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中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析

锐勤资本集团 www.origincapital.com.au
2012 年 1 月

中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析

内容大纲
一、概要 ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 二、酒业数据概览 ........................................................................................................................................... 2 葡萄生产情况 ........................................................................................................................................... 2 葡萄酒生产情况 ....................................................................................................................................... 4 进口葡萄酒与国内市场 ........................................................................................................................... 4 出口情况 ................................................................................................................................................... 4 三、现在是收购或投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业的最佳时机 ............................................................................... 5 四、澳大利亚葡萄酒庄寻找投资者的原因 ................................................................................................... 6 五、中国投资澳大利亚葡萄业的需要考虑的问题 ....................................................................................... 6 投资方式 ................................................................................................................................................... 6 投资过程中需要考虑的问题 ................................................................................................................... 7 六、中国企业对澳洲葡萄酒业的现有投资以及潜在机会 ........................................................................... 8

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中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析
一、概要
澳大利亚出产的葡萄酒品质优良。 目前葡萄产量过剩,预计这种情况短期内还将继续。 全球葡萄酒供应量高导致市场竞争十分激烈: 由于澳元居高不下、全球供给过剩、以及主要出口市场英、美受经济影响增长缓慢,澳 大利亚出口市场面临困境; 散装葡萄酒出口比重不断增长,也促进了葡萄和葡萄酒价格的下降; 走高的澳元以及日渐增长的国际竞争导致进口葡萄酒在本地市场的份额由三、四年前的 5% 上升到目前的 20%。 葡萄酒产业小而散的特性表明行业整合的时机已经成熟。在澳洲酒厂总计有 2500 家。 很多酒厂与葡萄园收入平平、盈利萎缩,苦苦挣扎。 零售连锁以及联合销售组织不断压低进价,并向酒厂、经销商收取更高的促销费用。 中澳自由贸易协定如果达成很有可能在未来降低关税。 债务与股权资本难以募集。 酒厂与葡萄园的现价大大低于 2007 年水平。 拥有投资资本以及澳洲高档葡萄酒分销渠道的中国的葡萄酒企业以及投资机构有机会在澳洲完 成高度成功的收购。

二、酒业数据概览
葡萄生产情况 澳洲葡萄酒国际声誉良好,质优价廉,全澳共有 40 余个不同的商业酿酒葡萄品种。 澳洲产葡萄酒口味齐全,无论是芳香浓郁的红酒还是果味柔润的白酒,无论是木桶醸还是非木 桶醸的霞多丽(Chardonnay),从起泡酒、甜点酒,到加烈强化葡萄酒,应有尽有。 澳洲葡萄生产主要集中在东南各州。
2010 财年 南澳 新南威尔士州 维多利亚州 西澳 昆士兰 塔斯马尼亚州 堪培拉 北领地 全澳总计 锐勤资本集团 产量比重 47.7% 28.9% 18.5% 4.3% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 葡 萄 产 量 (吨) 730,628 442,608 284,055 66,467 1,451 7,388 648 1,533,245 红酒比重 66% 43% 49% 40% 60% 48% 50% 红酒葡萄产量 (吨) 482,262 192,151 139,476 26,675 869 3,547 324 845,304 红葡萄酒产量 比重 57.1% 22.7% 16.5% 3.2% 0.1% 0.4% 0.0% 100% 2

中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析
澳洲葡萄产量预计将在 2012 财年提高 10%,产量将增至 165 万吨,但预计价格将略有下降。预 计 2013 财年葡萄产量将小幅上涨,增至约 170 万吨。澳大利亚出产各种品种的高品质葡萄,大部分 产酒地区都出产优质的红酒葡萄,特别是南澳的 Coonawarra、the Clare、Barossa、McClaren Valleys, 新州的猎人谷(Hunter Valley)以及西澳的 Margaret River 等地。

最常见的葡萄为设拉子(Shiraz),约占全澳酿酒葡萄种植面积的 30%(占红酒葡萄种植总面积 的 46%);其次是霞多丽(Chardonnay),约占总种植面积的 18%(占白酒葡萄种植总面积的 47%),再次是赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon),约占 17%(占红酒葡萄面积的 28%)。 过去十年中,红酒葡萄价格下跌过半,白酒葡萄价格亦降低近三分之一。 全澳著名产酒地区各具特色葡萄品种: 猎人谷(Hunter Valley):设拉子(Shiraz)、赛美蓉(Semillon)及霞多丽(Chardonnay) Yarra Valley:起泡酒(Sparkling Wines)、霞多丽(Chardonnay)、 黑皮诺(Pinot Noir) Tamar Valley:黑皮诺(Pinot Noir)、霞多丽(Chardonnay)、雷司令(Riesling)及长相思 (Sauvignon Blanc) Coonawarra:设拉子(Shiraz)及赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon) McClaren Vale:设拉子(Shiraz)、歌海娜(Grenache)、赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)及 霞多丽(Chardonnay) Barossa Valley:设拉子(Shiraz)、雷司令(Riesling)及赤霞珠(Cabernets) Clare Valley:设拉子(Shiraz)、雷司令(Riesling)、霞多丽(Chardonnay)、赛美蓉 (Semillon)及赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon) Margaret River:设拉子(Shiraz)及赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon) (注:赤霞珠亦称解百纳)
锐勤资本集团 3

中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析
葡萄酒生产情况 全澳共约 2500 家酒庄; 全澳 13 家最大酒庄压榨约 70%的澳洲葡萄总产量; 2010 财年共产葡萄 1,533,246 吨; 2010 财年共产葡萄酒 11.42 亿升; 2010 财年葡萄酒业总营业额约 43 亿澳元,其中包括 21 亿澳元的本地销售及 22 亿澳元的 出口销售。 预计澳洲葡萄酒业将继续面临强有力的国内及出口市场竞争。 2011 财年,全澳收获葡萄 160 万吨,相当于约 12 亿升葡萄酒产量,再加上大量的葡萄酒库存 (截止 2011 年 6 月库存总量达 17 亿升),因此,截止 2011 年 6 月,制酒商的葡萄酒库存可供超过 两年销售(年销售量 12.8 亿升,其中包括 7.55 亿升出口)。持续的过度供应导致整个葡萄酒业不断 加大促销、折扣力度。 进口葡萄酒与国内市场 进口葡萄酒与国内市场 葡萄酒 由于澳元走高以及葡萄、葡萄酒的过量产出,国内市场竞争显著加剧。价格低廉的进口葡萄酒 商品从约三年前仅 5%的全澳本地市场份额猛增至如今的 20%。2010 财年进口葡萄酒价值共计约 4.6 亿澳元。 除此之外,来自零售连锁与联合销售组织的价格压力也不容小觑,同时,缴纳的产品推广、促 销的费用也在增长。 出口情况 出口情况 澳大利亚葡萄酒产量平均约三分之二用于出口,因此,面对出口市场国的经济变化,澳葡萄酒 行业脆弱不堪。全球经济放缓对澳洲葡萄酒业产生不利影响,澳元走高亦使得澳洲酒价格竞争力下 降。除此之外,还有来自诸如智利、阿根廷等“新世界”生产商的日益增加的竞争压力。 2010 财年出口量与 2007 年约 8 亿升的高出口量基本持平,然而收入却大幅缩减;相比 2007 财 年约 30 亿澳元的销售收入,2010 财年只有 22 亿,降低约 25%。低价散装酒出口份额的增长也对葡 萄价格及葡萄酒出口价格产生十分不利的压力。2011 财年葡萄酒出口总量 47%都是散装酒,而 10 年 前这一比重仅 13%;以价格计算,则 2011 财年散装酒约占葡萄酒总出口额的 17%,相比之下,2001 财年这一数字仅为 4%。显然这一趋势影响了 2007 财年至 2010 财年的葡萄酒销售收入与销量的比值, 散装酒平均售价约为每升 0.82 澳元至 1.04 澳元,而瓶装酒则是每升 3.47 澳元至 4.41 澳元。 澳洲最大的两个出口市场是英国和美国,预计这两个市场未来增长十分有限。同时,强劲的澳 币以及充足的全球供应预示着:近期内对澳大利亚葡萄酒的国际需求不太可能增加。在欧洲、英国 和美国,澳大利亚葡萄酒的销售已经被南美(特别是阿根廷和智利)葡萄酒削弱。而中国市场是唯 一的例外。 澳大利亚葡萄酒出口的亮点是中国市场,以出口量与出口额计算,目前中国市场仅次于英、美 及加拿大三国,位居澳洲出口市场第四。其中 2010 财年英、美约占总出口量 63%,加拿大约占 6.5%, 中国则占 6.1%。而从全球市场来看,中国已经与 2011 年超越了英国,成为全球第五大葡萄酒消费市 场,前四名分别是法国、美国、意大利与德国。
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锐勤资本集团

中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析
澳大利亚出口中国的葡萄酒平均价格每升 5.85 澳元,相比之下,出口英国与美国的价格则分别 是 3.49 澳元及 3.43 澳元,这一比较反应了出口中国的品牌更为高档。2011 财年,澳大利亚出口中 国的均价超过每升 10 澳元的葡萄酒量上升 61%,达 3 百万升。 澳洲葡萄酒对中国出口额从 2001 财年的 200 万澳元猛增至 2011 财年的 1.85 亿澳元,虽然如此, 澳洲仍然只是对华出口葡萄酒第二大国,远落后于法国。澳洲对华出口葡萄酒的 90%是红酒,这与 中国葡萄酒市场红酒约 85%的销售份额基本吻合。2011 财年澳对华红酒出口增长 29%,而白酒出口 则下降 10%。澳大利亚葡萄酒主宰了中国葡萄酒 300—400 元人民币(约 47—63 澳元)这一价格区 间的市场,而更高价位葡萄酒市场法国则占据领先地位。

三、现在是收购或投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业的最佳时机
澳大利亚葡萄酒业目前面临着一些问题: 葡萄产出过剩; 预计澳洲葡萄产出还将继续增长,但价格持续下跌; 大量的葡萄酒库存; 无论本地还是海外的葡萄酒市场都竞争激烈; 澳币走高,使得澳洲葡萄酒出口下降、进口增加(然而,显然这也增加了投资成本); 收入平平、盈利萎缩; 虽然如美誉葡萄酒(Accolade Wines)和财富酒业(Treasury Wine Estates)这样的巨头占据 主宰地位,但澳大利亚共计约有 2500 家酒厂,存在产业整合的机会; 葡萄酒资产价格下滑,据报道澳洲葡萄园价格自 2008 年来下跌 50%。自 2010 年来,澳大 利亚葡萄园价格下跌 11%;在法国的波尔多(Boardeaux),葡萄园价格下跌 14%;在美国 加州的纳帕谷(Napa Valley)葡萄园价格下跌 25%。(数据来源:莱坊[Knight Frank]地产中 介咨询,及花旗私人银行[Citi Private Bank]财富报告)。 投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业的其它积极因素包括: 澳大利亚葡萄品质优、生产技术先进; 稳定的经营环境; 优质的红酒葡萄品种丰富,其中设拉子(Shiraz)是最为常见的品种,约占葡萄产量的 26%, 占葡萄种植面积的 30%; 中国消费者对红酒的亲睐; 中国是世界上增长最快的葡萄酒消费市场; 进口葡萄酒在中国市场所占比例仍然较低,但是预计会显著增长; 澳大利亚距离中国相对较近; 中澳自由贸易协定的前景,目前中国进口葡萄酒的关税征收标准为 2 立升以下包装 14%,2 立升以上包装 20%; 根据 2011 年 1 月的政策,金额低于 2.31 亿澳元且收购股权低于 15%的投资无需经过澳洲外 国投资审查委员会(FIRB)批准。 综上所述,现在收购葡萄酒资产的价格远远低于 3 年以前。如果收购方能够迅速引入销售渠道, 提高现有基础设施的使用率,那么盈利性也将上升。

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中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析
四、澳大利亚葡萄酒庄寻找投资者的原因
市场竞争激烈,盈利萎缩,小酒庄难于获得银行贷款或股权投资,除了中国以外的其它出 口市场低靡; 寻求对中国等增长市场的销售渠道; 通过开发新市场提高高档产品的销售量,利用剩余的生产力,提高设备使用率,从而最终 提升盈利性; 因此与中国企业合作,或出售股权给中国投资者为很多澳大利亚葡萄酒企业提供了走出困境的 解决方案。

五、中国投资澳大利亚葡萄业的需要考虑的问题 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄业的需要考虑的问题
对澳大利亚葡萄园或葡萄酒庄的最佳投资者是拥有澳洲品牌或联合品牌葡萄酒分销渠道的中国 葡萄酒企业,以及拥有分销渠道的投资机构。 中国投资者一般希望通过投资能够获得稳定的葡萄酒供应、获得优质澳大利亚品牌或推出联合 品牌、获得特定葡萄酒的生产能力(如设拉子、长相思、黑皮诺等中国目前的生产水平尚显不足)、 以及推广在中国受到推崇的葡萄酒品种(如赤霞珠、霞多丽、梅洛、麝香等)。 投资方式 投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业的常见方式包括新建葡萄园及酒庄、全盘或部分收购现有酒庄及签订长 期供应合同等。每一种投资方式都有其优缺点,适合不同的投资者。最主要的考虑因素包括资金能 力、管理能力、是否需要控股、看重投资回报还是产品供应、对投资要求入地区或葡萄品种等是否 有严格界定。 以下表格对各种投资方式的优缺点及适合的投资者进行了归纳。 模式 优点 新建葡萄园及 • 可以根据具体投资要求选 酒厂 择最适合的地点、规模、 生产设备 • 可以根据需要设计功能性 设施,如品酒厅、高级餐 馆、宴会厅等 • 与收购现有酒庄相比,无 商誉支出 收购少数股权 • 投资成本及风险较低 • 可通过投资了解行业知识 和管理经验 • 除了正常的投资回报,还 可获得其他战略利益,比 如优惠的长期供应合同, 以及酒庄在提高效益、扩 大规模后实现的价值提升 等 • 通常拥有对其他股权的优 先购买权
锐勤资本集团

适合投资者 缺点 适合投资者 • 前期投入大,有可能比收 • 对 土 地 、 生 产 设 购现有酒庄成本更高 施、产 品、 园区 用 • 建设、回本周期长 途等有 严格要求, • 寻找适合的土地及管理团 且具备 一定当地 管 队的时间成本可能较高 理经验的投资者

• 没有商业决策权(产品品 • 财务投资者 质、产量、成本、员工、 • 具备市 场销售渠 道 营销、工资、分红等) 的投资者 • 在发展战略和目标方面可 能与现有控股股东不一致

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中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析
成立合资企业 • 与收购控股股权相比前期 • 没有绝对决策权 • 具备较 强市场销 售 投入较低 • 合资双方可能有不同的战 渠道的投资者 • 可获得行业知识和管理经 略和目标 • 具备一 定生产、 管 验,同时保留对原所有人 • 合资双方在管理经验、投 理、销 售经验的 投 的激励作用 资额和销售渠道方面可能 资者, 如现有的 葡 • 合资双方分享权力和利益 不对等 萄酒生产商 • 在文化和管理方式方面的 差异可能导致合作不畅 收购多数/全部 • 拥有控制权和决策权 • 较高的资本投入及风险 • 具备较完善的生 股权 • 可以通过保留少数股权或 • 对于海外投资者来讲监 产、管 理、 销售 经 是其他激励机制留任原所 管成本较高 验的投 资者,如 大 有人/管理团队 型葡萄酒生产商、 • 可以立即参与澳大利亚及 • 已有葡 萄酒投资 经 国际葡萄酒市场 验的财务投资者 建立战略联盟/ • 无须资本投入 • 供应合同到期后将面临不 • 对 产 品 品 质 、 品 长期采购协议 • 在目前葡萄过剩的市场条 确定性 牌、供 应量及价 格 件下可获得较优惠的供应 • 葡萄过剩的局面结束后价 要求稳 定、 但是 资 合同 格可能上涨 金能力 有限的葡 萄 • 由于可以打入中国市场、 酒贸易商/经销商 增加销量、降低经营风险 且提高国际知名度,因此 深受澳大利亚葡萄酒庄的 欢迎 无 固 定 供 应 • 无须资本投入 • 在品质、品牌、供应量方 • 做低端 产品、对 价 商,逢低采购 • 只采购最低价格的产品, 面存在较大的不稳定性和 格敏感 的葡萄酒 贸 采购成本低 不确定性 易商/经销商 • 可根据市场条件随时更换 • 可能需要经常性地寻找/ 供应商 更换低价供应商并谈判采 购合同,交易成本较高

投资过程中需要考虑的问题 虽然澳大利亚盛产优质葡萄酒,但是如果做了错误的投资决策,投资者还是会损失惨重。因此 做好投资前的准备工作对于降低风险和成功收购非常重要。 投资者需要对澳大利亚及国际葡萄酒业有充分的了解。正如前面所述,澳大利亚葡萄酒业正面 临着本地市场过剩和国际市场低靡的双重打击。行业分散的格局为整合提供了充分的条件。 拥有投资资本以及分销渠道的中国的葡萄酒企业以及投资机构有机会在澳洲完成高度成功的收 购,而现在就是行动的最佳的时机。 投资的主要流程包括: 1. 前期工作 了解澳大利亚本地事宜,包括法规、税务、市场、商业模式等; 了解澳大利亚葡萄酒行业、葡萄的供应以及宏观经济因素对本行业的影响; 确定投资标准,如规模、葡萄品种、产品定位、投资模式等; 选择投资的地区,产地对葡萄酒质量和口感影响很大;
锐勤资本集团 7

中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析
聘请合适的顾问,好的顾问可以协助制定最佳的收购价格、实施充分的尽职调查,以确保 收购过程的顺利以及收购结果的成功。 2. 目标分析 分析现有的葡萄酒企业,评估收购机会; 在选定收购目标后研究其驱动因素,包括现有的分销协议、盈利率、以及投资后潜在的价 值升值及协同效应; 了解葡萄的供应和质量,制定葡萄供应战略,包括自产葡萄以及外购葡萄的平衡、预测中 期葡萄价格、葡萄品种比例等,以确保葡萄的供应成本能够支持酒庄的长期生产盈利目标。 如果有外购葡萄,还需要确保有适当的采购管理系统,以及与种植者的采购协议等; 评估现有的管理团队质量,以及投资方与现有管理团队是否能够融洽合作以实现企业整体 目标; 制定长期战略,包括可能的退出计划; 估算一个价格区间,在该范围内可以实现对目标的收购,同时投资者可以获得合理的投资 回报。 3. 实施收购 与现有股东就销售/购买合同条款进行谈判; 进行充分的尽职调查,包括: o 财务方面,确认现有分销协议的盈利率,以及对历史财务数据和今后财务预测进行分析; o 法律方面,包括销售/购买合同、高管聘任合同等重要合同; o 经营方面,包括: 现有生产设施的质量及效率; 是否有剩余生产能力能被利用于供应中国市场; 是否存在扩大规模的潜力; 销售渠道和营销方式; 现有的分销协议,包括与国内和国际分销商的关系以及分析销售和库存报告; 现有的顾客情况,对澳大利亚零售商和联合销售组织以及低成长出口市场的依赖程 度; 灌溉、水源及用水成本。 4. 收购后的管理 无论是部分还是全盘收购,使用当地管理团队都非常重要。购买酒庄后必须要有当地专家参与, 尤其是在酒庄管理上,才能保持酒的品质和品牌。因此需要建立一个有效的沟通系统,保证与当地 管理团队或其他股东的良好合作,实现企业的长期发展。

六、中国企业对澳洲葡萄酒业的现有投资以及潜在机会
近两年澳大利亚葡萄酒业吸引了不少海外投资者的注意,尤其是来自中国的投资者。中国市场 对葡萄酒的需求增长是主要推动力。 近期的一些投资案例包括:

锐勤资本集团

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中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析 中国投资澳大利亚葡萄酒业分析
(澳洲)飞马公司(Pegasus Corp)属中国某食品酒类多元化加工制造私营公司,飞马投资 一千万澳元购买西澳 Great Southern 及 Margaret River 两地区的葡萄酒制造商 Ferngrove 共 计 60%的股份。Ferngrove 基地位于 Frankland River,生产能力 7000 吨,压榨能力 3500 吨, 其大部分产出主要供应散装酒市场。该公司即将在 Margaret River 的 Caves Road 新开一间品 酒厅。目前 Ferngrove 旗下有三个品牌的葡萄酒产品:Ferngrove、Leaping Lizard、以及最近 购得的 Killerby。飞马则将于 8 月在中国大陆为 Ferngrove 产品开设 10 间商店,据报道飞马 还计划开设更多商店。 威士顿葡萄酒公司(Winston Wines)总部设在中国厦门,自 2007 年起开始进口澳大利亚葡 萄酒,其在大陆拥有共计 60 间商店,曾以 280 万澳元价格从猎人谷的金葡萄酒厂(Golden Grape winery)购入 15 英亩葡萄园、一间品酒厅、一个葡萄酒博物馆(含澳洲最老的葡萄 酒出版社),以及一间餐馆。威士顿还正在协商以 150 万澳元外加股份的条件购买 Capercaillie , 威 士 顿 将 获 得 5 公 顷 ( 12 英 亩 ) 葡 萄 园 , 内 种 植 有 霞 多 丽 、 琼 瑶 浆 (Traminer)、山姆山(Chambourcin)及味而多(Petit Verdot)等品种的葡萄。据报道, 威士顿还购买了另一家澳洲酒厂。 Bird in Hand 是一家总部位于 Adelaide Hills 的酒厂,日前与中国进口商、大连澳豪贸易有限 公司旗下的 Auspride 葡萄酒会员俱乐部展开合作,将在大陆开设两间门店。 来自维州 Mornington Peninsular 的 Yabby Lake 与广州沃河酒业有限公司展开合作,计划在广 东省开设 7 间商店,据悉双方还计划再多开 3 间。

锐勤集团目前正在帮助投资者审查 3 个葡萄酒庄的收购机会,包括: 一家私营酒厂,在西澳、维州及南澳拥有葡萄园,生产高质量、大品牌葡萄酒,旗下拥有 4 间酒庄,一间在维州,其余在西澳,年销量约 25 万箱并且有大量剩余生产力; 一家南澳的酒厂,位于著名的巴诺莎谷(Barossa Valley),主要生产红酒葡萄; 一家维多利亚州的酒厂,旗下拥有四个葡萄园和一个酒庄,生产品牌及贴牌葡萄酒并供应 酿酒葡萄,年销售额约 500 万澳元。

锐勤资本集团

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