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Psychology and Health Issues Program Review
HCA/250
University of Phoenix
Tinia C Allen

For my final project I have chosen diabetes. It’s the disease that I feel I know the most about. Most of my family members suffer from the disease and some of them have died from it. I also had gestational diabetes when I was pregnant with my daughter. I have read several books on the subject and have learned a lot from my mother who was diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes 5 years ago. Since my mother was diagnosed I have started to change my diet and exercise a lot more than I use to. There were several things I learned during this project that I wasn’t aware of and I would like to share those with you.

According to the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), many diabetics experience similar stages as that of bereavement. (Diabetes.co.uk,2012) Because a chronic diagnosis such as diabetes signifies the loss of health, many individuals suffering from this condition are subjected to periods of denial, a sense of hopelessness, anger, and frustration following diagnosis. There is a fear of long term complications and commitment. Many have a difficult time coping with the lifestyle changes associated with this disorder. They struggle to understand the relationship that food has on their health and find it difficult to stay compliant with dietary restrictions. The overwhelming fear of needles causes anxiety and an unrelenting need to avoid fingers sticks and insulin administration. The constant monitoring of glucose levels and diet restrictions are eventually viewed as confining; overtime leading to a diabetic burnout. During this phase these individuals exercise self-destructive behaviors. They engage in the consumption of food items despite the acknowledgement of the negative effects on their blood glucose levels. Seeking freedom from frustration, they administer insulin based on estimates; compensating for over consumption of restricted foods. (Diabetes.co.uk, 2012) In this state of disillusion, most diabetics submit to their condition convinced that all hope is lost; hence the physical relationship between diabetes as it is psychologically display through depression, anger, fear, and anxiety. The first step to gaining control is by seeking education about the risk factors associated with diabetes. Despite the fact that some risk factors associated with this disorder goes beyond our control, there remains a few things that we can incorporate into our daily practice that help to minimize complications. Refraining from a sedentary lifestyle is prudent. Researchers have discovered that maintaining and inactive lifestyle contributes to the decline of our health and eventually leads to fatality. In today’s society many have moved away from physical work to seek employment that requires more intellect. The introduction of technology has minimized the amount of time and manpower required to physically complete tasks. It is essential that we incorporate simple practices like parking a block away from our destination or taking the stairs instead of the elevator to keep active. Maintaining a good exercise regimen is applaudable. Watching what we eat is another factor within our control. Healthy dieting that is moderate in calories, low in fat, and high in nutrition helps us to both lose weight and decrease the glucose level in the blood. You must be smart about the carbs you eat. Not all carbohydrates are the same. They can be simple carbohydrates or complex carbohydrates. Diabetics should focus on incorporating complex carbs with high-fiber because they have a slow release in the blood stream. This action prevents the over production of insulin that is often caused by the consumption of simple carbohydrates. When complex carbs are incorporated, they provide lasting energy that helps diabetics to stay full longer; therefore there is a gradual release of insulin versus and abrupt release that can result in a hypoglycemic episode. Cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and strokes are a major cause of death linked to this disease at an alarming rate of 67%. Psychology in diabetes care is important because it is linked as well with the illness. The psychologist provides direct services to the patient by promoting health behaviors and treatment of psychological problems and provides counseling to patients that do not adhere to the diabetes regimen. They help them to understand the severity of diabetes and its symptoms and outcomes as well as provide knowledge. Helping the patient with depression, anxiety, eating disorders and additional burdens from everyday life effects health as well and the team of professionals work with the patient because these factors can cause elevation in blood sugars and interrupt routines such as eating and sleeping. Finding a way to cope is beneficial in the patient’s health. ("Living with diabetes," )
The risk factors of diabetes that can be controlled are weight, how we eat, and the health of the mind and body. By controlling weight by eating healthy and incorporating a system of health with beneficial exercise, a person can avoid all of the ailments associated with the disease. The risk factors that cannot be controlled are being overweight, fat distribution, inactivity, family history, race, aging, pre-diabetes and gestational diabetes. Being overweight is a primary factor to diabetes due to the storage of fatty tissue. The more it is, the more resistant to diabetes and individual is. With fat distribution, the body stores more fat in the abdomen, the risk factor to Type 2 diabetes is greater. Inactivity due to no exercise or inability to move normally makes cells inactive to insulin. Family history increases the risk if a parent and/or sibling has type 2 diabetes. African Americans (race) are the most likely to develop diabetes than any other race. The older we get, the less we are to exercise, lose muscle mass and gain weight. Untreated pre-diabetes will eventually turn into type 2 diabetes as well as gestational diabetes when pregnant. ("Center for disease," )
Diabetes seems to be linked strongly with poverty. Poor nutrition and being poor does not allow for the impoverished to obtain healthy and nutritious meals. Being poor means that you have to eat what you can when you can in order to survive. In poor neighborhoods, there is not an option of fresh produce or fresh meats, just canned or packaged foods that are easily prepared in the microwave or an oven are what they are subjected to eat. Their grocery store is the convenience store on the corners of the neighboring blocks. Owners of the stores are scared to erect grocery stores because they are in fear of being robbed or their stores being destroyed. People do not want to take a chance to build stores, stealing the chance of families to purchase healthy and nutritious food. ("Living with diabetes," )
Another factor is affordability of diabetes medications and care. People are faced with the option everyday of choosing to feed their children, pay a bill, or buy their medicine. As any loving person or caretaker would choose the latter, to buy food and feed their families, neglecting their health in hopes of the sickness will eventually go away. The government really needs to evaluate the situation and find a way to make it possible for diabetics to receive proper care and lessen the fear of their children starving if they buy their medication.
Treatment options for diabetics are diet and exercise, medication, and insulin dependency. The beginning treatment of diabetes is diet and exercise which includes a low carbohydrate, high protein, and low fat eating regimen. Eating properly ensures that the body is well fueled and full of energy. Incorporated with exercise, it will allow the body to work as efficient as possible.
Medication is based on what type of diabetes a person has. There is non-insulin dependent diabetics and insulin dependent diabetes. Non-insulin diabetics take medicine to promote the pancreas to produce insulin. Insulin dependent diabetics need to inject insulin because the pancreas has worn out, unable to produce insulin. Working with the physician and psychologists will allow individuals to manage their diabetes, have the understanding of the benefits of managing their glucose levels, and obtain a health, vibrant life. Never be afraid to ask questions and voicing concerns will keep yourself and your physicians in tune with any problems that may occur.
Health promotion strategies that would ensure that all diabetics, type 1 or 2, will get the care that they so really need is by incorporating a program in each and every city or town that will keep diabetics abreast of all different government granted resources that are available and will become available for care. Letting the lawmakers know the struggles and financial needs of impoverished individuals and make it possible for them to get their medicine and care at a fraction of the cost or no cost at all. Diabetes awareness needs to be known by their families, friends, coworkers, or anyone that comes in contact with a diabetic person. Also knowing the signs and what to do if blood sugar levels become too low or too high and the proper way to administer medication will be of great value to everyone involved. Petitioning the government, local doctors’ offices, and clinics, to evaluate the need of low to no cost medication and care to be readily available for persons that cannot afford to purchase them, will bring the high number of diabetes fatalities and health related ailments to a low. ("Living with diabetes," )
If you feel you are at risk for the disease try to get tested at least once a year. Also get active meaning get out there and exercise. Aerobic activity is the best because it makes your heart and bones strong, relieves stress and helps your insulin work well. It will also help you lose weight which can improve your blood glucose. If you are living healthy then chances are you are managing your diabetes.

References:
Living with diabetes. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/
Center for disease control and prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ Diabetes.co.uk. (2012, September). Diabetes and Emotions: Diabetes Burnout. Retrieved from http://diabetes.co.uk

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