Foundations of Finance: The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Prof. Alex Shapiro Lecture Notes 9 The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Readings and Suggested Practice Problems Introduction: from Assumptions to Implications The Market Portfolio Assumptions Underlying the CAPM Portfolio Choice in the CAPM World The Risk-Return Tradeoff for Individual Stocks VII. The CML and SML VIII. “Overpricing”/“Underpricing” and the SML IX. X. Uses of CAPM in Corporate Finance
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finance. She was preparing her annual cost of capital for midland as well as for each of its following three divisions: * Exploration & production (E&P) * Refining & Marketing (R&M) * Petrochemicals Midland was a global company with operations in oil and gas. Midland corporate treasury had began analysis and preparation of annual cost of capital for the corporation as a whole and for each divisions as part of annual capital budgeting process but this estimates were often
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QUESTIONS FOR THE OVERALL ASSIGNMENT 1. What is the best way to estimate the company and divisions’ cost of capital? Answer: The best way to estimate the cost of capital is by using the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) where the Weighted-Average Cost of Capital (rwacc) is given by the formula [pic] Where, D is the market value of the net debt E is the market value of the total equity V is the total market value of debt and equity = D + E
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financial community. When dealing with the assets and liabilities that can be found in a business, a company will use the principles and concepts that occur at the time (Emery, Finnerty, & Stowe, 2007, pp. 32-33). The concepts a business uses are as follows: “The Risk/Return Tradeoff,” “Diversification,” “Dollar Cost Averaging,” “Asset Allocation,” “Random Walk Theory,” “Efficient Market Hypothesis,” “The Optimal Portfolio,” and “Capital Asset Pricing Model” (Investopedia, 2010, p. 1-8). The Risk/Return
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recommending a “Hold.” In case 13, Nike Inc.: Cost of Capital, I am acting as a portfolio manager to estimate Nike’s cost of capital to determine whether the stock is overvalued or undervalued. II. Alternative Solutions • Dividend Growth Model (DGM) see appendix for calculations • Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) see appendix for calculations • Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) see appendix for calculations III. Analysis of the Alternatives • Dividend Growth Model (DGM) The Dividend
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Assignment Source Document: HBS case- Marriott Corporation: cost of capital Prepare a case discussion report. The report must at least address the following issues 1. Are the four components of Marriott’s financial strategy consistent with its growth objective? Marriot has following four financial strategy components * Manage rather than own hotel assets. * Invest in projects that increase shareholders values * Optimize the use of debt in the capital structure * Repurchased
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Chapter 12—Capital Structure MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The uncertainty caused by the variability of a firm’s cash flows is called . . . a. financial risk b. business risk c. financial leverage d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: E REF: 12.2 The Modigliani & Miller Capital Structure Irrelevance Propositions 2. Which of the following is considered an indirect cost of bankruptcy? a. document printing expenses b. professional fees paid to lawyers c. loss of key employees d. none of the above ANS:
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Inclusion of the riskfree asset 1 2.1 Markowitz mean-variance formulation Suppose there are N risky assets, whose rates of returns are given by the random variables R1 , · · · , RN , where Rn = Sn(1) − Sn (0) , n = 1, 2, · · · , N. Sn(0) Let w = (w1 · · · wN )T , wn denotes the proportion of wealth invested in asset n, N with n=1 wn = 1. The rate of return of the portfolio is N RP = n=1 wnRn . Assumptions 1. There does not exist any asset that is a combination of other assets in the portfolio,
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CH2 Assets=Liabilities +Stockholder’s Equity Cash Flow From Firm’s Assets=Cash Flow to Creditors + Equity Investor →CF(A)=CF(B)+CF(S) 一、 CF(A)=Operating Cash flow (OCF)-CAPEX-△NWC 1) OCF（看income statement）=EBIT + Depreciation -Tax paid EBIT=Revenue-Cost-Depreciation Tax=(EBIT-interest)*tax rate Earnings per share=Net income/total share outdating’s Dividends per share=Dividend/ total share outdating’s 2) CAPEX定义：Acquisitions-Sales of fixed assets 是out flow 需被finance CAPEX=△Total fixed
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