Calculus formation happens in a sequence of three steps including pellicle formation, biofilm formation, and mineralization. The first step in calculus formation is the development of a pellicle. A pellicle is an organic substance made of mucoproteins that quickly forms within minutes of being detached from the tooth surface. The next step is biofilm maturation where the biofilm forms in layers. Microorganisms grow and colonize on the growing pellicle. There are many morphologic forms of bacteria
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Imagine cloning a cell 37.2 trillion times until there’s a whole person. Today, scientist have come extremely close to making this possible. Scientist haven’t been able to clone an adult human yet, but some have managed to successfully been able to clone a human embryo. Cloning will allow people to increase the amount of livestock and crops key to mankind’s survival, cure who knows how many diseases and even bring people back to life from a simple DNA cell. But even though all these things could
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controversial field of science that involves the introduction of human embryonic stem (hES) cells or human neural stem cells into nonhuman animals, thus creating a human-animal interspecific chimera. With the promise of significantly enhancing health and possibly curing some of the most deadly diseases, humankind has mitigated diverse ethical issues associated with stem cell research. However, the use of human stem cells to create chimeras has generated unusual ethical dilemmas, in particular, whether or
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the degradation of the extracellular matrix, which promotes excessive immune cell leakage to inflammation sites and enhances organ damage. The roles of most cystatins are not clearly defined or known; however, these proteins have been found to have secondary functions. For example, as stated in this article by Eaves-Pyles in 2013, cystatins C and B have were found to have anti-tumor effects that decreased the rapid cell growth and metastasis of a tumor. Along with this function, Cystatin C has
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into individual cells in a Petri dish. These embryos are placed in a surrogate mother for their development and are identical because they all had the same fertilized egg. The other method of entire organism cloning is called somatic cell nuclear transfer or SCNT. SCNT involves isolating a somatic cell, or any cell that is not a reproductive cell, and removing the nucleus and DNA from an egg cell. The nucleus is then transferred from the somatic cell to the egg cell. Now, the egg cell with a new nucleus
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Observing Cells George Meni Introduction Did you ever wonder what makes up all living things? Organisms are in most living things, there is a range of organisms from unicellular to multicellular organisms that are inside a human, dog, cat, plant or any living growing thing. An example of a unicellular organism would be; Bacteria, Archaea, Protozoa. An example of a multicellular organism is; most types of Fungi, Algae. There are also organisms that are partly unicellular and multicellular like:
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Bioprinting will revolutionize the world of medicine by reducing the number of patients on a waiting list, raising the life expectancy of patients, and lowering the cost of transplants. Firstly, 3D bioprinting will allow doctors to use a patient's own cells to print 3d organs, which will drastically lower the chances of the transplant failing. "At least one child in 12,500 is born with microtia,
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ADAMTS-13 is a protease and it’s role is to cleave vWF (ulvWF). ADAMTS-13 INH ELISA allows us to detect the human autoantibodies (IgG) which is found in plasma and or serum against the ADAMTS-13. These autoantibodies inhibit ADAMTS-13 activity, hence non-cleaved ULvW gather in the plasma – one of the main causes of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). TECHNOZYM® ADAMTS-13 INH test allows us to differentiate between autoantibodies (acquired) and congenital (gene polymorphisms) TTP when paired
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about the rate of cell division in cancerous tissue compared to the rate of cell division in normal tissue? What data did you use to answer this question? Answer: By comparing table 3 (normal cell tissue table) and table 4 (cancerous cell tissue table) I found that cancerous cell tissue has much faster rate of cell division. Specifically, I looked at the mitotic indexes on both tables and found that cancerous cell tissue actively divides at a much faster rate than normal cell tissue. 4. Which
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“The difference between ordinary and extraordinary is just the little “extra”. (Anonymous)” Down-Syndrome is when there is an extra copy of the twenty-first chromosome in the human cell. This syndrome begins when a sex cell does not duplicate one of its chromosomes. When the egg and sperm unite, instead of having two copies of the twenty-first chromosome, there are three. The prenatal and postnatal development of a child with Down-Syndrome differs from the development of a child without a syndrome
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