... The 1960s was a decade filled with changes that had an effect on the nation and the world like none other. During this period, Civil Rights movements took place, the country was at war, a U.S. president was assassinated, and humans walked on the moon. Music and television were creating a completely different culture. For the first time a presidential election was broadcast on TV giving millions of Americans the ability see this event, and the Beatles were influencing the youth with their magical music and lyrics. The events that occurred in this decade not only touched this planet as a whole, but it also made an impression on my personal life. The city I live in saw a big change during the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s. New Orleans, Louisiana, has a large black population who shared the same dream that Martin Luther King spoke about at the Capital. “On August 28, 1963, more than 250,000 people from across the nation came together in Washington, D.C. to peacefully demonstrate their support for the passage of a meaningful civil rights bill, an end to racial segregation in schools and the creation of jobs for the unemployed” (Hansan, n.d.). Martin Luther King Jr. was a pioneer for the Civil Rights movement who encouraged other people to follow him and help change the country’s laws. Because of the advancements in the Civil Rights movement for racial equality, other movements were learning from it and gaining momentum in their own fight. “The women’s liberation movement...
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...many men and women have decided to fight the injustice of governments with armies of ideas and principles. Rather than resort to violence, they chose the path of civil disobedience. Peacefully, they protested against unfair, discriminatory, and prejudiced regulations; many purposefully broke laws, fully accepting the consequences. This civil disobedience is not only absolutely necessary in a free society, but the actions of people like our founding fathers, various equal rights activists, and modern fair wage protesters have benefited culture in countless ways. In 1772, John Adams said, “Liberty, under every conceivable form of government, is always in danger…the only maxim of a free government ought to be to...
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...Social Movements Reginald Blount HIS/135 july 26, 2014 University of Phoenix Social Movements Women did not always have the rights that they have today. On March 8, 1975 in New York more than 50 women’s groups marched on Fifth Avenue to celebrate International Women’s Day. Women had demands that included 24 hour a day child care, equal job opportunities that included equal pay, access to contraceptives and abortions, civil rights, and equal pay for equal work. Originally the march was for equality, development, and peace however there were many other reasons for the march (Klemesrud, 1975). A woman’s role was restricted and they were to take care of their husband, children and the home. They were allowed to work if their husband was at war however they must return to their prior responsibilities after they returned home. The Women Liberation Movement was an opportunity for women to make a change and become independent and were able to become career minded (Kramer, 1976). Women were deprived and often kept isolated in their homes. Organizations that formed help bring the women out of the home and marching for their rights. Women wanted equality more than anything in the early 1960s. The organizations taught women social skills and political skills. Bring women together and sharing their personal concerns, personal feelings, and personal experiences with other women in the groups (Freeman, 1971). Jobs that were available to women were very few and paid poorly. The region’s...
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...Women’s Equality and Ethical Contributions Women’s equality has been less than equal in past years. In the last two centuries we have witnessed many victories for the equality of women, such as the right to vote and employment. Although there have been many accomplishments, there are still many situations in our western civilization in which women are not treated as equals to the male counterpart. I will explore several topics which still effect women and their ethical implements within several ethical theories. Women’s Voting Rights Women’s rights have been fought over for nearly two centuries. In 1848 the first meeting for women’s voting rights was conducted in Seneca, NY “calling for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women” (Imbornoni, 2007).This historic event initiated the long struggle of women battling to become an equal partner to men. Eventually women won the right to vote. Applying the ethical theory of Utilitarianism, one could argue that prohibiting a person’s right to vote would cause a prejudice government that is not representing the views of all people in which the laws effect. Allowing women to vote would open up new perspectives and opportunities to balance women and men’s rights. Since Utilitarianism focus’ on the “greater good for the greatest number of people” (Mosser, 2013), allowing women the vote would benefit society and create a “greater good” for the whole. A Utilitarianism of that era could counter argue that...
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...Suffering for Suffrage Suffrage: the right to vote in political elections. Up until 1920 this definition only applied to men, and Susan B. Anthony was the woman who helped changed that. Susan B. Anthony was a women’s rights activist and political activist figure all through the 1800’s and many of her ideas are ones that we still adhere to today. She fought against slavery and for women’s property rights, but what she is most well known for is her work with the women’s suffrage movement and her trial in 1873. What Susan B. Anthony fought for and achieved are reasons why she is unarguably one of the most influential women in women’s rights history. Susan B. anthony was a reformist, believing in gradual change rather than a...
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...Being born in the United States I am fortunate to have all the rights that I have, especially since I am female. I cannot imagine what life would be like without all of the changes that have come about because of our nations early feminists. Autumn Gem is a documentary about the life of China’s first feminist and how it sparked the women’s movement in China. Qiu Jin challenged the traditional gender roles and demanded equal rights and opportunities for women in China. She became interested in defining women’s rights at an early age. As a child she looked up to other influential women in China’s history. Qiu Jin studied martial arts as a young child and began schooling after watching her brother and his tutor. Qiu Jin became an accomplished writer, talented martial artist, and a leader of a revolutionary army. In the 20th century she was recognized as a national heroine who redefined what it meant to be a woman in China. At the beginning of the movie we see Qiu Jin trying to take the role as a traditional woman in China. You see her going through an arranged marriage, to a wealthy man and came from a religious family, and practiced foot binding. As her marriage progressed Qiu Jin became very unhappy with being a submissive house wife. So she began to read and write for a women’s activist newspaper. She had two children and soon was divorced. Her and her fellow activists’ supporters built a school where they would recruit and train new members of the cause. They hoped the school...
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...paved the way for women and their rights, since the mid 1800s, and now in 2014. Presently women have more rights and nearing equality each day, thanks to the fights in early American History. Although women currently are still struggling with equality in the United States, history has opened the door has lead the cause for change and the women’s rights movement. Women had to fight through difficult times to get through discrimination in the 19th century. In the past, women did not have the rights and freedoms as most men and were treated harshly. Women had almost no rights at all. They were not allowed to vote, they could not hold a place in public offices, were not equal or have the same opportunities as men. As a result, women were often seen as homemakers, nothing else. Women were looked down upon, if they expressed their voices or sot after equality or opportunities that often men would. Women were inferior to men in many different ways. Women did not have any property rights and once she was married, she was no longer allowed to own any land or property. A man could sell his house and take all the money for himself, and leave his wife and child behind with nothing. During this time, women were often seen as nonexistent people, they were not recognized as people. Nor where they recognized by the government equally. The women’s rights movement helped them throughout the country by passing laws that would entitle women to particular rights. Women were observed to be unable...
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...Women in the Workforce Ask yourself if the rights and equality of the women in the workforce has changed as much as it should have over the last eighty eight years and then ask why. The women were given the right to vote in August 1920 after years of protests, but even then it took another fifty years before all fifty states had it written into law and practiced. The Second World War provided another opportunity for women to crush the belief that they could not perform and maintain the work or work load of a man by doing their jobs. Even though they performed the work at a level equal, and sometimes more proficient than a man, the jobs were handed back over to the returning military men with only a fraction of change in making these jobs more available to women. Now knowing they could do a man’s job, bring home the bacon and fry it up in a pan to support a family, was now know throughout the country and world. In the 1960’s another spark ignited the women cause for equality with the National Woman’s party and others in congress. The sixties on into the early seventies may be remembered as the era of Love and Peace, but I would have to say it was one of the most violent and productive times of the century. The addition of Sex Discrimination to the Civil Rights Bill at the last minute added another chapter in our history. Early in 1919 the House of Representatives passed the 19th amendment by a vote of 304 to 90, and the Senate approved it 56 to 25. Within the government when...
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...Women of the Civil Rights Movement: The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement In The American Journal of Legal History, Bernie D. Jones reviews the work of Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Grofman (2000), and describes the ends to the means. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act indisputably were effectual for altering the framework of the questionable American life, for the most part in the southern states. As a consequence, both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were accountable for the stoppage of vast opposition to the civil rights movement and the fitting fusion into the American Society by African Americans. By way of the Acts, public facilities that avidly participated in segregation became outlawed. Throughout the nation, as a result of the enforcement of the Acts, the former, not so easily attainable education opportunities and employment prospects that consistently had been refused, now, awarded African Americans impressively large supporting political control. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 pioneered immeasurably. Women were given distinctive safeguarding subject to employment discrimination law. Emphatically, invigorating the women’s movement, consequently, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 served movements of other ethnic civil rights. (p. xvi) VOICE OF OMISSION No other group in America has so had their identity socialized out of existence as have black women. We are rarely...
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...applied as correctly it was intended to, reasonable and just. Every law has its purpose, and there are many laws for every situation. This also applies to business. There are many laws addressed for the business environment and for every situation in it. The purpose of this laws in business, are intended to ensure that all business related issues and situations are running properly, without affecting their businesses and customers, and/or any consequences in between. In the case of companies, laws are addressed for them to comply correctly and properly with the function and purpose of their business, employees and customers. There are also in the business environment, the labor area, laws that are intended to protect the employees and their right as workers. And there are also many laws addressed to protect and ensure the best interest for the customers. But in business and more importantly addressed to companies, there are laws that prevents them to dominated markets too aggressively and/or completely, or controlling it at all. These laws are mostly as monopoly’s laws, which are addressed directly to prevent any monopoly action or state from any company. These normally are intended for bigger or larger companies, that are seen to be growing in and aggressive way or that their action on the market are seen as an apparently monopoly action, for example, when a company buy, acquires or merge with another company, giving a significance growth and dominance over the market. These action...
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... There are times when employees must take time off such as for the birth of a newborn, care of a newborn, adoption of a child etc,. Under The Family Medical Leave Act the employer is required to give an employee their exact job or a similar job as they had prior to leave. The pay and benefits are also required to be the same. Age discrimination is when an applicant or employee is treated differently because of their age. The Age Discrimination Act prohibits discrimination against persons over the age of forty and restricts mandatory retirement requirements, except where age is a bona fide occupational qualification. (Mathis, 2008) This law prohibits discrimination in any facet of employment, such as hiring, firing and pay. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. (Mathis, 2008) The purpose of this act is to require employers to consider only job-related criteria when making employment...
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...T.V.E.E History 222 Short Paper John Moss Professor Gunshore History 222 African American History Since 1877 January 21, 2012 Topic: Women in the Civil Right Movement Women played a significance role in the Civil Rights Movement Viewpoint: Women played a major role in the Civil Rights Movement Evidence: “?[Women in the Civil Rights Movement] helps break the gender line that restricted women in civil rights history to background and backstage roles, and places them in front, behind, and in the middle of the Southern movement that re-made America. . . . It is an invaluable resource which helps set history straight.” —1 Four of the six women were born in nineteenth century but five of them died in this century: Wells-Barnett in 1931; Terrell in 1954; Bethune in 1955; Roosevelt in 1962; Baker in 1986; Parks is still alive. There are also some common threads that weave their way through each of these women’s lives. They all valued education, not just formal schooling but a love of learning making them truly life long learners. Each woman kept her mind open to new possibilities and each cared deeply about people 2 In 1963, for example, Betty Friedan, founder of the National Organization for Women, published The Feminine Mystique, which exposed the strict and confining gender roles instilled in U.S. society in the 1950s and 1960s -- and, arguably, today 3 Ida Wells-Barnett was one of two black women to sign the call for the formation of the National Association for...
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...from banishment from local parks, street, and alleys. They have even been fined and jailed under these various types of banishments ordinances. Have their constitutional rights been violated? City ordinances are being created to run the homeless individuals out of the city limits, and to move the problem to other cities or jurisdictions. The complaints are being forged by citizens, merchants, and law enforcement agencies that deal directly with the homeless. Cities like Palo Alto, and Seattle have passed sit-and-lie ordinances. In addition, they have also passed statutes prohibiting soliciting, panhandling, consumption of alcohol in public places. These statutes are directly intended for the homeless, and city officials continue to target the homeless. The homeless do not have the funds to pay for fines imposed by local courts; this type of practice only reconfirms those cities continually trying to make it difficult for the homeless. The ordinance opponents are from the civil rights groups, church groups, and the homeless that have continuingly oppose new ordnances for the sake of bettering city images and business sales. Since the sit-and-lie ordinances have been upheld in federal court in 1994, city councils around the country have passed similar controversial ordinances. The American Civil Liberties Union appealed to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and lost on a 2 to 1 decision in 1996. Although, Judge Harry Pregerson feels that the ordinance was unconstitutional...
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...Based on some inquiries and research, I have found that Mr. Smith’s reasoning to support his claim against our company under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and constructive discharge was directly related to our company’s implementation of the work schedule policy. Mr. Smith claims that the constructive discharge is a legal ground for him since this new policy made work intolerable and has directly impacted his decision to resign. He affirmed that he indeed has a case and that his legal right under the constructive discharge is justifiable and relevant. Mr. Smith argued that when he checked the calendar for the four days on and four days off, he found that he will be forced to work at least two of these holy days per month when his work schedule was Monday thru Friday previously. He also stated that the new work schedule also demands a 12 hour day impacts him and again, directly influenced his decision to quit. Mr. Smith alleges that his religious rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 were violated when he was forced to work on holy days and this is a religious observance that is protected under the Act. He feels that he has grounds by proving that this changed was motivated by greed on the company’s part and not by necessity. Mr. Smith felt confident that he can prove that there is no undue hardship that has effected this change by the employer, yet there will be undue hardship for the employees that value their religious...
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...MEMO To: CEO From: Date: Re: Constructive Discharge case Message: With respect to the case filed by a former employee against the company under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, constructive discharge, I would like to draw your attention towards the legalities of constructive discharge. Constructive discharge occurs when employees resign because their employer's behavior has become so intolerable or heinous or made life so difficult that the employee has no choice but to resign (Constructive dismissal). Since the employee is required to work on his religious holiday so it can be considered as a case of constructive discharge. It is unlawful if an employer discriminates against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964). Here, the employee can raise issue based on discrimination based on religion. As a way to avoid constructive discharge case, we can introduce flexibility in the working days, the employees may be having certain reservations in working on a particular day, the same can be asked beforehand before finalizing the days for the employees. Also, flexibility in terms of shift can be provided to the employees. Secondly we need to sensitize the issue to the employees of our company that the decision has been taken to increase the productivity of the company and will help us...
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