...Education and Unemployment Alleviation Among Youth in India In: Social Issues Education and Unemployment Alleviation Among Youth in India ABASTRACT An increase in the literacy rate seems to be one of the key ingredients in the economic growth and development of a nation. Growth rate of India is the second highest in the world after china. It is believed that the principle reason behind the Indian progress is its youth force, highest in number in the world. However with increase in the number of schools and colleges, enrollment rates, literacy rate etc, Indian youth are not only unemployed but still unemployable and this would remain one of a grave and serious policy issue to India for many upcoming years. This paper will examine the role of higher education reforms in eradicating the problems of unemployment. * To focus on present Education system of India. * To focus on present employment and unemployment scenario of educated youth in India. * To shed light on the necessary suggestion & recommendation for the betterment of educated youth. Glimpse of Indian Education System. * Elementary education in India lays emphasis up to the age of 14 years. Government is the largest provider and facilitator of educational in India, almost 80% recognized Schools are run by government. * 27% of Indian children are privately educated due to poor standard of public education. * India is facing a severe challenge. 26% of its population is still...
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...IV. Unemployment among Indian youth: An overview The preceding review of the Indian efforts at formulating the policies to mitigate youth unemployment has highlighted the difficulties of attacking the problem in a continental country. It has indicated that it is difficult to obtain precise estimates of the number and proportion of the youth in the country and the level of unemployment among them. The widespread errors of age reporting, which result from the high level of illiteracy and the lack of awareness about the date of birth, are a serious problem. (a) Facts of the Situation There are marked differences between estimates of the number and proportion of youth based on the decennial censuses and the sample surveys, as well as the Sample Registration System. The projections made by different agencies such as the Office of the Registrar General on behalf of the Planning Commission and the United Nations also differ with respect to the number and relative share of the youth in the population. However, according to the best national estimates, the youth formed about 18.5 to 19 percent of the national population in the early 1990s, and numbered about 159 million at the time of the 1991 Census. Over 53 percent of them (85 million) were in the labour force. By 2001, the number of youth is projected to rise to 212 million, and the number of youth in the labour force to 107 million (almost 23.6 percent of the projected total labour force of 453 million). The data...
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...incidence of the Niger Delta militants groups and its consequences to entrepreneurial development in Nigeria Evaluate the power, composition and functions of NDDC Assess the impact of the multinationals in the Nigerian Economy with regard to FDI and FPI Youths and entrepreneurial Development: Realty or Myth Evaluate the implementation of MDGs and the realization of the objectives by 2015. The effect of entrepreneurial development on poverty reduction The impact of privatization on Nigerian economic development and growth. Evaluate the impact of different reforms in the Nigerian reforms on the Nigeria economy. Women entrepreneurial development (WED) and poverty: what a paradox The impact of women entrepreneurs in SMEs on poverty alleviation Evaluate the cultural factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Evaluate the financial factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Evaluate the environmental factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Gender, entrepreneurship and globalization: Barriers and prospects. Intrapreneurship and achievement of organizational objectives Evaluate intrapreneurship as a motivational concept in an organization Assess the impact of entrepreneurship and youth development. Assess the functions and activities of Nigerian Opportunities Industrialization Centre and National Office for technology acquisition and promotion (NOTAP) Evaluate the 7-points agenda of the present democratic government and its implication...
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...Formal Credit for Informal Sector - Reducing Unemployment Dr. S. Rajamohan Professor, Alagappa Institute of Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi and Mr. D. Durairaj Ph.D Research scholar, Alagappa Institute of Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi ABSTRACT Unemployment as one of the macroeconomic problems could be reduced through the formal credit for informal sector participation provided it is well supported and managed. The informal sector in itself may not be able to achieve much as we have presently due to inaccessibility to credit, but with the on-going policy of the Federal Government through the Reserve Bank of India on micro-financing the macroeconomic objective of reduced unemployment, if not full employment will become a reality in India. The microfinance policy has empowered the many microfinance/ banking institutions to provide credit to the informal sector. Therefore the Government of India and all relevant stakeholders continue in their mission towards reducing unemployment while they give their whole support, in making sure that the informal sector continues to enjoy access to formal credit to finance its activities and accomplish its goal of unemployment reduction. Key words: Credit, Unemployment, Informal sector INTRODUCTION Unemployment is one of the developmental problems that face every developing economy in the 21st century. International statistics portray that industrial and service workers living in developing...
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...Technology & Sciences Topic: Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh Course title: Introduction to Sociology Course Code: HUM– 381 Department: Bachelor of Business Administration Prepared for- Mohit Prodhan Lecturer of Sociology School of Liberal Arts Prepared by- Rawnak Razzak (ID: 08310026) Afsana Khanom (ID: 08410001) Sadi Muhammad Naved (ID: 08410056) Sharmin Zaman (ID: 08410023) Date of Submission: April 10, 2011 10th April, 2011 Mohit Prodhan BBA, MBA (DU) Lecturer Faculty, School of Liberal Arts UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY & SCIENCES Subject: Submission of the report on “Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh” Dear Sir, With humble submission we want to thank you for assigning us the pragmatic report on “Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh”. We have really enjoyed the various stapes preparing the report. We have made a strong group works and have also collected different data from Online. We think this report enriches our practical knowledge on Sociology. There may be some mistakes. We think the mistakes in the report will be kindly excused. With thanks and best regards. Sincerely yours, Rawnak Razzak 08310026 Afsana Khanom 08410001 Sadi Muhammed Naved 08410056 Sharmin Zaman 08410023 BBA Faculty, School of Business University of Information Technology and Sciences. ------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgment Our project was to Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh. We chose...
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...Introduction on 5 yr plan: The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans, which are developed, executed and monitored by the Planning Commission. The tenth plan completed its term in March 2007 and the eleventh plan is currently underway First five year plan (1951- 1956) The first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the first five-year plan to the Parliament of India on December 8, 1951.This plan was based on the Harrod-Domar model. The plan addressed, mainly, the agrarian sector, including investments in dams and irrigation. The agricultural sector was hit hardest by the partition of India and needed urgent attention.[3] The total planned budget of 2069 crore was allocated to seven broad areas: irrigation and energy (27.2 percent), agriculture and community development (17.4 percent), transport and communications (24 percent), industry (8.4 percent), social services (16.64 percent), land rehabilitation (4.1 percent), and for other sectors and services (2.5 percent).[4] The most important feature of this phase was active role of state in all economic sectors. Such a role was justified at that time because immediately after independence, India was facing basic problems—deficiency of capital and low capacity to save. The target growth rate was 2.1% annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth; the achieved growth rate was 3.6% Second five year plan (1956-1961) The second five-year plan focused on industry, especially heavy industry...
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...ESSON 2: POPULATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT UNIT I: POPULATION LESSON 2 ‘POPULATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT’ - Dr. Anupama Rajput Studying this chapter should enable you to understand: * Theory of Demographic Transition * Demographic Profile of India * Population Growth and Economic Development * Population Policy of India Introduction: The size and composition of a country’s population can exert a powerful influence on a country’s development. The population size, composition, and distribution influence the range of industries a country can support and the pool of talent that are available in the country.In size of population, India is the second largest country in the world after China, constitutes 2.4 per cent of the world’s land area and supports 16.25 per cent of the world’s population. The population growth in India has proved to be more an obstacle to its development efforts rather than a contributory factor in economic growth. Theory of Demographic Transition: The theory of demographic transition states the impact of economic development on the population growth of a country. The earliest systematic discussion on the theory of population growth is provided by Malthus in 1798. Malthus stated that population growth always exceeds the growth of means of subsistence and warned that the uncontrolled population had to be corrected by nature which would be very painful. Economists however, argued that the population growth is a transitory phenomenon that...
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...Literature Review on Remittance - Nepal Introduction Remittances are funds transferred from migrants to their home country. They are the private savings of workers and families that are spent in the home country for food, clothing and other expenditures, and which drive the home economy. For many developing nations, remittances from citizens working abroad provide an import source of much-needed funds. In some cases, funds from remittances exceed aide sent from the developed world, and are only exceeded by foreign direct investment (FDI). Remittances give countries the ability to fund development their own way; however, like a teenager flush with cash from a first job, developing countries first have to understand just what it takes to effectively use remittance funds. If it is to efficiently use these funds the country must first develop policies that promote smart, stable growth, and to ensure that growth is not solely concentrated in the cities. It is important to note that migrants do not only travel to the largest world economies for work; instead, they go where the likelihood of work is the highest. While construction-related jobs are often considered the job of choice, many workers flock to countries that are developing their economies as well. Commodity-rich countries have a high demand for labor as the prospect of rising commodity prices continues to remain a constant Research has also shown that migrants returning from working abroad have a higher propensity...
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...level 2. Distribution of Egyptian migrants according to Destination 3. Economic Effect of Migration 4. Impact of Migration 4.a. on the Labor Supply of Adults Left Behind 4.b. and remittances on household poverty 5. Remittances at micro-level 6. Remittances at macro-level 7. Remittances and Development 8. Volume of Remittances 9. Impact of remittances on poverty alleviation 10. Brain Drain/Gain (causes, effects and solutions) 11. Egyptian Migration To Arab Countries Part III Legal and Illegal Migration 1. Definition 2. Dimensions 3. Causes 4. Dangers 5. Methods 6. Legal and political status 7. Migration Stages 8. The gangs of illegal migration contrive new behaviors….. 9. Egypt youth migration ……….. Ideal cases Objective The whole theme of this paper is to vivid the magnitude of migration, to profile the workers who migrate, to identify the types of migration and to determine the extent to which migration affects the rate of poverty and unemployment in Egypt. Not only that but also exploring the impact of the internal and external migration on the development of the country at the micro level. Reasons for this paper As Migration whether permanent or temporary, internal or international, legal or illegal has always been a possible coping strategy for people facing environmental changes. Pre-history and history...
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...Introduction Since ages poverty has been a major problem across globe, and with every passing day this issue is spreading and engulfing different classes of society. Poverty is one critical reason for many socio-economic problems including population explosion, unemployment, rampant rise in child labour and rising graph of crimes. Poverty can’t be ignored as an issue of a specific class, or any specific nation. In the present scenario when every class, society or for that matter every nation is interlinked with each other, this issue of poverty cannot be overlooked. Important to note is that poverty today is not just a problem of third world countries like India, or Africa but developed nations like Canada, America and one major part of Europe are also pondering on this serious issue. Based on Salvation Army Report, 2011 “Canadians ranked poverty as the third most important issue facing the country today, after the economy and health care.” (S. Army, 1-8) Thus it underlines the fact that how poverty remains a cause of concern for developed countries like Canada. For a country like Canada where more than 1 in 10 Canadians between 18 to 65 live in poverty this fact highlights that how poverty is impacting people across different age groups. Poverty today is not about problem of one specific individual it is every body`s problem, if one part of society experiences success then the other part experiences poverty. Poverty eradication should be taken up as a matter of fundamental...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the study The mass unemployment of qualified and able-bodied men/women has generated much concern all over the world. ILO (2011) noted that despite the rapid recovery in the global economy that took place in 2010, following two years of severely adverse labour market condition, global unemployment remained elevated in 2010. According to ILO (2011) the number of unemployed stood at 205 millions (6.2%) in 2010. The above scenario propelled Nigerian like other nations’ government around the world to take some practical steps towards alleviating unemployment. Despite the frantic efforts towards the eradication of this phenomenon, it is sad to know that Nigerian economy continues to experience increase in unemployment rate. Lack of employment opportunities in Nigeria has resulted in poverty, in turn poverty needs to alienation of poor people from political-economic function of the society. The population of Anambra State according 2006 census is 4,055,048. Out of this figure, 2,500,000 are unemployed amounting to 45% unemployment rate in Anambra State. Lack of employable skills is no doubt, a major contributing factor to the problem of unemployment world over and especially in Nigeria. This is so because, the educational system operated at post-independence era in the country placed emphasis on liberal education rather than acquisition of vocational skills, which prepare the individual for better employment opportunities...
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...Finance and Administrative Sciences ISSN 1450-2275 Issue 11 (2008) © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournalsn.com Reducing Unemployment Through the Informal Sector: A Case Study of Nigeria Ishola Rufus Akintoye Senior Lecturer, (OOU) Room 116, Department of Economics Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria – West Africa Abstract This paper seeks to establish that unemployment as one of the macroeconomic problems could be reduced through the informal sector participation provided it is well supported and manged. The informal sector in itself may not be able to achieve much as we have presently due to inaccessibility to credit, but with the on-going policy of the Federal Government through the Central Bank of Nigeria on micro-financing the macroeconomic objective of reduced unemployment, if not full employment will become a reality in Nigeria. The microfinance policy has empowered the many microfinance institutions to provide credit to the informal sector. We therefore advise that the Nigerian Government and all relevant stakeholders continue in their quest towards reducing unemployment while they give their undivided support, in making sure that the informal sector continues to enjoy access to credit to finance its activities and accomplish its goal of unemployment reduction. Introduction Unemployment is one of the developmental problems that face every developing economy in the 21st century. International statistics portray that industrial...
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...Historical Background Unemployment as a concept has attracted large coverage both domestically and internationally. It has been the most persistent and unmanageable problem facing both developed and developing nations of the world. The fact remains that a hundred percent employment exist in no nation of the world. All nations experience at least a minute proportion if not large rate of unemployment and a major macroeconomic goal of most if not all nations is to combat unemployment problems in their economies. Unemployment has been categorized as one of the serious impediments to social welfare. Apart from representing a colossal waste of a country’s manpower resources, it generates welfare loss in terms of lower output, thereby leading to lower income and wellbeing. The need to avert the negative effects of unemployment has made the tackling of unemployment problem to feature very prominently in the development objectives of many developing countries. One of the steps taken by the Nigerian government to reduce the problem of unemployment in Nigeria was the establishment of National Directorate of Employment (NDE). Unemployment has been defined as the absence of a job by an able bodied person. It is a term often denoting the percentage of people in the labour force who are not working. The concept of unemployment is not an entirely new one in Nigeria. Patrick Koshoni, (2005), a former Labour Minister has this to say “The problem of mass unemployment is not new, it has been...
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...ABSTRACT This report deals with the concept of Social Entrepreneurship and the work that a social entrepreneur does. The Report is a guide to learn Social Entrepreneurship through Handson experience. The Report covers my experience in starting a Social Enterprise, difficulties I encountered during the time and how to make a Social Enterprise a Viable option. This report covers everything from rise of this term Social Entrepreneur, to work done by Social Entrepreneurs, to the Entrepreneurial theories and approaches they follow or must follow. This report also describes several Social Ventures and the people behind those ventures who have brought about a positive social change. Social Entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon and the excitement it has created throughout the world because of the impact it has had is tremendous. This report thus describes what learning social entrepreneurship through hands-on experience is. The Report also lists the various people I contacted for Sponsorship and the manner in which they supported the project. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 03 ABSTRACT 04 1. SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 06 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 OBJECTIVES 1.3 METHODOLOGY 1.4 DATA COLLECTION 1.5 CHAPTER SCHEME 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 11 3. HISTORY 17 4. MODERN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 22 5. SOME OUTSTANDING EXAMPLES 27 6. THEORIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP 33 7. CONCLUSION 38 8. BIBILIOGRAPHY 39 6 CHAPTER-1 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1...
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... - Saving and Credit Cooperative Society SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Science URT - United Republic of Tanzania ABSTRACT The Ojective of the research was to assess the eeffectiveness/contribution of PFSs in reduction of poverty in Kinondoni District Dar es Salaam Tanzania. The research was conducted at NBC branches. The Branches to which the Reseacrh was conducted were Kinondoni Branch, Ubungo Branch, Mlimani City Branch, UDSM Branch and Tegeta Branche. Data were collected through interview and research questionnaires and were analyzed by using quantitative approach. The research study revealed that Tanzania there is a number of Private Financial Institutions providing financial services among Tanzanians. These Financial institutions are categorized either being in the form of banks i.e NMB, NBC, Akiba Commercial Bank and Women Bank of Tanzania or non Banks Financial institutions like PRIDE, FINCA and Tujijenge. All these financial institutions provide loans to need of Tanzanians. However, the...
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