SOIL ECOLOGY AND BIOREMIDIATION Faculty of Engineering and Architecture CIVE 652-Environmental biotechnology By: Contents INTRODUCTION 3 SOIL MICROORGANISMS 3 Bacteria and Actinomycetes 3 Protozoa 3 Algae 4 Fungi 4 Macrofauna and Mesofauna 4 SOIL UNDER OXIC AND ANOXIC CONDITIONS 4 SOIL CYCLES 5 Carbon Cycle 5 Nitrogen Cycle 6 Sulfur Cycle 7 SOIL POLLUTION 7 Main Causes of Soil Pollution: 7 Main Effects of Soil Pollution: 7 SOIL BIOREMEDIATION 8
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Bacterial decomp of waste creates high demand for oxygen in the water (BOD - biological O2 demand) Low BOD means less wastewater pollution High BOD means more wastewater pollution Eutrophication due to nutrients (N, P) released from wastewater decomposition (cultural eutrophication) Algae blooms → algae death/decomp → hypoxia → dead zones Wastewater can carry a variety of disease-causing organisms (pathogens: viruses, bacteria, parasites) Cholera, typhoid fever, diarrheal diseases, hepatitis, etc
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created by three different processes. To begin, methane can be made through the thermal decomposition of organic matter, known as being produced thermogenically. Furthermore, methane can also be produced abiogenically and bacteriogenically (Stotler et al., 2010). These processes include the reduction of carbon dioxide and methanogenic microbes that emit methane as they decompose due to an increase in anaerobic bacteria respiration in the area. Under specific conditions of low temperatures and high
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3.7. Constructed wetland treatment mechanisms The major pollutant removal means in constructed wetlands includes physico-chemical processes such as sedimentation, adsorption and precipitation at the water-sediment, root-sediment and plant-water interfaces uptake as well as biological processes such as microbial metabolic activity and plant. Wetlands have been found to be effective in treating BOD, TSS, N and P as well as for reducing metals, organic pollutants and pathogens (Reddy and Smith, 1987)
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Introduction 1. Yeasts are eukaryotic, unicellular fungi that inhabit liquid or moist habitats. They are heterotrophs and rely on complex organic substances for nutrition. Yeasts require oxygen for aerobic cellular respiration but some are also anaerobic with alternative aerobic methods for producing energy. They do not require light to grow and their temperature range varies which means they can survive in a multitude of different environments. Very common, they can be found anywhere, from occurring
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One of the biggest and most hazardous problems facing the world today is global warming. Many experts believe that the production of green house gases especially carbon dioxide and methane is heating the atmosphere and this could be very dangerous for human life and for the life in general. Scientists have been busily searching and studying in order to determine precisely what the primary “key factors” are behind this progressive “heating up” process. CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING Scientists have
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World Bank & Government of The Netherlands funded Training module # WQ - 11 The chemistry of dissolved oxygen measurement New Delhi, May 1999 CSMRS Building, 4th Floor, Olof Palme Marg, Hauz Khas, New Delhi – 11 00 16 India Tel: 68 61 681 / 84 Fax: (+ 91 11) 68 61 685 E-Mail: dhvdelft@del2.vsnl.net.in DHV Consultants BV & DELFT HYDRAULICS with HALCROW, TAHAL, CES, ORG & JPS Table of contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Module context Module profile Session plan Overhead/flipchart master Evaluation
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* Table of Contents: Table of Contents: 2 1.0. Introduction: 3 1.1. Provincial Regulations, Standards and Application Process: 4 2.0. Discussion: 6 2.1. File Review and Site Inspection 6 2.2. Site Evaluation: Soil Suitability and Percolation Test 8 2.3. The Septic Tank: Function, Design and Inspection. 10 2.4. Distribution Box: Function, Design and Inspection. 12 2.5. Absorption Trenches: Function, Design and Inspection 13 3.0. Conclusion: 16 4.0. References: 18 5.0. Additional
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cook—cannot live in such an oxygen-poor environment. What you instead make welcome in such a pile are anaerobic bacteria, which don't require air to thrive. These microbes will eventually make compost, but they work much more slowly than aerobic bacteria and the compost will be slimy and soggy during the long (about 2 or 3 years) process. This would be no big deal for a patient gardener, but an anaerobic compost pile makes a lovely home for sow bugs, pill bugs, and earwigs—all undesirables. And you can
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are bacteria that cause bacterial infection. Below is a table of some pathogenic bacteria and their corresponding diseases. PATHOGENIC BACTERIA | PATHOGENIC DISEASE | Clostridium perfringens | * Gas gangrene * Acute food poisoning * Anaerobic cellulitis | Streptococcus pyogenes | * Streptococcal pharyngitis * Scarlet fever * Rheumatic fever * Impetigo and erysipelas * Puerperal fever * Necrotizing fasciitis | Bacillus anthracis | * Cutaneous anthrax * Pulmonary anthrax
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