...ABASTRACT An increase in the literacy rate seems to be one of the key ingredients in the economic growth and development of a nation. Growth rate of India is the second highest in the world after china. It is believed that the principle reason behind the Indian progress is its youth force, highest in number in the world. However with increase in the number of schools and colleges, enrollment rates, literacy rate etc, Indian youth are not only unemployed but still unemployable and this would remain one of a grave and serious policy issue to India for many upcoming years. This paper will examine the role of higher education reforms in eradicating the problems of unemployment. * To focus on present Education system of India. * To focus on present employment and unemployment scenario of educated youth in India. * To shed light on the necessary suggestion & recommendation for the betterment of educated youth. Glimpse of Indian Education System. * Elementary education in India lays emphasis up to the age of 14 years. Government is the largest provider and facilitator of educational in India, almost 80% recognized Schools are run by government. * 27% of Indian children are privately educated due to poor standard of public education. * India is facing a severe challenge. 26% of its population is still illiterate, 15% of Indian students reach high school and just 7% reaches to graduate level. (Zareer Masani, 2008). *...
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...IV. Unemployment among Indian youth: An overview The preceding review of the Indian efforts at formulating the policies to mitigate youth unemployment has highlighted the difficulties of attacking the problem in a continental country. It has indicated that it is difficult to obtain precise estimates of the number and proportion of the youth in the country and the level of unemployment among them. The widespread errors of age reporting, which result from the high level of illiteracy and the lack of awareness about the date of birth, are a serious problem. (a) Facts of the Situation There are marked differences between estimates of the number and proportion of youth based on the decennial censuses and the sample surveys, as well as the Sample Registration System. The projections made by different agencies such as the Office of the Registrar General on behalf of the Planning Commission and the United Nations also differ with respect to the number and relative share of the youth in the population. However, according to the best national estimates, the youth formed about 18.5 to 19 percent of the national population in the early 1990s, and numbered about 159 million at the time of the 1991 Census. Over 53 percent of them (85 million) were in the labour force. By 2001, the number of youth is projected to rise to 212 million, and the number of youth in the labour force to 107 million (almost 23.6 percent of the projected total labour force of 453 million). The data...
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...Education and Unemployment Alleviation Among Youth in India In: Social Issues Education and Unemployment Alleviation Among Youth in India ABASTRACT An increase in the literacy rate seems to be one of the key ingredients in the economic growth and development of a nation. Growth rate of India is the second highest in the world after china. It is believed that the principle reason behind the Indian progress is its youth force, highest in number in the world. However with increase in the number of schools and colleges, enrollment rates, literacy rate etc, Indian youth are not only unemployed but still unemployable and this would remain one of a grave and serious policy issue to India for many upcoming years. This paper will examine the role of higher education reforms in eradicating the problems of unemployment. * To focus on present Education system of India. * To focus on present employment and unemployment scenario of educated youth in India. * To shed light on the necessary suggestion & recommendation for the betterment of educated youth. Glimpse of Indian Education System. * Elementary education in India lays emphasis up to the age of 14 years. Government is the largest provider and facilitator of educational in India, almost 80% recognized Schools are run by government. * 27% of Indian children are privately educated due to poor standard of public education. * India is facing a severe challenge. 26% of its population is still...
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...Reshaping the World through Entrepreneurship, Education and Employment: - The world economic forum in Davos discussed how the reshaping of the world could be brought about through Entrepreneurship, Education and Employment. The speakers were Professor Klaus Schwab, President Park Gun-Hye, and President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf. President Park addresses the issues of slow growth, high unemployment and income inequality. A new course has to be taken towards creative economy and entrepreneurship. This can be achieved through robust international co-ordination along with national responses of focus, discipline and values. The world has to deal with climate change and natural resource depletion. The existing macroeconomics labour policies need a paradigm shift. Growth should be sustainable and inclusive. The world needs a mechanism to break through the constraints to reshape it. The creative ideas of single person can transform the world. Creative economy is the mantra for the future. Today creative economy should tap the brilliance of the human brain, innovating the way ahead with science and information technology and create employment. A creative mind innovates ideas, which should be developed by entrepreneurs. The key is to encourage entrepreneurs. All barriers should be eliminated. A financial system should be developed to give support to the entrepreneurs, ensuring a loan free support, using investment capital method. The governments should encourage an ecosystem, which...
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...TERM PAPER UNEMPLOYMENT AND ITS SITUATION IN ASIA Submitted to: Sir Abdul Farooq Submitted by: Muzammil Shahid (10) Ifzal Ahmed (09) Hajra Fazal(29) Adeel Abid(08) (F005-BBA) Date: 11, December 2006 Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Statement of problem 3 1.2 Objectives of Study 6 1.3 Methodology and source 7 1.4 Organization 7 2. Review of literature 8 3. Analysis of Data 23 3.1 Global Causes of Unemployment 23 ...
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...social, economical, and psychological consequences. This dormancy is a result of deep rooted ignorance and misplaced information about the career paths which trace its origins in the imperial Maharaja’s Rule of pre-independent India where people who used to work for the government were usually better off than ordinary people doing peasantry jobs. Decades of political uncertainty has further escalated the doubts on success in business, hurtling the Kashmiri youth deep into the psychological abyss where pursuing their dreams as remained, as such, a dream. Throw in some statistics in the gloomy picture and the picture gets even darker: life expectancy, in part due to access to better medical care and in part due to casual improvement in wages, is ever increasing, and with the fertility rates unchanged, causes an unprecedented “pot belly” in the population pyramid. This accumulation of a young population further exacerbates the unemployment quagmire. According to a report by Mercy Corps, a non-government organization based in United States, the number of job seeking youth is more than the total number of employees the Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) government has engaged over the last 60 years. Kashmir, as a result, has been ravaged by the scourge of unemployment. A depressed market, protracted and episodic conflict, and a disparity between the educational system and the demands of...
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...and had been studying in Meerut for 13 years. Like many long-time students there, he described himself as "unemployed", someone "just waiting". There are many like Rajesh in Meerut and across northern India. Behind the image of tech-savvy IT specialists in India lies a dispiriting picture common throughout Asia, Africa and Latin America: a multitude of educated but unemployed young men. The sources of this problem are not difficult to identify: rising education rates have led to higher aspirations around the world. At the same time, governments have often cut the public sector jobs upon which educated people formerly depended. The result in numerous places has been the "overproduction" of educated people: the "men hanging out on the street" that seem to feature in so many travel accounts and contemporary anthropologies of poorer countries. Over the past 15 years I have been doing research funded by the Economic and Social Research Council on the problem of educated unemployment in Uttar Pradesh, whose 190m people make it India's most populous state. Many parents in Uttar Pradesh are able to finance school and university education for their children. But these graduates find it impossible to obtain salaried jobs. The sheer scale of the problem of youth unemployment is staggering. There are regularly more than 10,000 applicants for a single government post in Meerut. Students there tell me that to get a job it is now necessary to possess "source" (social connections)...
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...In words of James” Youth is the joy, the little bird that has broken out of the eggs and is eagerly waiting to spread out its wings in the open sky of freedom and hope.” Power of Youth Youth is the spring of Life. It is the age of discovery and dreams. India is of largest youth population in the world today. The entire world is eyeing India as a source of technical manpower. They are looking at our youth as a source of talents at low costs for their future super profits. If Indian youth make up their mind and work in close unity with working class people, they can hold the political power in their hands. Indian youth has the power to make our country from developing nation to a developed nation. Is it a dream? No, their dreams take them to stars and galaxies to the far corners of the unknown and some of them like our own Kalpana Chawla pursue their dream, till they realize it and die for it in process. hopes of youth The youth hopes for a world free of poverty, unemployment, inequality and exploitation of man by man. A world free of discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, language and gender. A world full of creative challenges and opportunities to conquer them. But let us convert these hopes in reality. Role of Youth: The role of youth is of most importance in today’s time. It has underplayed itself in field of politics. It should become aspiring entrepreneur rather than mere workers. It can play a vital role in elimination of terrorism. Young participation...
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...The Role of Youth In modern Word count:527 words • Introduction • Power of youth • Role of youth • Problem • Conclusion Introduction In words of James” Youth is the joy, the little bird that has broken out of the eggs and is eagerly waiting to spread out its wings in the open sky of freedom and hope.” Power of Youth Youth is the spring of Life. It is the age of discovery and dreams. India is of largest youth population in the world today. The entire world is eyeing India as a source of technical manpower. They are looking at our youth as a source of talents at low costs for their future super profits. If Indian youth make up their mind and work in close unity with working class people, they can hold the political power in their hands. Indian youth has the power to make our country from developing nation to a developed nation. Is it a dream? No, their dreams take them to stars and galaxies to the far corners of the unknown and some of them like our own Kalpana Chawla pursue their dream, till they realize it and die for it in process. hopes of youth The youth hopes for a world free of poverty, unemployment, inequality and exploitation of man by man. A world free of discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, language and gender. A world full of creative challenges and opportunities to conquer them. But let us convert these hopes in reality. Role of Youth: The role of youth is of most importance in today’s time. It has underplayed itself in field...
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...Macroeconomics assignment On ANALYSIS OF INDIA CHINA BRAZIL ECONOMIES INTRODUCTION The BIC Countries: Brazil, India, China. The BIC countries are made up of Brazil, India and China - although if we were to categorize them by importance, it would actually be CIB. Why the BIC are Important?? The BIC are both the fastest growing and largest emerging markets economies. They account for almost three billion people, or just under half of the total population of the world. In recent times, the BIC have also contributed to the majority of world GDP growth. According to various economists’ projections, it is only a matter of time before China becomes the biggest economy in the world - sometime between 2030 and 2050 seems the consensus. In fact, Goldman Sachs believes that by 2050 these will be the most important economies, relegating the US to fifth place. By 2020, all of the BIC should be in the top 10 largest economies of the world. The undisputed heavyweight, though, will be China, also the largest the creditor in the world. Apart from their growth characteristics, the BIC countries frankly have little in common. They are primarily an investment category now, although there may some political and economic alliances that develop from that grouping. If they do, it is likely to be temporary - once China has assumed its rightful place, it may have no need for these alliances. A G2 of China and the US may be more important for it unless the 2050 predictions do come true...
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...MACROECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT-1 CASE STUDY: INDIA’S LABOUR MARKET The labour market trend which is a cause for concern The number of unemployed people remains relatively high, both in urban as well as rural areas, with urban areas showing greater unemployment in numbers, possibly due to inadequate employment planning in urban areas. Also, low Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in both rural and urban economies for the age group 18-29 is also a trend that causes concern. These are areas are critical since they indicate (a) degree of growth in number of jobs in both rural and urban areas, and, (b) employability of youth in the prime working age group A critical perspective on the trend The number of unemployed people in India remains relatively high, with an average unemployment rate of 4.7% by UPS approach. The UPS measure includes, in the definition of employment and workforce, both principal and subsidiary status activities. This measure, therefore, includes not just regular employment, but also employment in the unorganized sector. We should expect that improvements in principal status employment or household well-being can and should lead to reductions in subsidiary employment. The absence of individuals from each group is for different reasons and has different social implications. For the population under the age of 24, the low participation in the workforce may be attributed to their attending school. This feature, though sharp in both males and females between...
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...INTRODUCTION In economics, unemployment refers to the condition and extent of joblessness within an economy, and is measured in terms of the unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed workers divided by the total civilian labor force. Hence, unemployment is the condition of not having a job, often referred to as being "out of work", or unemployed. The problem of unemployment has had a great impact on Nepalese society and the economy. METHODOLOGY The methodology that I have used to collect information has been secondary data research. All the required data, facts and figures have been looks upon on Nepal survey report 2010 and from the internet. EXPLANATION The exact unemployment rate in Nepal has always been debatable. Some agencies report it to be around 20 percent while others report it to be around 40 percent. So, the unemployment rate of Nepal depends on who you ask. What is not debatable is the fact that solutions that have been tried have always been a blanketed approach to reduce unemployment throughout the nation. What our policymakers have to realize is the fact that blanketed approaches don’t usually work. There are three kinds of unemployment: structural, frictional, and cyclical. Frictional unemployment occurs when people move from one place to another or when they quit one job to find another. Cyclical unemployment occurs when people lose their jobs due to business-cycle fluctuations. It increases when an economy...
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...and improved infrastructure among others abound. However, it is disheartening to note that what are experienced today are increase in crime rates, political and religious uprising, corruption and other social vices. The situation is further worsened by the level youth unemployment in the country. Looking closely at the scenario, it is obvious that the ‘youths’ are the ones mostly involved. This group (youths), is supposed to be looked upon as the engine room of development in any country. Japan, China, India, USA, Great Britain and other advanced countries in the world made technological breakthrough because of the involvement of the youths. However, the Nigerian youths are yet to be recognized and their impact is yet to be felt. It is in view of this that this paper is structured to explain the need for reintegrating the youth as a panacea for the security challenges in Nigeria. Operational Definition of Terms In order to make this article explicit, the following definitions of terms are given as used in the text. Youths – These are part of the population who are active and their ages fall range between 18 – 45 years. Reintegration – A process of educating, rehabilitating, accepting and engaging the youths to be productive and useful in a society. Panacea – Solution to problem to socio-economic challenges. National Security – Absence of threat to life, property, and socio-economic well being of the people. Security Challenges – These are threats to the national security...
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...complete breakdown of variables and social actions that are current in consumer economy. This paper will examine future marketing tactics for new youth oriented consumer economies like those in India and China based on the marketing tactics taken on by United States to cater to youth consumers for the past sixty years. American economy is the world’s largest economy. This country has elevated level economy output and the largest purchasing power equivalence. Suitable tactics assumed by the government did not let the market down even in the 1930’s in the time of recession. The government cut taxes drastically so that the consumer would spend more. Various strategies were implemented in order to even out the economy during the 1930’s to the 1980’s (Mintz & Kellogg, 1989). Years 1945 to 1957 saw a soaring rate of fertility and the birth of countless baby boomers. As a result of this momentous climb in fertility rates, prosperity was decreased; the need for single family homes increased and brought hope for a better future. From 1946 to 1973 the expansion of the American economy was normal while baby boomers were on the rise. House hold earnings were almost dormant and there was no real enhancement in everyday life and standards of living. The economy saw the worst phase after 1973 when interest rates, price increases and unemployment had reached their peak. Baby boomers saw a hard economic stage when spending was exceptionally low due to elevated income and...
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...are generally perceived as home makers with little to do with economy or commerce. But this picture is changing. In Modern India, more and more women are taking up entrepreneurial activity especially in medium and small scale enterprises. Even as women are receiving education, they face the prospect of unemployment. In this background, self employment is regarded as a cure to generate income .The Planning commission as well as the Indian government recognizes the need for women to be part of the mainstream of economic development. Women entrepreneurship is seen as an effective strategy to solve the problems of rural and urban poverty. Traditionally, women in India have been generally found in low productive sectors such as agriculture and household activities. Human Development Report 2004 ranks India 103 in Gender related Development Index (GDI). As per 2001 census; women constitute nearly half of India’s population. Out of this total, 72% were engaged in agriculture, 21.7% in other non agricultural pursuits with only 6.3% in household industries. Women entrepreneurs in India are handicapped in the matter of organizing and running businesses on account of their generally low levels of skills and for want of support system. The transition from homemaker to sophisticated business woman is not that easy. But the trend is changing. Women across India are showing an interest to be economically independent. Women are coming forth to the business arena with ideas to start...
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