...The Evolution of Wi-Fi Charles Williams Albert Acuna ISSC340 American Military University Abstract From the creation of the IEEE standard in 1997 to current times Wi-Fi has evolved dramatically over the years. An idea to provide connectivity to devices with the absence of cables was adopted globally. Each year brings about new ways of utilizing wireless technology. This study aims to cover Wi-Fi from inception to present day and prospects for the future. The Evolution of Wi-Fi What exactly is Wi-Fi? A popular misconception is that Wi-Fi stands for “wireless fidelity”, however, it can be described as, a technology that uses radio waves to provide internet and network connectivity. The Wi-Fi Alliance, a non-profit organization founded by six companies in 1999, defines Wi-Fi simply as “connectivity”, connectivity in a way that provides freedom and the ability to move about without being tethered by cables, or stuck at a workstation. Wi-Fi symbolizes the ability to transfer data from one source to the next via a wireless link. Any product that houses the radio technology 802.11, a standard that has received widespread adoption, is considered a wireless device. The standard was developed in 1997. Fathers of Wi-Fi With any popular invention or supposed novel idea controversy seems to always linger in the background. When we think of the printing press we think of Johannes Gutenberg, however roots of printing with movable type can be traced back 350 years before...
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...Wi-Fi is growing rapidly in mainstream America. It seems that everywhere I go, there is a sign posted offering "free Wi-Fi". Are these so-called "hotspots", as secure as they are handy? Or, are hackers somewhere lingering waiting to take advantage of some unsuspecting user. Although wireless networks are convenient, they may not necessarily be secure. I use Wi-Fi at home and it seems to work for my family and me. My main concern when it was purchased was speed. However, now that time has progressed, I have become quite concerned about its security. Through further research, I found that I some experts suggested that Wi-Fi is safe, secure, and needs only normal security settings. While some experts say that Wi-Fi poses great risks to one's internet security. A wireless network functions by sending information through radio waves. This makes it easier for someone to intercept. Piraters do not have to be near you to pick up and intercept a signal. One way I have found that this is often done is on wireless peer-to-peer networks. Which is mainly at those ever so convenient public hotspots. Frequent use of public hotspots promote very high security risks for PCs as well as personal information stored on the PC. Constant precautions have to be maintained when using a wireless connection. To start, a strong password comes highly recommended. As well as constant...
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...Make a wireless network faster There are many ways to improve Wi-Fi network speed, such as placing the router in the center of the area you want it to cover, keeping the router away from metal objects that could block the signal, or making sure there aren’t too many other radio-enabled devices broadcasting on a 2.4GHz signal, which is standard for a lot of older routers. Some other suggestions: 1. Check your speed. Checking the speed of the connection will let you know for sure whether or not your system is within range of the speed the ISP promised. A speed test is easy to find online. SpeedTest.net and TestMy.net are good sites to test one’s broadband speed. 2. Change the channel. If you have an older router, and its signal is seeming weaker than it should be, you can try manually adjusting the broadcast channel to find one with less number of wireless routers competing for space. If your router is newer and automatically chooses which channel to broadcast from, then you won’t get too much use out of pinning your wireless down to a single channel. How to change the channel: First, go into the router’s graphical user interface (GUI), by typing the router/gateway address into the address bar in a browser window while your computer is connected to the router’s wired or wireless network. The router’s address is usually found on the router itself, in the instruction manual, or online if all else fails. If you have a D-Link router, you’ll type http://192.168.0.1; if you have...
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...service provider, to enable Starbucks’ customers the ability to drink their coffee and eat their food while using their laptops, PDAs and other devices to access the Internet (Henderson, 2001, pg. 66). This Wi-Fi capability also enabled Starbucks’ managers and employees the ability to run the business and their specific locations more efficiently and effectively. As of 2003, Starbucks reported that they already offered wireless Internet service in most of their stores within the United States and plan to offer Wi-Fi in 2,700 locations by the end of 2003 (Hartnett, 2003, pg. 62). Wi-Fi’s Value-Added Benefits Starbucks is seeking the opportunity to, “keep butts in seats for the opportunity to serve up a second cup of Joe.” (Powell, 2003, para. 3.) Attracting customers is one of the primary concerns for any business. Offering wireless Internet connections within their locations enables Starbucks to attract customers in another manner, rather than the direct coffee and snack avenue, while simultaneously keeping their customers in the locations longer than normal. Starbucks not only views the Wi-Fi introduction into their locations as a way to keep their customers coming in, but also as a way to operate their business more efficiently. Starbucks is utilizing the Wi-Fi capabilities to allow their employees, especially store managers, to access applications and databases to streamline hiring, sales, inventory handling and various other tasks to enable managers to work more...
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...The Future for Super Wi-Fi By Chris Riley What the heck is super Wi-Fi anyway? First let us explore the history of wireless communications. In 1747, Benjamin Franklin proposed that electricity could move through air. In 1819, Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted noted that a compass needle moved in the presence of an electrical field. Michael Faraday demonstrated the first electromagnetic induction and built the first direct current generator in 1831. In 1865 and again in 1873, famed Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell published multiple papers regarding electromagnetics. Alexander Graham Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter invented the photophone in 1880. The photophone was a telephone that conducted audio conversations wirelessly over modulated light beams, which required a direct line of sight. In 1885 Thomas Edison used a vibrator magnet for induction transmission. In 1891 he filed a wireless patent for the signal system and method using inductance he applied to the Lehigh Valley Railroad system he established in 1888. In the meantime, Henrich Hertz demonstrated the existence of electromagnetic waves with an oscillator. Then came what is perhaps the most debated topic in wireless history, the invention of the radio. WiFi has easily been one of the most useful technologies of the past decade so many of our daily tasks and the devices we use rely on it, and it’s on the verge of getting a whole lot better. First, it's not as new as it might sound...
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...Case Study: Economic Analysis of Gogo’s In-flight Wi-Fi November 2, 2015 Introduction Gogo pioneered and now dominates the in-flight Wi-Fi business, which allows passengers to access the Internet during their flights. In recent years, consumers have grown from anticipation to dislike towards Gogo’s services due to its steady increase in fees and rapid decrease in speed. Through a dynamic pricing strategy they hope to relieve congestion which indeed have effect, but will not last in the fierce competition of an oligopoly market structure. Unlike its monopolistic position before, Gogo now faces at least three companies—ViaSat, Global Eagle Entertainment, and Panasonic— swiftly eroding its market share with cheaper and faster in-flight Wi-Fi services using satellites instead of antennas. Gogo’s own next-generation technology 2Ku, to come online in 2016, uses satellites that hopefully would achieve better prices with higher speed. To analyze the market for in-flight Wi-Fi and the pricing strategies of Gogo, our paper will discuss five core areas: The price elasticity of demand for Gogo’s service, and how it varies with price levels The market structure Gogo is operating in Its dynamic pricing How the demand for in-flight Wi-Fi has changed over time, technological changes over the past 15-20 years that has affected demand Technological factors that affect supply, how congestion affects pricing and our recommendation Price Elasticity of Demand...
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...Interference Mitigation in WiFi Networks using Multi-sector Antennas Henrik Lundgren† , Anand Prabhu Subramanian‡ , Theodoros Salonidis† , Marianna Carrera† , Pascal Le Guyadec† † Thomson, Paris, France ‡ Stony Brook University, New York, USA ABSTRACT Sectorized antennas provide an attractive solution to increase wireless network capacity through interference mitigation. Despite their increasing popularity, the real-world performance characteristics of such antennas in dense wireless mesh networks are not well understood. We demonstrate our multi-sector antenna prototypes and their performance through video streaming over an indoor wireless network in the presence of interfering nodes. We use our graphical tool to vary the sender, receiver, and interferer antenna configurations and the resulting performance is directly visible in the video quality displayed at the receiver. Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Network Architecture and Design]: Wireless Communication; C.4 [Performance of Systems]: Measurement Techniques We have developed a demonstrator that complements our previous measurement campaigns [3, 4] and its primary goal is to demonstrate the operation, the challenges, and the resulting performance of sectorized antennas in real-world dense 802.11 wireless mesh networks. We have designed a four-sector antenna [2] for operation in the 5GHz band with off-the-shelf 802.11 wireless cards. We equip a number of wireless nodes with these antennas and...
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...Wi-FiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search For the radio station, see WIFI (AM). Wi-Fi logoWi-Fi ( /ˈwaɪfaɪ/, also spelled Wifi or WiFi) is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards".[1] However, since most modern WLANs are based on these standards, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in general English as a synonym for "WLAN". A device that can use Wi-Fi (such as a personal computer, video game console, smartphone, tablet, or digital audio player) can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (65 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can comprise an area as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves or as large as many square miles — this is achieved by using multiple overlapping access points. "Wi-Fi" is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and the brand name for products using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Only Wi-Fi products that complete Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certification testing successfully may use the "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED" designation and trademark. Wi-Fi has had a checkered security...
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...Wi-Fi ( /ˈwaɪfaɪ/, also spelled Wifi or WiFi) is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards".[1] However, since most modern WLANs are based on these standards, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in general English as a synonym for "WLAN". A device that can use Wi-Fi (such as a personal computer, video game console, smartphone, tablet, or digital audio player) can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (65 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can comprise an area as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves or as large as many square miles — this is achieved by using multiple overlapping access points. "Wi-Fi" is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and the brand name for products using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Only Wi-Fi products that complete Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certification testing successfully may use the "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED" designation and trademark. Wi-Fi has had a checkered security history. Its earliest encryption system, WEP, proved easy to break. Much higher quality protocols, WPA and WPA2, were...
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...same place at time of surfing on internet again and again so, besides using cable for internet they use router so that they can create Wi-Fi at their place use it from any corner of their place. Wi-Fi is mainly useful because we can use Wi-Fi network while moving within the signal range at office or home. Wi-Fi allows cheaper deployment of local area networks (LANs). Also spaces where cables cannot be run, such as outdoor areas and historical buildings, can host wireless LANs. Wi-Fi setup and configuration is easy than cabling process, you can add any number of Wi-Fi clients without hassles and moving to other location also easy. Wi-Fi allows managing or communicating network without laying cabals, it can reduce the cost of cables laying charges. But main problem about Wi-Fi is that, Wi-Fi is also available to our neighbor, we can protect Wi-Fi by assigning a password to Wi-Fi. As I say earlier there are lots of information available on internet even if you “google” for hacking Wi-Fi you will get dozen of site which give information about how to hack password protected Wi-Fi? With help of this information any non-technical person also can hack the Wi-Fi easily. So, there is need to develop the system which can detect and trace the people who take an access of Wi-Fi in unauthorized manner. Even also in big firm if some one using their Wi-Fi in unauthorized manner then that guy can still secret information about that firm which affect the reputation of that firm and it also leads...
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...literally two months away from now? But is everything we do in this advance world safe? Keeping up with the Future I have done some research on the similarities and differences between wired and wireless networks. I have learned what it takes to set up a network and some of the challenges of using the networks. I have also realized how much the wireless network has grown in the past 5 years. Ethernet vs. Wireless in todays’ World Ethernet would be referred to as your wired home network or your land line. The wireless network would be most commonly addressed as a Wi-Fi network system. Both the Ethernet and Wi-Fi connect you to internet services. However; the Ethernet service is much faster than the Wi-Fi service of speeds more than 1000 Mbps. The cost of the Ethernet network is much more expensive than the Wi-Fi because you have the coaxial cables that have to be installed all around the networks as opposed to Wi-Fi which is very easy to set up and the cost of setting up is very low. There are some pros and cons to having one connection over the other. The pros in Ethernet are more reliable, faster connection and transfers data at super speeds. On the other hand the pro of wireless network gives you more freedom to be mobile with no cables to connect even though its speed is a bit slower than...
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...Wireless Fidelity, or Wi-Fi, exploding in popularity, companies and even some whole localities are increasingly providing access to the public. Due to its popularity, varieties of businesses are exploring their options to stay relevant and attract customers. Airports, train stations, grocery stores and other public locations are offering free Wi-Fi in hopes to lure the consumer to purchase their products. Free public Wi-Fi facilitates a lengthier customer relationship and offers a competitive advantage against other local coffee shops offering the same consumables. The accessibility that retail companies have offered to their customers allows for easy and convenient access to the internet. Background Information Wi-Fi is radio-wave technology known as IEEE 802.11b. Wi-Fi has an inexpensive installation and runs with speeds up to 11Mbps. An existing local area network, LAN, needs to exist to install wireless access points. The advantages are the mobility it allows, ability for multiple devices to quickly access with or without authenticating, higher speeds than wired access, and installation costs. The disadvantages include the need for multiple wireless access points to increase signal strength in large areas, narrow area of space that the wireless signal reaches, connection hiccups and the weak security points of having a public network. There is currently minimal security offered directly by the internet provider. Literature Findings Current State Wi-Fi is still currently...
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...AT&T Headquartered in Oakton, VA, AT&T Government Solutions is a long-standing, trusted source of information technology solutions for the federal government, integrating unmatched network resources and IT managed solutions expertise with innovative technologies from AT&T Labs and a complementary team of industry-leading technology companies. Best known for network leadership in voice, data, video, and managed services, AT&T is a proven solutions integrator, with professional service expertise in enterprise architecture, business transformation, knowledge management, training, program management, systems engineering and security. More than 4,000 scientists, engineers and analysts – many with security clearances – focus exclusively on the IT requirements of government, with support from tens of thousands of professionals throughout the AT&T family of companies. Externally evaluated as a Software Engineering Institute - Capability Maturity Model Integration (SEI-CMMI) Level-3 organization and an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2008, AT&T has the proven processes and procedures in place to deliver on time, on budget, with quality service. 1. Leadership Enterprise Management solutions from AT&T are designed to optimize the efficiency and availability of network services and mission applications. Enterprise Management process tools, implemented throughout your IT organization, can help your agency: * Increase automation...
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...SECURING WI-FI ROGUE ACESS WITHIN AN ENTERPRISE SETTING Securing Wi-Fi Rogue Access within an Enterprise Setting Daniel Joel Clark A Capstone Presented to the Information Technology College Faculty of Western Governors University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Information Security Assurance January 9, 2014 1 SECURING WI-FI ROGUE ACESS WITHIN AN ENTERPRISE SETTING 2 A1 - Abstract Since 1999 wireless devices have become a necessity in enterprises. While increasing convenience, connectivity, and productivity, they also pose an unprecedented threat to network security guarding, which has literally taken to the airwaves. This paper will deal with vulnerabilities and risks regarding access points (APs) in a wireless network (WLAN) connecting to a wired local area network (LAN) in enterprises. Data for this paper will come from published academic papers, industry publications including white papers and surveys, and industry specialists. It will also include definitions of terms, policy and procedures that affect access points, and current practices regarding rogue APs. A case study will be presented for a fictional enterprise with multiple locations that has standard procedures, policies, and protocols in place, but recent events have questioned their ability to control access points with the discovery of rogue devices hidden in several office locations. Industry warnings about access points span the...
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... Can We Sniff WI-Fi?: Implications of Joffe v. Google Google collected information between 2007 and 2010 both in us and oversees. In 2010 a law suit was filed against google for violating the federal wiretap act. Among the first of the cases to rule on intercepting unsecured Wi-Fi communications. As of today our society has become so dependent on using Wi-Fi communications for various aspects of our lives, there is a parallel expectation of privacy. At the same time there are so many people or users out there who don’t understand how Wi-Fi technology works, if their information is secure, whether there privacy is violated or if the government has the right law in place to protect them. The fact that users do not fully understand Wi-Fi technology and the shortcomings of current security mechanisms is not a justification to violate their privacy, but instead to call on the government to enact or amend the Federal Wiretap Act (FWA) to reflect their reasonable expectations. Clear statutory protections will allow for the continued progression of Wi-Fi technology. Society’s dependency on Wi-Fi networks and public hotspots both economically and personally requires expansion of the FWA to ensure national uniformity. Essentially, the court found that even though Wi-Fi networks do transmit data using radio waves, the uses of Wi-Fi technology are progressing to the point where users may not fully understand the risks of operating on an unsecured Wi-Network. Data and communications...
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