market of machines and a rise of authority were being conjured. The armies of both competitive oppositions of France and Germany...
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...What was the political climate in Germany pre Olympics in 1936? In world war one, Germany had together with the rest of the allies lost the bloody and long war, which resulted in an aggressive and harsh treaty of Versailles including massive reparations, loss of territory, disarmament, losing navy and other armed forces, loss of all colonies and loss of more than 10% of their land . Germany was left in ruins, poverty, anger, and unemployment. The high amount of reparations led to a Germany in high debt, needing to borrow money predominantly from the US to survive. She had no wealth to rebuild ruined buildings etc. The growing debt was resulting in inflation, which in the end resulted in quick hyperinflation, introducing the one billion-mark...
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...World War I Introduction World War One was a time of struggle for the World. A Time for Great Famine. Many factors lead to great tensions in Europe, sparking the need for a war. This war, otherwise known as 'The Great War', occurred in 1914 until 1918. It had many famous battles, such as The Battle Of The Somme, a battle of many casualties, especially for the British. The war was mainly fought between the members of the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the members of The Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, and Russia). Eventually, countries such as the USA joined in. Rivalries between countries, arguments over empires, an arms race are the causes of the European tensions that lead to the war. A cause thought to spark the war was the shooting of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, next in line to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian terrorist in Bosnia. This caused the World War One. This War was the fulfillment of the Prophecies spoken by our Lord Jesus Christ. As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately. “Tell us,” they said, “when will this happen, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” Jesus answered: “Watch out that no one deceives you. For many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am the Messiah,’ and will deceive many. You will hear of wars and rumors of wars, but see to it that you are not alarmed. Such things must happen, but the end is still to come. Nation will rise against...
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