...Mao’s reinvention: the destruction of the Capitalist Roader The Great Proletarian Revolution was filled of bloodshed and terror in an attempt for a dictator to regain long lost power. This revolution was to undertake the cleansing of political capitalist roaders trying to undermine Communist China. To do so, Mao needed the support of the masses in which he employed millions of students to begin to find capitalist opposition to his ideas, and regain political stature amidst the removal of opposing ideas. This event was to make use of the members of the Communist Red Guard, which Mao created to occupy the strength of teenage masses in china. The Red Guard, although great in strength, had eventually become a major weakness for the revolution. Mao used the Cultural Revolution to regain political stature through the removal of capitalist opposing thought, and did so using the removal of four olds to cover over this. This was significantly effective, but created lasting effects that he struggled to control until his death. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution had begun in 1966. The revolution was based on a sixteen point decision made by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party relating to the removal of capitalists. This decision was to remove all “old ideas, culture, customs and habits” from the bourgeoisie (a social class based on capital) and replace them with the “new ideas, culture, customs and habits of the proletariat to change the mental outlook of the...
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...behind as Mao’s “Cultural Revolution” was instituted across the country in 1966. During the Cultural Revolution of China, the country and its citizens experienced strict authority control with the military and the state functioning together to govern the people. The switch from traditional China to this Cultural Revolution was swift and hasty, causing much death and trouble for the Chinese people. Because of these facts, there are many people who judged the New China governed under the socialist ideas of Mao. One of these critics is the Chinese-American novelist, Ha Jin, who denounces the Cultural Revolution of China in his novel entitled Waiting. In his novel, Ha Jin addresses and brings to light the affects of Mao’s rule on the Chinese people and the country as a whole. The novel starts in 1966 and takes place during the Cultural Revolution. “Cultural conflict is the center of this novel, where two worlds collide in the story of a man seeking a divorce from his wife by an arranged marriage: the ancient feudal culture of China and the world of the Cultural Revolution led by Chairman Mao” (Moore, 124). Through the locations, settings, and characters, Ha Jin illustrates the differences between the Old China and the New China for his American audience; there are many places and people in “Waiting” that represent these two divergent times in Chinese history. One way in which Ha Jin develops this idea is through the characters of Shuyu and Manna Wu, the two women Lin Kong must decide...
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...education system during the revolution “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” Nelson Mandela Introduction Although “Reading Lolita in Tehran” is classified as a memoir which by definition is “a special kind of autobiography, usually involving a public portion of the author’s life as it relates to a person, historic event, or thing. The text is about the personal knowledge and/or experiences of the author” (Daye, n.d.), it is also a critic to the changes performed during the revolution in many aspects of the Iranian society, it shows as Geraldine Brooks points out in a review of the book “… the power of novel and a cry of outrage at the reality in which these women are trapped…” The aim of this paper is to focus on the critics of the author to the changes on the education system during the revolution. This work consists of a first part which provides a historical background, with a brief description of the Revolution and an account of the changes in the education system, a second one, which presents several instances of the book where the author is critic of an aspect of the changes in the education system, and a third part where the conclusion is presented. Historical Background Description of the revolution The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Islamic Revolution of Iran or the 1979...
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...The Industrial Revolution began in Britain towards the end of the 18th century. The Industrial Revolution was changing domestic work into factory work, this was transitioning the world on a new innovative way on how to produce and manufacture clothes. The use of machinery were replaced the old use of hand crafting garments. During the 18th century production, distribution and acquisitions were developed and also the development of steam power, this showed how clothes move from country to country. Fashion was able to become accessible to a large number of consumers, allowing more people to get garments that were produced in the factories. Isaac Singer was the man who created the world’s first sewing machine in 1851, New York. The objective of this essay is to demonstrate how ‘Fashion has reflected Social, Cultural, Political, Economic and technological changes since the Industrial Revolution.’ This essay will include how Social and Cultural changes have been made since the Industrial Revolution. Main Body Social Changes and Cultural Changes. Before the industrial revolution came along, most goods were made in small, cramped workshops or in the comfort of people's homes. This was called the domestic system, Factories were commonly built near rivers, so that water power could be used to run the machines. People started to leave the country and the farms to go into the main cities to find work and to live a different lifestyle. Work opportunities during the Industrial...
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...escape the class was one of the hardest and most difficult endeavors to undertake. Social factors led to the men working in the printing shop of Jacques Vincent to have a workers revolt in which they were to kill their bosses cat (Workers Revolt: The Great Cat Massacre of the Rue Saint-Severin, Darnton, 75). Cultural...
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...How far was cultural change in Britain in the 1960’s due to the contraceptive pill (24 marks) During the sixties Britain experienced a huge amount of cultural change, some may say that this was due to the contraceptive pill and it’s liberalising affect on women. On the other hand it could have been due to the rise in affluence, technological advances or the development of the car. The pill was licensed for use in Britain in 1961 and could be prescribed on the National Health Service. As source B states ‘women were keen to try it’. It led to cultural change firstly as it was liberalising to women. Source A states that women felt ‘in control’ and ‘free’. This was because the pill allowed women to plan when they wanted children, which in turn gave them a chance to get careers, something that wasn’t common for women during this time. It meant that women weren’t confined to being housewives as they could choose when and if they wanted to have a baby. As source A states ‘it changed women’s lives’. Further to this it led to a more permissive society. Women could have sex without the worry of getting pregnant, especially important as abortion hadn’t been legalised at this time. Source a states that she ‘had an affair’’ because she ‘could get away with it’. The family planning act in 1967 added to this when it allowed the pill to be prescribed to single women, not just married. This shows that there was a change in moral standards. For example the media was now publicising stories...
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...History 103g Did Women Have An Early Modern Europe During the emergence of the Early Modern Europe, nations were known to have developed both intellectually and culturally. Movements such as the Renaissance, Reformation, religious wars, scientific revolution, industrialization, Enlightenment, and French Revolution had brought about the nations’ development in terms of thoughts, expressions, and societal and political issues that characterized the Early Modern Europe. New knowledge was increasingly acquired. New thoughts on religion, natural, and political philosophy were increasingly developed. New instruments and machines were increasingly invented. Yet, only the males contributed to most of these tremendous developments, questioning whether or not women have an Early Modern Europe. Thus, to conclude whether women did experience an Early Modern Europe, women’s role on the movements that characterized the Early Modern Europe would have to be assessed. The period of the Renaissance was characterized by the emergence of a cultural movement, ‘humanism’, and classical art and architecture that are naturalistic, realistic, and humanistic. During this period, classical ideas were reintroduced in the increasing works of humanists and artists. Such include Petrarch’s ‘Rules for the Successful Ruler’, Machiavelli’s ‘From the Discourses on Livy’, Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘Vitruvian Man’, and Dürer’s ‘Adam and Eve’. These primary sources are all the works of male humanists and artists...
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...In 1966, China’s Communist leader, Mao Zedong started a revolution. It became known as the Cultural Revolution to reaffirm his authority over China’s government. A significant part of the Cultural Revolution were the peasant communes. These communes were places where many poor families lived. Nothing was owned by an individual person, from cattle to kitchens, everything was shared by the members of the commune. Despite the positive ways the government propaganda displayed or described the communes, they were places of suffering. Feng Jicia, a former Chinese athlete who is now a writer, tells the story of his sister’s suffering in an article called “Feng Jicai on mistreatment in a peasant commune (1981)”. In this article, Feng talks about the...
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...Industrial Revolution Test Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer for each question and mark it on your scantron sheet. Each question is worth three points 1.) Which of the following factors motivated European nation’s to compete for colonies? a. Nationalism b. Communism c. Socialism d. Urbanism 2.) What was a result of the invention of the cotton gin? a. Slaves were no longer needed b. The need for slaves increased c. Farmers stopped growing cotton d. Cotton production decreased 3.) During the Industrial Revolution, how did the factory owners feel about the formation of trade unions? a. The owners encouraged the unions to form b. The owners did not care about the unions c. The owners did not like the unions d. The owners were excited about the unions 4.) Which of the following is the correct definition for collective bargaining? a. Process of negotiation between the United States and Japan b. Process of negotiation between management and union representatives c. Process of expanding educational opportunities for children d. Process of expanding a nation’s control over another nation with force 5.) Which of the following was included in child labor reforms passed by parliament? a. Increased the hours that children could work b. Restricted how many men could work c. Increased the hours that men could work d. Restricted the hours that children could work 6.) Adam Smith is...
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...anti-Semitism manifest itself in medieval Europe? Kenneth R. Stow, Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe; Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages; Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century 3. What was the position of prostitutes in medieval society? Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women; Leah Otis, Prostitution in Medieval Society; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 4. Why did the French choose to follow Joan of Arc during the the Hundred Years War? Kelly DeVries, Joan of Arc: A Military Leader; Bonnie Wheeler, ed., Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 5. Discuss the significance of siege warfare during the crusades. You may narrow this question down to a single crusade if you wish. Jim Bradbury, The Medieval Siege; Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century; John France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade 6. Why did the persecution of heretics increase during the high and later Middle Ages? You may focus on the persecution of one heretical group if you wish. R.I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society; Malcolm Lambert, Medieval Heresy; Gordon Leff, Heresy in the Later Middle Ages 7. To what extent did the ideals of medieval knighthood match its realities? ...
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...The eighteenth century was a time of significant social, cultural and economic change for Europe. The century included both the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. They transformed demographics, working methods and economic structures. Their consequences impacted on the family income, both in terms of how money was earned and who in the family earned it. One of the consequences of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolution was a shift in populations to more urban areas. The revolution also impacted on the self-sufficient economy of rural life with increased reliance on industrial employment. This essay will examine these changes and discuss how they impacted on women and the family. This will be achieved by examining the changes in gender roles and, in particular, changes to women’s roles in the family and society and how this directly impacted on the shape and function of the family. The aim is to explore the cultural and economic shift in eighteenth century society from a mainly rural, agrarian society to and more urban, industrialises society. The essay will also consider how these changes impacted on family life during this period. The issue which this essay focuses on is; that as women and children began to play a greater role in the work place the shape and function of family changed. Eighteenth century life was dependant on agriculture. During the early years of the century over eighty percent of the population were living in rural areas. Although there were demographic...
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... social, cultural, political, philosophical, ethical, moral, theological, legal and spiritual or religious aspects. Sexuality includes: * Values regarding relationships, dating, marriage, sexual ethnics, sexual culture. * Psychology in relation to gender, sexual role * Physical factors such as sexual characteristics, sexual drive, sexual intercourse, sexual activities. * Sexual orientation, that is heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. Describe the social category (ies) that may be affected by the social issue. A child’s sex is determined at the time of conception. Unfortunately, at the time of birth your gender will guide your life. From ancient Roman days, women have been known as the weaker and more inferior sex. If you were born a woman, you were a creature of inequality. Women have suffered through history fighting for their rights. In 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the first women’s rights movement, “The Declaration of Sentiments.” In this document she demanded equality with men before the law, in education and employment. Here, too, was the first pronouncement demanding that women be given the right to vote (Imbornoni, 2007). Forty-two years later (1890), the National Women Suffrage Association and the American Women Suffrage Association merge to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) to campaign for voting rights for women. On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, granting women the right...
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...Fashion Designing Table of Contents The Good Old Days 3 Introduction 3 Culture and society of young Australian women of 1964 3 Fashion of the Australian women during 1964 5 Society, Culture and Fashion Trends in 2014 6 Conclusion 8 References 8 The Good Old Days Introduction It is known fact that the study of fashion design is influenced by the cultural and social activities that are different in different areas and over different time span. Designers try to design clothing that will not only be functional but also pleasing aesthetically. The wearing a garment depends on the person who is to wear it and also the occasion it will be worn in. A large range of patterns, styles and colors are required to come up with...
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...SOCIAL CHANGE "For a revolution to succeed, the entire population must support it." People who wanted to live in a democratic country thought like that before the Iranian Revolution. They could not imagine the following events. During the revolution, islamic groups became stronger and the monarchy was replaced with an authoritarian theocracy. Regime change brought about the social and cultural change. The movie Persepolis has a great look on the rapid changes from the perspective of a young girl Marjene who live in Tehran, showing us the changes in appearances, social classes and the relationship between women and men. In the movie one of the most striking changes was in appearance. The gradual change in clothes could have seen clearly after the Islamic Revolution. It became obligatory for women to wear veil. Women who do not want to wear veil, were punished by pouring acid out on to their hair. The rules became more and more strict. In a scene, Marjene was warned to cover all her hair by a policeman. In Islamic Republic, Western music and art were banned. Not only policemen but also people who live in Iran, tried to punish Marjene due to her clothes that have symbols of Western singers on them. On the other hand, men did not have strict rules. They could go on wearing modern clothes yet cultural changes affected them too. Men with long beards increased in number. In brief, after the Islamic Revolution Iranian people's appearances were changed. "The reason for...
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...changes involved the concentration of workers into factories, mills and mines, access to fast transport and the emergence of the middle class. The Industrial Revolution brought about many cultural changes. Before the revolution, most people lived in the country, worked on farms, and travelled by horse, walking or boat. However, during the revolution, people moved to the cities to work in factories, cities became overcrowded, unsanitary, and polluted, and new ways of travelling were introduced including railroads, steamboats, and automobiles. This was a dramatic shift in the way of life for the average person and has made a huge impact on how the world works...
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