Chapter – 1 Introduction to Accounting Origin and history of Accounting can be traced back to some 10,000 years ago. The population in the area known as Mesopotamia, later Persia, and today the countries of Iran and Iraq had an active trading between towns and cities up and down the two rivers started the accounting concepts. At that time there were no letters or numbers. The merchants had to ship their merchandise up and down the rivers. They have to trust the boat man with their goods
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contents and is given a lower-case Roman numeral page number (for example, i).” – from the guide on accounting writing methods on BB. The collapse of Enron in 2001 has alerted the financial standard-setters worldwide for the need to develop a single set of global high quality accounting standards in order to achieve greater transparency, clarity, consistency and comparability of the financial reports. This is important for achieving more efficient global financial markets while benefiting users
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Income taxes and financial accounting Abstract: The paper discusses the basic elements of tax allocation, analyzes extensively the principal timing difference: accelerated depreciation for tax purposes and straight-line depreciation for published financial reporting, looks into the major aspects of SFAS No. 109, and explores the difference of GAAP and IFRS on tax allocation. 1. Income tax allocation In order to comply with IRS tax code and make sense of the tax expands for income statement
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CHAPTER 13 Financial Statement Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES After you have mastered the material in this chapter, you will be able to: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Describe factors associated with communicating useful information. Differentiate between horizontal and vertical analysis. Explain ratio analysis. Calculate ratios for assessing a company’s liquidity. Calculate ratios for assessing a company’s solvency. Calculate ratios for assessing company management’s effectiveness. Calculate ratios
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for your business. Elements of a Business Plan 1. Cover sheet 2. Statement of purpose 3. Table of contents I. The Business A. Description of business A. Marketing B. Competition C. Operating procedures D. Personnel E. Business insurance G. Financial data II. Financial Data A. Loan applications B. Capital equipment and supply list C. Balance sheet D. Breakeven analysis E. Pro-Forma income projections (profit & loss statements) Three-year summary Detail by month first year Detail
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Absolute number for dollars does not carry the same weight and importance to each company, so other types analysis needs to be used. In general analyzing financial statements allows the management to identify issues, make changes, and to take control to meet the goals set for the company. There are quite a few difference analyses that could be used. One such analysis is Horizontal analysis. In Horizontal analysis the changes and difference are an indication for further analysis. Horizontal
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CHAPTER 2 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, TAXES, AND CASH FLOWS Learning Objectives LO1 The difference between accounting value (or “book” value) and market value. LO2 The difference between accounting income and cash flow. LO3 How to determine a firm’s cash flow from its financial statements. LO4 The difference between average and marginal tax rates. LO5 The basics of Capital Cost Allowance (CCA) and Undepreciated Capital Cost (UCC). Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions
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Overview of the Financial Statements, Financial Analysis of the Government-Wide Statements, Financial Analysis of the Government’s Fund Level Statements, and Other Information. C) The report does provide reconciliation between total governmental net assets per the government-wide statement of net assets and total governmental fund balances per the governmental fun balance sheet. The main reconciliation items are; capital assets that are capitalized on the government-wide statements but are not reported
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Online Chapter 15 LEASE FINANCING AND BUSINESS VALUATION Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, readers will be able to describe the two primary types of leases, explain how lease financing affects financial statements and taxes, conduct a basic lease analysis from the perspective of the lessee, discuss the factors that create value in lease transactions, explain in general terms how businesses are valued, and conduct a business valuation using discounted cash flow and market multiple
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Small Business Idea Tina Sergio ACC/561 Week 1 February 5, 2013 Bobby Bates Small businesses and entrepreneurs form the backbone of the U.S. economy. Since early America, entrepreneurs have generated ideas that create opportunities so other people were able to begin their own company, and, it is likely that new entrepreneurs will continue to
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